County of Mercer McDade Administration Building 640 South Broad Street Trenton, NJ 08611

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1 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. 293 Route 18, Suite 330 Telephone (866) Building Systems Consultants East Brunswick, NJ Facsimile (203) October 1, 2010 Local Government Energy Program Energy Audit Draft Report FINAL County of Mercer McDade Administration Building 640 South Broad Street Trenton, NJ Project Number: LGEA72

2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 INTRODUCTION... 6 HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION... 7 EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST APPENDIX B: LIGHTING STUDY APPENDIX C: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS APPENDIX E: STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE FROM ENERGY STAR APPENDIX F: INCENTIVE PROGRAMS APPENDIX G: ENERGYMISER DEVICES SAVINGS CALCULATIONS APPENDIX H: ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES APPENDIX I: METHOD OF ANALYSIS Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 2/76

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The McDade Administration Building consists of a five-story building with basement, and a fourstory Annex building with basement, comprising a total conditioned floor area of 103,000 square feet. The original structure was built in 1930, and renovated when the Annex was constructed in The following chart provides a comparison of the current building energy usage based on the period from April 2009 through March 2010 with the proposed energy usage resulting from the installation of recommended Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) excluding any renewable energy: Table 1: State of Building Energy Usage Site Energy Electric Gas Annual Use Usage, Usage, Cost of Intensity, kwh/yr therms/yr Energy, $ kbtu/sq ft yr Joint Energy Consumption, MMBtu/yr Current 1,205,346 47,564 $280, ,869 Proposed 808,368 37,229 $191, ,510 Savings 396,378 10,335 $89, ,359 % Savings 33% 22% 32% 27% 27% There may be energy procurement opportunities for the County of Mercer McDade Administration Building to reduce annual utility costs, which are $38,054 higher, when compared to the average estimated NJ commercial electricity rates. SWA has also entered energy information about the McDade Administration Building in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager energy benchmarking system. This administrative building is comprised of rating eligible ( Office ) space type that received a rating of 78 which exceeds the minimum ENERGY STAR requirement of 75. Hence, the building would qualify to receive an ENERGY STAR plaque to convey its superior energy performance. The Site Energy Use Intensity is 85.0 kbtu/ft 2 -yr compared to the national average of an office building consuming kbtu/ft 2 -yr. See ECM section for guidance on how to improve the building s rating. Recommendations Based on the current state of the building and its energy use, SWA recommends implementing the following Energy Conservation Measures: Table 2: Energy Conservation Measure Recommendations ECMs Simple First Year Initial CO2 Payback Savings Investment, Savings, Period ($) $ lbs/yr (years) 0-5 Year $59, $203, , Year $19, $151, ,144 >10 year $10, $122,000 87,949 Renewables $27, $135,000 63,384 Total $116, $612, ,098 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 3/76

4 SWA estimates that implementing the recommended ECMs is equivalent to removing approximately 48 cars from the roads each year or avoiding the need of 1,414 trees to absorb the annual CO 2 generated. Other recommendations to increase building efficiency pertaining to operations and maintenance and capital improvements are listed below: Further Recommendations: SWA recommends that the municipal building further explore the following: Capital Improvements o Install a new Direct Digital Control (DDC) building automation system o Convert steam system to hot water system o Replace air handling units o Replace cooling towers o Replace building pumps o Replace exhaust fans o Replace air conditioning units in server room o Install NEMA premium motors when replacements are required o Investigate possible causes of water infiltration into wall cavities Operations and Maintenance o Inspect and maintain surrounding vegetation o Maintain roofs o Maintain downspouts and cap flashing o Provide weather-stripping/air-sealing o Repair/seal wall cracks and penetrations o Seal openings around window air-conditioning units o Repair window sills to reduce water damage to surround exterior o Provide water-efficient fixtures and controls o Install ENERGY STAR labeled appliances o Use smart power electric strips o Create an energy educational program The recommended ECMs and the list above are cost-effective energy efficiency measures and building upgrades that will reduce operating expenses for the County of Mercer. Based on the requirements of the LGEA program, the County of Mercer must commit to implementing some of these measures, and must submit paperwork to the Local Government Energy Audit program within one year of this report s approval to demonstrate that they have spent, net of other NJCEP incentives, at least 25% of the cost of the audit (per building). The minimum amount to be spent, net of other NJCEP incentives, is $5,233. Financial Incentives and Other Program Opportunities The table below summarizes the recommended next steps that the County of Mercer can take to achieve greater energy efficiency and reduce operating expenses. It includes the amount in dollars that the County of Mercer is required to spend per building according to the LGEA program guidelines. It is important to note that the required 25% expenditure is per building and after the other implementation incentive amounts. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 4/76

5 Table 3: Next Steps for the Administration Building Recommended ECMs Replace motors on AHUs and return air fans with premium efficiency motors, per ECM#12,13,14, and 15 Replace chiller, per ECM#16 Install new CFL fixtures, per ECM#1 Install a 30 kw solar photovoltaic rooftop system, per ECM#19 Incentive Program (Please refer to Appendix F for details) Smart Start Smart Start Smart Start Smart Start, Renewable Energy Incentive Program There are various incentive programs that the County of Mercer could apply for that could help lower the cost of installing the ECMs. For the McDade Administration Building, and contingent upon available funding, SWA recommends the following incentive programs: New Jersey Clean Energy Pay for Performance - Three phase incentive plan: 1. Develop plan to reduce current energy use by 15%: receive up to 50% of annual energy costs 2. Install measures as outlined in the plan: receive up to $0.13 per kwh saved and $1.45 per therm saved 3. After benchmarking energy savings for one year: receive up to $0.09 per kwh saved and $1.05 per therm. Smart Start: Majority of energy saving equipment and design measures have moderate incentives under this program. Renewable Energy Incentive Program: Receive up to $0.75/Watt toward installation cost for PV panels upon available funding. And, for each 1,000 kwh generated by renewable energy, receive a credit between $475 and $600. Please refer to Appendix F for further details. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 5/76

6 INTRODUCTION Launched in 2008, the Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) Program provides subsidized energy audits for municipal and local government-owned facilities, including offices, courtrooms, town halls, police and fire stations, sanitation buildings, transportation structures, schools and community centers. The Program will subsidize up to 100% of the cost of the audit. The Board of Public Utilities (BPUs) Office of Clean Energy has assigned TRC Energy Services to administer the Program. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) is a 38-year-old architectural/engineering research and consulting firm, with specialized expertise in green technologies and procedures that improve the safety, performance, and cost effectiveness of buildings. SWA has a long-standing commitment to creating energy-efficient, cost-saving and resource-conserving buildings. As consultants on the built environment, SWA works closely with architects, developers, builders, and local, state, and federal agencies to develop and apply sustainable, whole building strategies in a wide variety of building types: commercial, residential, educational and institutional. SWA performed an energy audit and assessment for the McDade Administration Building at 640 Broad Street and the attached annex at 612 Broad Street. The process of the audit included facility visits on June 22 nd, benchmarking and energy bills analysis, assessment of existing conditions, energy modeling, energy conservation measures and other recommendations for improvements. The scope of work includes providing a summary of current building conditions, current operating costs, potential savings, and investment costs to achieve these savings. The facility description includes energy usage, occupancy profiles and current building systems along with a detailed inventory of building energy systems, recommendations for improvement and recommendations for energy purchasing and procurement strategies. The goal of this Local Government Energy Audit is to provide sufficient information to the County of Mercer to make decisions regarding the implementation of the most appropriate and most costeffective energy conservation measures for the McDade Administration Building. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 6/76

7 HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Energy usage, load profile and cost analysis SWA reviewed utility bills from April 2008 through March 2010 that were received from the utility companies supplying the McDade Administration Building with electricity and natural gas. A 12 month period of analysis from April 2009 through March 2010 was used for all calculations and for purposes of benchmarking the building. Electricity - The McDade Administration Building is currently served by two electric meters. The McDade Administration Building currently buys electricity from PSE&G at an average aggregated rate of $0.182/kWh. The McDade Administration Building purchased approximately 1,205,346 kwh, or $218,855 worth of electricity, in the previous year. The average monthly demand was 324.0kW and the annual peak demand was kw. The chart below shows the monthly electric usage and costs. The dashed green line represents the approximate base-load or minimum electric usage required to operate the McDade Administration Building. Electric Usage (kwh) Annual Electric Usage (kwh) and Cost($) 200,000 $35, ,000 $30, , ,000 $25, ,000 $20, ,000 80,000 $15,000 60,000 $10,000 Electric Usage (kwh) 40,000 Estimated Baseload (kwh) 20,000 $5,000 Electric Cost 0 $0 Electric Cost ($) Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Date (Month-Year) Natural gas - The McDade Administration Building is currently served by one meter for natural gas. The McDade Administration Building currently buys natural gas from PSE&G at an average aggregated rate of $1.306/therm. The McDade Administration Building purchased approximately 47,564 therms, or $62,116 worth of natural gas, in the previous year. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 7/76

8 The chart below shows the monthly natural gas usage and costs. The green line represents the approximate base-load or minimum natural gas usage required to operate the McDade Administration Building. Natural Gas Usage (therms) Annual Natural Gas(therms) and Cost($) Natural Gas Usage (therms) Estimated Baseload (therms) Natural Gas Cost Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Date (Month-Year) $18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 Natural Gas Cost($) Natural Gas Usage (therms) 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Natural Gas Usage (therms) vs. Heating Degree Days (HDD) Apr-09 May-09 Natural Gas Usage (therms) Heating Degree Days (HDD) Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Date (Month-Year) Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 1,200 1, HDD Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 8/76

9 The chart above shows the monthly natural gas usage along with the heating degree days or HDD. Heating degree days is the difference of the average daily temperature and a base temperature, on a particular day. The heating degree days are zero for the days when the average temperature exceeds the base temperature. SWA s analysis used a base temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The following table and pie charts show energy use for the McDade Administration Building based on utility bills for the 12 month period. Note that the electrical cost at $53/MMBtu is approximately 4 times as expensive as the cost of natural gas at $13/MMBtu. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 9/76

10 Energy benchmarking SWA has entered energy information about the McDade Administration Building in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager energy benchmarking system. This office facility is categorized as an Office space type, which is eligible for an Energy Star Rating. The Site Energy Use Intensity is 85.0 kbtu/ft 2 -yr compared to the national average of an office building consuming kbtu/ft 2 -yr. The building has Energy Star rating of 78, meaning that it performs better than 78% of the buildings in the ENERGY STAR database. See ECM section for guidance on how to improve the building s rating Site Energy Intensity (kbtu/sq ft.) Site Energy Intensity (kbtu/sq ft.) Apr-09 Gas Energy Intensity Electric Energy Intensity May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Date (Month-Year) Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Per the LGEA program requirements, SWA has assisted the County of Mercer to create an ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager account and share the McDade Administration Building facilities information to allow future data to be added and tracked using the benchmarking tool. SWA has shared this Portfolio Manager account information with the County of Mercer (user name of mercercounty with a password of mercercounty ) and TRC Energy Services (user name of TRC-LGEA ). Tariff analysis As part of the utility bill analysis, SWA evaluated the current utility rates and tariffs. Tariffs are typically assigned to buildings based on size and building type. Tariff analysis is performed to determine if the rate that a municipality is contracted to pay with each utility provider is the best rate possible resulting in the lowest costs for electric and gas provision. Typically, the natural gas prices increase during the heating months when natural Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 10/76

11 gas is used for heating. Some high gas price per therm fluctuations in the summer may be due to high energy costs that recently occurred and low use caps for the non-heating months. Typically, electricity prices also increase during the cooling months when electricity is used for cooling. The supplier charges a market-rate price based on use, and the billing does not break down demand costs for all periods because usage and demand are included in the rate. Currently, the County of Mercer is paying a large volume service rate for natural gas. Demand is not broken out in the bill. Thus the building pays for fixed costs such as meter reading charges during the summer months. The building is direct metered and currently purchases electricity at a general service rate for usage with an additional charge for electrical demand factored into each monthly bill. The general service rate for electric charges is market-rate based on usage and demand. Demand prices are reflected in the utility bills and can be verified by observing the price fluctuations throughout the year. Energy Procurement strategies Billing analysis is conducted using an average aggregated rate that is estimated based on the total cost divided by the total energy usage per utility per 12 month period. Average aggregated rates do not separate demand charges from usage, and instead provide a metric of inclusive cost per unit of energy. Average aggregated rates are used in order to equitably compare building utility rates to average utility rates throughout the state of New Jersey. The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for electric are $0.150/kWh, while McDade Administration Building pays a rate of $0.182/kWh. The McDade Administration Building annual electric utility costs are $38,054 higher, when compared to the average estimated NJ commercial utility rates. Electric bill analysis shows fluctuations up to 17% over the most recent 12 month period. Electric Price ($/kwh) $0.25 $0.20 $0.15 $0.10 $0.05 $0.00 Average Electric Price vs. Monthly Peak Demand(kW) Electric Rate ($/kwh) Average NJ rate ($/kwh) Electric Demand (kw) Electric Demand (kw) Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Date (Month-Year) Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 11/76

12 The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for gas are $1.550/therm, while McDade Administration Building pays a competitive rate of $1.306/therm. Natural gas bill analysis shows fluctuations up to 66% over the most recent 12 month period. Natural Gas Price ($/therm) $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.50 $0.00 Apr-09 Annual Natural Gas Price ($/therm) May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Date (Month-Year) Natural Gas Rate ($/therm) Average NJ rate ($/therm) Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Utility rate fluctuations may have been caused by adjustments between estimated and actual meter readings; others may be due to unusual high and recent escalating energy costs. SWA recommends that the McDade Administration Building further explore opportunities of purchasing both natural gas and electricity from third-party suppliers in order to reduce rate fluctuation and ultimately reduce the annual cost of energy for the McDade Administration Building. Appendix C contains a complete list of third-party energy suppliers for the County of Mercer service area. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 12/76

13 EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Further Recommendations section for recommendations for improvement. Based on visits from SWA on Tuesday, June 22, 2010, the following data was collected and analyzed. Building Characteristics The McDade Administration Building consists of a five-story building with basement, and a fourstory Annex building with basement, comprising a total conditioned floor area of 103,000 square feet. The original structure was built in 1930, and renovated when the Annex was constructed in It houses various municipal and administration offices for the county of Mercer as well as council meeting rooms, sheriffs department offices and basement storage. Partial Southwest Façade Partial Southeast Façade Partial East Façade Partial North Façade Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 13/76

14 Partial Southwest Façade Partial West Façade Building Occupancy Profiles Its occupancy is approximately 261 employees daily on weekdays from 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM Building Envelope Due to unfavorable weather conditions (min. 18 deg. F delta-t in/outside and no/low wind), no exterior envelope infrared (IR) images were taken during the field audit. Exterior Walls The exterior wall envelope is mostly constructed of brick veneer over concrete block with 1-1/2 inches of assumed insulation. Other areas are constructed of exposed cast-in-place concrete and natural stone veneer, over poured-in-place concrete with 1 inch of assumed insulation. The interior is mostly painted gypsum wallboard and painted concrete block. Note: Wall insulation levels could not be verified in the field and are based on reports from maintenance personnel. Exterior and interior wall surfaces were inspected during the field audit. They were found to be in overall acceptable, age-appropriate condition with some signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and other energy-compromising issues detected on all facades. The following specific exterior wall problem spots and areas were identified: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 14/76

15 Signs of cracked/ mortar joints, cracked/aged caulk, damaged exterior wall finishes, and water damage at perimeter walls due to roof water run-off. There was also efflorescence on brick and masonry walls which indicate moisture presence within the wall cavity and overgrown ground vegetation blocking exterior surfaces. Roof The building s roof is predominantly a low-pitch gable type over a wood structure, with a white colored EPDM single-membrane finish. It was recently installed in Two inches of polyiso (polyisocyanurate) foam board roof insulation were recorded. Other parts of the building are also covered by a flat and parapet type over metal decking with a white colored EPDM single membrane finish. Two inches of of polyiso (polyisocyanurate) foam board roof insulation, were recorded. This roof was recently installed in Note: Roof insulation levels could not be verified in the field, and are based on available construction plans. Roofs, related flashing, gutters and downspouts were inspected during the field audit. They were reported to be in overall acceptable condition, with only a few signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage or other energy-compromising issues detected on all roof areas. The following specific roof problem spots were identified: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 15/76

16 Typical roof surfaces with some instances of missing and ineffective flashing, signs of water damage on roof membrane and standing water/pooling. Base The building s base is composed of a below-grade basement with a slab floor with a perimeter footing with poured concrete foundation walls and no detectable slab edge/perimeter insulation. Slab/perimeter insulation levels could not be verified in the field or on construction plans, and are based upon similar wall types and time of construction. The building s base and its perimeter were inspected for signs of uncontrolled moisture or water presence and other energy-compromising issues. Overall the base was reported to be in good condition with no signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/ or other energycompromising issues neither visible on the interior nor exterior. Windows The building contains several different types of windows. Double-hung type windows with a non-insulated aluminum frames, clear double glazing and no interior or exterior shading devices. The windows are located throughout the building. Double-hung type windows with an insulated aluminum frame, tinted, low-e coated, double glazing and no interior or exterior shading devices. The windows are located throughout the building. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 16/76

17 3. Double-hung type windows with an insulated aluminum frame, single pane, wire mesh safety glazing and no interior or exterior shading devices. The windows are located throughout the basement. 4. Double-hung type windows with a wood frame and grid pattern, clear single glazing, and no interior or exterior shading devices. The windows are located throughout the building. 5. Fixed type windows with an insulated aluminum frame, clear double glazing, and no interior or exterior shading devices. The windows are located at the built out portion of the rear entrance to the annex. Windows, shading devices, sills, related flashing and caulking were inspected as far as accessibility allowed for signs of moisture, air-leakage and other energy compromising issues. Overall, the windows were found to be in good/ age appropriate condition with only a few signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/ or other energy-compromising issues. The following specific window problem spots were identified: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 17/76

18 Typical window installations, with some instances of exposed lintels, damaged frames, and exterior water damage signs on areas around windows. Also observed was air-leakage at sleeved window/wall airconditioning units. Exterior doors The building contains several different types of exterior doors: Glass with steel frame type exterior doors. They are located in the front of the building at the main entrances to the Administration building and Annex. Glass with steel frame, sliding, type exterior doors. They are located in the rear of the building at at the back entrance to the Annex. Overhead type exterior doors with glass panels. They are located in the rear of the building at the loading bay. Solid metal type exterior doors with glass panels. They are located in the rear of the building at the loading bay. All exterior doors, thresholds, related flashing, caulking and weather-stripping were inspected for signs of moisture, air-leakage and other energy-compromising issues. Overall, the doors were found to be in good condition with only a few signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/or other energy-compromising issues. The following specific door problem spots were identified: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 18/76

19 Typical exterior doors, with an un-insulated door installed between different conditioned spaces, missing and worn weather-stripping. Building air-tightness Overall the field auditors found the building to be reasonably air-tight, considering the building's use and occupancy, as described in more detail earlier in this chapter. The air tightness of buildings helps maximize all other implemented energy measures and investments, and minimizes potentially costly long-term maintenance, repair and replacement expenses. Mechanical Systems Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning The McDade Administration Building at 640 Broad Street and 612 Broad Street is air conditioned by a mix of air conditioning systems; however, heating and cooling systems are mostly separate from each other. 640 Broad Street is cooled by means of a central chilled water system comprising a chiller, a cooling tower, air handling units, fans, and pumps; 612 Broad Street is cooled by water cooled direct expansion (DX) units, pumps, and a cooling tower. Both buildings are heated from two steam boilers located in 640 Broad Street building 640 Broad Street is heated by hot water generated in a heat exchanger while 612 Broad Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 19/76

20 Street is heated by steam directly generated in the boilers. A detailed equipment inventory can be found in Appendix A, Equipment List. A basic complaint regarding the HVAC system was uneven heating and cooling. The comfort issues noted in the building can mostly be attributed to insufficient zoning. The two air handling units serve the 640 Broad Street building in only two main zones; having more zones will lead to less comfort complaints from the occupants. Equipment The 640 Broad Street building contains two Carrier air handling units (AHUs) equipped with chilled water coils for cooling the building. The AHUs draw the minimum fresh air required for ventilation from the outside. Each AHU has its own dedicated centrifugal return air fan, also manufactured by Carrier. Except for the AHU located in the basement, other fans are equipped with 1971 motors which are of standard efficiency. The air handling system, including AHUs and return air fans, was installed in 1971 and is operating beyond the expected service life of 15 years. Chilled water is provided to the air handling units from a water cooled, hermetic, Carrier centrifugal chiller with a nominal cooling capacity of 200 tons. The chiller was installed in 1971 and is showing signs of performance and structural deterioration. It is operating beyond its expected service life of 24 years as stipulated by ASHRAE. The chiller was originally rated for about 0.9kW/ton but because of performance degradation over time, SWA estimates the current performance to be around 1.2 kw/ton. A Baltimore Air Coil (BAC) cooling tower that serves the chiller condenser is located on the roof. It is rated for 200 tons nominal cooling and equipped with a 25hp NEMA standard efficiency fan motor. The cooling tower is open loop and was installed in 1971 or before. It is in bad condition and operating well beyond its expected service life of 20 years. Chiller, installed in 1971 Cooling Tower, installed prior to 1971 Steam for heating is produced by two identical HB Smith boilers, each of 2,655MBH input capacity. Each boiler has 14 sections for heating. The boilers were installed in 1971 and are operating beyond the expected service life of a boiler of 30 years. The expected thermal efficiency of the boiler is about 65%. Hot water for the 640 Broad Street building heating is produced in a steam-to-water heat exchanger. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 20/76

21 Smith boilers located in basement of building Hot water is circulated through to the wall mounted hot-water baseboard heaters, radiators, and cabinet heaters. Most of the radiators in the building exist from before 1971, when the building HVAC system was upgraded but the then existing radiators were left in place. Steam is circulated through the 612 Broad Street building for heating. This building contains a mix of wall mounted unit ventilators and steam radiators, most of which were installed in The unit ventilators are manufactured by Nesbitt and there are approximately 50 units in the building. These units have direct expansion cooling coils filled with R-22 refrigerant. They provide heating, cooling, and ventilation to the perimeter of the building. The steam radiators are equipped with an integral selector switch to adjust heating. Steam traps require scheduled maintenance and replacement to ensure proper and efficient energy distribution. Nesbitt unit, integral controls Nesbitt units no nameplate 612 Broad Street building is cooled by means of four water cooled DX units. The WeatherKing unit located on the first floor was installed in 1971 and is operating beyond its service life of 15 years. The WeatherKing unit located on the second floor was installed in 1984 and is operating beyond its service life of 15 years as well. Other units are relatively new and in good overall condition. The condenser coils of these units are cooled by water which is circulated through an open loop cooling tower located on the low roof of 612 Broad Street building. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 21/76

22 The cooling tower was installed prior to 1971 and there was no name plate on the unit. The fan motor was recently installed, in 2009, and is in good condition. It is a high efficiency motor. 612 Broad Street building cooling tower There are four mushroom type roof mounted exhaust fans which serve the bathrooms and general exhaust. The building exhaust fans were installed in 1971 and are operating beyond their expected service life of 10 years. Distribution Systems Chilled water is distributed to the air handling units in the 640 Broad Street building by two circulating pumps located in the mechanical room. One pump remains on standby. Each pump is equipped with a standard efficiency 7.5hp motor. The pumps and the motors were installed in 1971 and are operating beyond an expected service life of 20 years. Condenser water is circulated through the chiller and the cooling tower in the 640 Broad Street building by two circulating pumps located in the mechanical room. One pump remains on standby. One of the pumps is equipped with a standard efficiency 10hp motor, while the other pump is equipped with a premium efficiency 10hp motor that was installed in The pumps were installed in 1971 and are operating beyond an expected service life of 20 years. Hot water is circulated in the 640 Broad Street building by two circulating pumps located in the main mechanical room. One pump remains on stand by. The pumps and motors were installed in 2004 and are in good condition. They still have about 70% of useful service life remaining. Condenser water is circulated through the water cooled DX units and the cooling tower in the 612 Broad Street building by a circulating pump located on the third floor. The pump is equipped with a 3hp standard efficiency motor installed in The pump was also installed in 1971 and is operating beyond its expected service life of 20 years. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 22/76

23 Controls Building pumps, installed in 1971 The heating and cooling equipment is controlled by a manual, pneumatic Johnson Controls system that actuates steam valves, hot water heating valves, and various sensors and thermostats. The pressured air is delivered to the controls systems by means of an air compressor which was installed in 2008 and is in excellent condition. The old air compressor which was installed in 1974 is still in working condition and remains on stand by. Old air compressor (near), and new air compressor (far) All AHUs are controlled manually from a wall-mounted control panel with selector switches for occupied/unoccupied and clock positions. The HVAC system is manually activated around 6.00am and manually deactivated around 10.00pm. The system is left to operate overnight if the next day weather is expected to be extremely hot or extremely cold. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 23/76

24 Domestic Hot Water Manually operated controls, manufactured by Johnsons Controls system The domestic hot water (DHW) for the McDade Administration building is provided by a 100 gallon, 250MBH, gas-fired heater. It is manufactured by AO Smith, model BTR 250A. The heater was installed in 2002 and appears to be in good condition. Domestic hot water is circulated in the 640 Broad Street building by a circulating pump which was installed in 2002 and is in good condition. Domestic hot water is circulated in the 612 Broad Street building by two circulating pumps which were installed in 1996 and appear to be in good condition as well. Electrical systems Lighting Existing gas-fired DHW serving both buildings See attached lighting schedule in Appendix B for a complete inventory of lighting throughout the building including estimated power consumption and proposed lighting recommendations. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 24/76

25 As of July 1, 2010 magnetic ballasts most commonly used for the operation of T12 lamps will no longer be produced for commercial and industrial applications. Also, many T12 lamps will be phased out of production starting July Interior Lighting - The McDade Administration Building currently contains a majority of fixtures with electronically ballasted T8 bulbs, however, there are a few T12 magnetically ballasted T12 bulbs as well as incandescent and self ballasted CFL s (Compact Fluorescent Lightbulbs). Based on measurements of lighting levels for each space, there are no vastly over-illuminated areas. Exit Lights - Exit signs were found to be a mix of LED and incandescent type. Exterior Lighting - The exterior lighting surveyed during the building audit was found to be a mix of Metal Halide lamp, High Pressure Sodium lamp, and CFL fixtures. Exterior lighting is controlled by photocells and timers. Appliances and process SWA has conducted a general survey of larger, installed equipment. Appliances and other miscellaneous equipment account for a significant portion of electrical usage within the building. Typically, appliances are referred to as plug-load equipment, since they are not inherent to the building s systems, but rather plug into an electrical outlet. Equipment such as process motors, computers, computer servers, radio and dispatch equipment, refrigerators, vending machines, printers, etc. all create an electrical load on the building that is hard to separate out from the rest of the building s energy usage based on utility analysis. There were a total of twenty-two refrigerators installed at the McDade Administration Building. Of those nineteen are older model inefficient refrigerators that are not ENERGY STAR qualified and should be replaced with ENERGY STAR qualified units. Of those nineteen, seven are larger units and twelve are smaller compact units. There are also three newer models, more efficient and or ENERGY STAR qualified refrigerators. Two of these are larger units and one is a smaller compact unit. Also installed were an older model inefficient refrigerated vending machine, older model inefficient non-refrigerated snack vending machine and two commercial refrigerated cooler units. Elevators The McDade Administration Building has three installed elevators. Two of them are in the main building and one is in the Annex. Both of the elevators in the main building are 3,000 lb. hydraulic passenger elevators manufactured by the Otis Elevator Corp and are equipped with Futura MG model controllers. They are installed with governors rated for 337 and 250 feet per minute, a 23 HP AC motor and a 26 HP DC motor. The elevator in the Annex building is hydraulic, and equipped with a 30hp motor, and manufactured by Electro- Hydraulic Power Unit. Other electrical systems There are not currently any other significant energy-impacting electrical systems installed at the McDade Administration Building. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 25/76

26 RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES Renewable energy is defined as any power source generated from sources which are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind and geothermal. Technology for renewable energy is improving, and the cost of installation is decreasing, due to both demand and the availability of state and federal government-sponsored funding. Renewable energy reduces the need for using either electricity or fossil fuel, therefore lowering costs by reducing the amount of energy purchased from the utility company. Technology such as photovoltaic panels or wind turbines, use natural resources to generate electricity on the site. Geothermal systems offset the thermal loads in a building by using water stored in the ground as either a heat sink or heat source. Solar thermal collectors heat a specified volume of water, reducing the amount of energy required to heat water using building equipment. Cogeneration or CHP allows you to generate electricity locally, while also taking advantage of heat wasted during the generation process. Existing systems Currently there are no renewable energy systems installed in the building. Evaluated Systems Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic panels convert light energy received from the sun into a usable form of electricity. Panels can be connected into arrays and mounted directly onto building roofs, as well as installed onto built canopies over areas such as parking lots, building roofs or other open areas. Electricity generated from photovoltaic panels is generally sold back to the utility company through a net meter. Net-metering allows the utility to record the amount of electricity generated in order to pay credits to the consumer that can offset usage and demand costs on the electric bill. In addition to generation credits, there are incentives available called Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) that are subsidized by the state government. Specifically, the New Jersey State government pays a market-rate SREC to facilities that generate electricity in an effort to meet state-wide renewable energy requirements. Based on utility analysis and a study of roof conditions, the McDade Administration Building is a good candidate for a 30 kw Solar Panel installation. See ECM#19 for details. Solar Thermal Collectors Solar thermal collectors are not cost-effective for this building and would not be recommended due to the insufficient and intermittent use of domestic hot water throughout the building to justify the expenditure. Wind The McDade Administration Building is not a good candidate for wind power generation due to insufficient wind conditions in this area of New Jersey. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 26/76

27 Geothermal The McDade Administration Building is not a good candidate for geothermal installation since it would require replacement of the entire existing HVAC system. The current HVAC design is not well suited for a geothermal application. Combined Heat and Power The McDade Administration Building is not a good candidate for CHP installation and would not be cost-effective due to the size and operations of the building. Typically, CHP is best suited for buildings with a high electric baseload to accommodate the electricity generated, as well as a means for using waste heat generated. Typical applications include buildings with an absorption chiller, where waste heat would be used efficiently. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 27/76

28 PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are recommendations determined for the building based on improvements over current building conditions. ECMs have been determined for the building based on installed cost, as well as energy and cost-savings opportunities. Recommendations: Energy Conservation Measures Assumptions: Discount Rate: 3.2%; Energy Price Escalation Rate: 0% Note: A 0.0 electrical demand reduction/month indicates that it is very low/negligible In order to clearly present the overall energy opportunities for the building and ease the decision of which ECM to implement, SWA calculated each ECM independently and did not incorporate slight/potential overlaps between some of the listed ECMs (i.e. lighting change influence on heating/cooling. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 28/76

29 ECM#1: Install eighty-one (81) new CFL fixtures On the day of the site visit, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the County of Mercer McDade Administration Building (see Appendix B). The existing lighting inventory contained a total of eighty-one inefficient incandescent lamps. SWA recommends that each incandescent lamp is replaced with a more efficient, Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL). CFLs are capable of providing equivalent or better light output while using less power. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $729 (includes $405 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. Rebates/financial incentives: There is no incentive available for this measure at this time. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs.

30 ECM#2: Install three (3) new LED exit signs On the day of the site visit, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the County of Mercer McDade Administration Building (see Appendix B). The administration building currently contains three incandescent exit signs. SWA recommends replacing these exit signs with newer, more efficient LED models. Exit signs present a good opportunity for savings since they are operated 24 hours per day. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $452 (includes $216 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy SmartStart LED Exit Signs ($20 per fixture) Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 30/76

31 ECM#3: Retrofit one (1) existing refrigerated vending machine with VendingMiser device A simple plug and play device the VendingMiser device is compatible with refrigerated vending machines. It utilizes Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR) to help the vending machine save power. This unit is to be installed on the existing refrigerated vending machines. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $199 (Includes $20 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturers info Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis and an average of 40 weekly operating hours. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy None available for this ECM Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 31/76

32 ECM#4: Retrofit two (2) existing refrigerated chillers with CoolerMiser devices A simple plug and play device the CoolerMiser device is compatible with refrigerated vending machines. It utilizes Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR) to help the chillers save power. This unit is to be installed on the existing refrigerated vending machines. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $398 (Includes $40 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturers info Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis and an average of 40 weekly operating hours. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy None available for this ECM Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 32/76

33 ECM#5: Install seventy-seven (77) new occupancy sensors On the day of the site visit, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the County of Mercer McDade Administration Building (see Appendix B). The building contains sixty-one areas that could benefit from the installation of occupancy sensors. These areas consisted of various offices, meetings rooms and other public areas that are used sporadically throughout the day and could show energy savings by having the lights turn off after a period of no occupancy. Typically, occupancy sensors have an adjustable time delay that shuts down the lights automatically if no motion is detected within a set time period. Advanced micro-phonic lighting sensors include sound detection as a means to controlling lighting operation. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $16,940 (includes $4,620 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy SmartStart Wall-mounted Occupancy Sensors ($20 per control) Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 33/76

34 ECM#6: Retrofit one (1) existing vending machine with SnackMiser device A simple plug and play device the VendingMiser device is compatible with refrigerated vending machines. It utilizes Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR) to help the vending machine save power. This unit is to be installed on the existing refrigerated vending machines. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $99 (Includes $20 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturers info Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis and an average of 40 weekly operating hours. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy None available for this ECM Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 34/76

35 ECM#7: Replace five (5) large refrigerators with 17 cu. ft. ENERGY STAR models On the day of the site visit, SWA observed that there were five older refrigerators, 17 cu. ft. model in the building which were not Energy Star rated (using approximately 773 kwh/year). Appliances, such as refrigerators, that are over 10 years of age should be replaced with newer efficient models with the Energy Star label. SWA recommends the replacement of the existing refrigerators with a 17 cu. ft. top freezer ENERGY STAR refrigerator. Besides saving energy, the replacement will also keep their surroundings cooler. When compared to the average electrical consumption of older equipment, Energy Star equipment results in large savings. Look for the Energy Star label when replacing appliances and equipment, including: window air conditioners, refrigerators, printers, computers, copy machines, etc. More information can be found in the Products section of the Energy Star website at: Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $2,625 (Includes $500 in labor cost) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturer and Store established costs Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis aggregate utility rate. Rebates/financial incentives: There is no incentive available for this measure at this time. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 35/76

36 ECM#8: Replace fourteen (14) compact refrigerators with 2.7 cu. ft. ENERGY STAR Models On the day of the site visit, SWA observed that there were fourteen older 2.7 cu. ft. model refrigerators that are not ENERGY STAR rated (using approximately 254 kwh/year). Appliances, such as refrigerators, that are over 10 years of age should be replaced with newer efficient models with the Energy Star label. SWA recommends the replacement of the older model compact refrigerators with a 2.7 cf. ft. ENERGY STAR model or equivalent. Besides saving energy, the replacement will also keep their surroundings cooler. When compared to the average electrical consumption of older equipment, Energy Star equipment results in large savings. Look for the Energy Star label when replacing appliances and equipment, including: window air conditioners, refrigerators, printers, computers, copy machines, etc. More information can be found in the Products section of the Energy Star website at: Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $1,386 (Includes $350 in labor cost) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturer and Store established costs Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis aggregate utility rate. Rebates/financial incentives: There is no incentive available for this measure at this time. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 36/76

37 ECM#9: Upgrade Elevator Controls 640 Broad Street building contains two OTIS elevators installed in Both elevators are run by DC power which is generated by means of a motor generating set (MG set). The MG set converts AC input power to DC power for use by elevators. Maximum energy is used when the elevator goes up or down; however, there is a constant consumption of some energy, around 20%, regardless of whether the elevator is moving or not. In the latest technology, power electronics using Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) static switches directly converts AC line power to DC, eliminating the MG set altogether. As a result, the constant expensive energy drain is avoided and conversion efficiency is vastly improved. There is additional maintenance savings because MG set brushes don t have to be replaced anymore. SWA recommends replacing existing MG sets elevator controls to SCR electronic drives on both the elevators. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $122,000 (includes $62,000 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturer and installer Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. SWA also assumed aggregated annual maintenance savings of about 12 hours. SWA further assumed that the elevator remains idle for about 90% of the total annual hours, 8760, resulting in about 20% energy savings. Rebates/financial incentives: There is no incentive available for this measure at this time. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 37/76

38 ECM#10: Install eleven (11) new pulse start metal halide fixtures On the day of the site visit, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the County of Mercer McDade Administration Building (see Appendix B). The existing lighting inventory contained eleven fixtures with inefficient metal halide and high pressure sodium lamps. SWA recommends replacing them with more efficient, Pulse Start Metal Halide fixtures with electronic ballasts. Pulse Start Metal Halide fixtures with electronic ballasts provide equivalent or better light output while reducing energy consumption by 30% when compared to metal halide or high pressure sodium fixtures.. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $8,088 (includes $1,650 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. SWA also assumed an aggregated 1 hr/yr to replace aging burnt out lamps vs. newly installed. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Smart Start - Pulse Start Metal Halide Fixtures ($25 per fixture) Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 38/76

39 ECM#11: Install five (5) new T8 fluorescent fixtures On the day of the site visit, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the County of Mercer McDade Administration Building (see Appendix B). The existing lighting inventory contains five inefficient T12 fluorescent fixtures with magnetic ballasts. SWA recommends replacing each existing fixture with more efficient T8 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts. T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts provide equivalent or better light output while reducing energy consumption by 30% when compared to a T12 fixture with magnetic ballast. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $725 (includes $475 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. SWA also assumed an aggregated 4 hrs/yr to replace aging burnt out lamps vs. newly installed. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Smart Start - T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts ($15 per fixture) Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 39/76

40 ECM#12, 13, 14, & 15: Install NEMA Premium Efficiency Motors Electric motors have a significant impact on the total energy operating costs in a building, and may vary widely in terms of energy efficiency. The NEMA Premium Motors energy efficiency program was established to assist users to optimize motor systems efficiency in light of power supply and utility deregulation issues. NEMA Premium motors help to optimize systems thereby reducing electrical consumption and reducing pollution associated with electrical power generation. SWA noted that existing motors on the two AHUs, on the return air fan on the roof, and on the chilled water pumps are of standard efficiency. SWA recommends replacing these motors with premium efficiency motors. Note that there are two chilled water pumps, and SWA recommends replacing motor on only the lead pump as per this measure. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $5,741(estimated labor cost $680) Source of cost estimate: Similar projects and DOE Motor Master International selection & savings analysis Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using nameplate data taken and using the billing analysis. The DOE Motor Master International selection and calculator was used considering equipment should operate for approximately 75% loading factor. Motor use hours were estimated to be 5,000 hours for air handling units and fans, and 2,500 hours for pumps. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Premium three-phase motors ($45-$700 per motor); for 7.5 hp motor - $90/motor, for 10 hp motor - $100/motor, for 25 hp motor - $130/motor, and for 30 hp motor - $150/motor; maximum incentive available is $470. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 40/76

41 ECM #16: Replace existing 200-ton Chiller There is one Carrier chiller in the building which is water cooled, hermetic, centrifugal chiller of 200 nominal tons capacity. It was installed in 1971 and is operating beyond its expected service life of 25 years. The chiller was originally rated for about 0.9kW/ton but because of performance degradation over time, SWA estimates the current performance to be 1.2 kw/ton. Newer technology chillers are available from 0.5kW/ton through to as low as 0.3 kw/ton. SWA recommends replacing the existing chiller with a new, 200-ton cooling capacity, centrifugal water cooled chiller with a performance rating of 0.49kW/ton or lower. Estimated cost of replacement is around $187,500. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $187,500 Source of cost estimate: Manufacturer s data and similar projects; RS Means Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using nameplate data taken and the billing analysis. SWA estimated 280,000 kwh savings based on equipment hours of operation of 2000hrs/year, and 0.7kW/ton savings, using a 75% diversity factor. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy Electric Water-Cooled chillers, 0.49kW/ton for 150 to 300 tons chiller capacity, $51/ton. Maximum incentive amount is $10,200. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 41/76

42 ECM #17: Replace One of the Existing Gas Boiler with Condensing Boiler The existing HB Smith boilers were installed in 1971 and have passed the end of their useful life. From the heating usage pattern of the building, SWA inferred that only one boiler is sufficient to meet the heating load for the building. Hence, SWA recommends replacing only the lead boiler under this measure. The initial efficiency of the existing boiler was approximately 80%, which is now estimated to be only around 65% due to performance degradation over time. SWA analyzed the economics of replacing and upgrading the boiler with new condensing technology. Condensing boilers allow condensation of moisture in flue gases resulting in lower flue gas temperatures with increased efficiencies up to 95%. The new high efficiency condensing boilers should have a guaranteed minimum thermal efficiency of 85% and efficiencies of up to 95% achievable during condensing mode at lower return water temperatures. Suggested new boiler capacity is about 2000MBH. SWA determined the simple payback of replacing the existing steam boiler with a hot water boiler to be around 6.2 years as per the Economics below. This measure cannot be carried out just as recommended; it will also require some capital improvement associated with a changeover of steam pipes and coils to hot water pipes and coils. The estimated cost of this replacement is $200,000, and results in a simple payback of around 23 years with all the factors considered. This measure can be immediately carried for the 640 Broad Street building as this is hot water heated it will require removing the existing heat exchanger and piping the new boiler directly to the pipes currently connected to the heat exchanger. Installation cost Estimated installed cost: $67,500 (estimated labor cost of $18,500) Source of cost estimate: RS Means and similar projects Economics: Assumptions: SWA assumed the efficiency of the new condensing boilers as 92% for calculating the therms saved, and that of the existing boiler as 65%. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Gas-fired boilers 1500 MBH MBH ($1.00 per MBH) Maximum incentive amount is $2,000. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 42/76

43 ECM#18: Retro-Commissioning of HVAC Systems Retro-commissioning is a process that seeks to improve how building equipment and systems function together. Depending on the age of the building, retro-commissioning can often resolve problems that occurred during design or construction and/or address problems that have developed throughout the building s life. Owners often undertake retro-commissioning to optimize building systems, reduce operating costs, and address comfort complaints from building occupants. Since the HVAC systems at the McDade Administration building were installed in 1971 and have not been commissioned since, SWA recommends undertaking retro-commissioning to optimize system operation. The retro-commissioning process should include a review of existing operational parameters for both newer and older installed equipment. During retro-commissioning, the individual loop temperatures and setback schedules should also be reviewed to identify opportunities for optimizing system performance, besides air balancing and proper operation of the dampers. In particular, for retro-commissioning to be highly effective, it is best to conduct a ventilation requirement study as per ASHRAE 62.1 standard to allow proper settings for the ventilation dampers. In particular, SWA recommends conducting steam trap inspection as part of retro-commissioning. In steam distribution systems, steam traps are blamed for wasting a large amount of energy. Traps are put into place to capture and remove condensate water from the lines in order to avoid problems such as water hammer (pressure rise) and thermal shock (thermal stress) in the system. When a trap inevitably fails, instead of simply draining the system's condensate, live steam is vented or condensate is allowed to pass back into the system, both of which inhibit heat transfer needed for process temperature control. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $77,250 (includes $62,350 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Similar projects Economics: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 43/76

44 Assumptions: Since the utility bills have some accounting fluctuations, it is difficult to determine the amount of energy used for heating and cooling for the Administration building. Based on experience with similar buildings, SWA estimated the heating and cooling energy consumption. Typical savings for retro-commissioning range from 5-20%, as a percentage of the total space conditioning consumption. SWA assumed 5% savings for both electricity and natural gas. Estimated costs for retro-commissioning range from $0.50-$2.00 per square foot. SWA assumed $0.75 per square foot of a total square footage of 103,000. Rebates/financial incentives: There are no incentives currently for this measure. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 44/76

45 ECM#19: Install a 30 kw solar photovoltaic rooftop system Description: Currently, the building does not use any renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic (PV) panels can be mounted on the building roof facing south which can offset a portion of the purchased electricity for the building. Power stations generally have two separate electrical charges: usage and demand. Usage is the amount of electricity in kilowatt-hours that a building uses from month to month. Demand is the amount of electrical power that a building uses at any given instance in a month period. During the summer periods, electric demand at a power station is high, due to the amount of air conditioners, lights, and other equipment being used within the region. Demand charges increase to offset the utility s cost to provide enough electricity at that given time. Photovoltaic systems offset the amount of electricity used by a building and help to reduce the building s electric demand, resulting in a higher cost savings. Installing a PV system will offset electric demand and reduce annual electric consumption, while utilizing available state incentives. PV systems are modular and readily allow for future expansions. The size of the system was determined considering the available roof surface area, without compromising service space for roof equipment and safety, as well as the facilities annual base load and mode of operation. A PV system could be installed on a portion of the roof with panels facing south. A commercial multi-crystalline 230 watt panel has 17.5 square feet of surface area (providing 13.1 watts per square foot). A 30 kw system needs approximately 131 panels which would take up 2,293 square feet. SWA found the available roof area for solar panels to be 18,000 square feet which could accommodate up to 200 kw of solar panels. The price of a 200 kw system is $1.1M, and the payback comes to 5.7 years. SWA considered the 30kW option because of lower capital investment cost. A PV system would reduce the building's electric load and allow more capacity for surrounding buildings as well as serve as an example of energy efficiency for the community. The building is not eligible for a residential 30% federal tax credit. The building owner may want to consider applying for a grant and / or engage a PV generator / leaser who would install the PV system and then sell the power at a reduced rate. Typically, a major utility provides the ability to buy SREC s at $600/MWh or best market offer. However, this option is not available from the local utility. Please see below for more information. Please note that this analysis did not consider the structural capability of the existing building to support the above recommended system. SWA recommends that the County of Mercer contract with a structural engineer to determine if additional building structure is required to support the recommended system and what costs would be associated with incorporating the additional supports prior to system installation. Should additional costs be identified, the County of Mercer should include these costs in the financial analysis of the project. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $157,500 (including $49,480 total labor cost) Source of cost estimate: Similar projects Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 45/76

46 Economics: Assumptions: SWA estimated the cost and savings of the system based on past PV projects. SWA projected physical dimensions based on a typical Polycrystalline Solar Panel (230 Watts, model #ND-U230C1). PV systems are sized based on Watts and physical dimensions for an array will differ with the efficiency of a given solar panel (W/sq ft). Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Renewable Energy Incentive Program, Incentive based on $0.75 / watt Solar PV application for systems 30 kw or less. Incentive amount for this application is $22,500 for the proposed option. NJ Clean Energy - Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program. Each time a solar electric system generates 1,000kWh (1MWh) of electricity, a SREC is issued which can then be sold or traded separately from the power. The buildings must also become netmetered in order to earn SRECs as well as sell power back to the electric grid. A total annual SREC credit of $21,000 has been incorporated in the above costs however it requires proof of performance, application approval and negotiations with the utility. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 46/76

47 PROPOSED FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS Capital Improvements Capital Improvements are recommendations for the building that may not be cost-effective at the current time, but that could yield a significant long-term payback. These recommendations should typically be considered as part of a long-term capital improvement plan. Capital improvements should be considered if additional funds are made available, or if the installed costs can be shared with other improvements, such as major building renovations. SWA recommends the following capital improvements for the McDade Administration Building: Install a new Direct Digital Control (DDC) Building Automation System (BAS) - The heating and cooling equipment is controlled by a manual, pneumatic controls system, which actuates steam valves, hot water heating valves, and various sensors and thermostats. The present system has limited capability for setting occupied/unoccupied mode settings. SWA recommends the County of Mercer to install a new DDC BAS system to monitor and control the HVAC systems. The BAS should be programmable with occupied/unoccupied modes settings, and night-setback schedules for building HVAC system. Space temperature sensors individually and collectively should report to the BAS, which in turn would control the heating and cooling valves on HVAC equipment. The new system would operate the HVAC system tightly and reduce wasteful energy. The expected cost of such a system is approximately $1.0M, and energy savings alone would not justify the investment. Convert steam system to hot water system steam is used mainly in the 612 Broad Street building to provide heat to the building. Steam systems are generally inefficient because a lot of heat is wasted in the steam condensate and piping. Further, steam traps have to be frequently monitored to prevent the leakage and wastage of expensively generated steam. Hot water system, in contrast, is easy to manage and more energy efficient. Converting the current steam to hot water system would required a change of steam coils to hot water coils, and installation of new hot water piping. The expected cost of this changeover is approximately $200,000. Replace air handling units the two AHUs that serve the 640 Broad Street building were installed in 1971 and are operating beyond the expected service life of an AHU of 15 years. SWA recommends replacing these AHUs with new ones at an estimated cost of $250,000 as part of capital improvement. It is important to note that this measure alone is not highly recommended; it may be more beneficial to re-zone the AHUs, and incorporate variable air volume boxes for better control of space comfort. This capital improvement would likely alleviate the occupant complaints of overheating/overcooling in different parts of the building. Replace cooling towers there are two cooling towers one in each of 640 and 612 Broad Street buildings. Both towers were installed prior to 1970 and are operating beyond their expected service life.swa recommends replacing both cooling towers as part of end of life improvement. Energy savings alone would not justify the replacement, and hence it must be undertaken as part of capital improvement. Estimated cost to replace both cooling towers is about $60,000. Replace building pumps there are two condenser water pumps, and two chilled water pumps which were originally installed in 1970 and are operating beyond their expected service lives. SWA recommends replacing all four pumps with new in-kind pumps. The energy savings from replacements would be marginal and hence this must be taken up as a capital improvement. The expected installed cost of this replacement is $60,000.

48 Replace exhaust fans there are four exhaust fans in the building operating beyond the expected service life of a ventilation fan of 10 years. SWA recommends replacing these fans in kind as part of capital improvement as energy savings are negligible. The estimated installed cost of eight new fans is $3,000. Replace air conditioning units in server room the existing split units in the server room are undersized for the cooling load. Hence, the server room has been equipped with two portable type air conditioners to provide additional cooling. The existing units and a/c system are not well suited for this application. Liebert type computer room a/c units are more appropriate. SWA recommends that a proper load study be done before installing new Liebert units. The replacement cannot be justified on energy savings alone and must be undertaken as part of capital improvement. Estimated cost of replacement is approximately $14,000. Install premium motors when replacements are required - Select NEMA Premium motors when replacing motors that have reached the end of their useful operating lives. Efflorescence-coated brick and masonry materials need to dry out, and possible cause of water infiltration into wall cavities should be investigated. Operations and Maintenance Operations and Maintenance measures consist of low/no cost measures that are within the capability of the current building staff to handle. These measures typically require little investment, and they yield a short payback period. These measures may address equipment settings or staff operations that, when addressed will reduce energy consumption or costs. Inspect and maintain surrounding vegetation - overgrown ground vegetation should be trimmed/removed to not touch or block exterior wall surfaces from access, ventilation and sunlight. Maintain roofs - SWA recommends regular maintenance to verify water is draining correctly. Maintain downspouts and cap flashing - Repair/install missing downspouts and cap flashing as needed to prevent water/moisture infiltration and insulation damage. SWA recommends round downspout elbows to minimize clogging. Provide weather-stripping/air-sealing - SWA observed that exterior door weather-stripping was beginning to deteriorate in places. Doors and vestibules should be observed annually for deficient weather-stripping and replaced as needed. The perimeter of all window frames should also be regularly inspected, and any missing or deteriorated caulking should be re-caulked to provide an unbroken seal around the window frames. Any other accessible gaps or penetrations in the thermal envelope penetrations should also be sealed with caulk or spray foam. Repair/seal wall cracks and penetrations - SWA recommends as part of the maintenance program installing weep holes, installing proper flashing and correct masonry efflorescence, and sealing wall cracks and penetrations wherever necessary in order to keep insulation dry and effective. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 48/76

49 Openings around window air-conditioning units need airtight gaskets/sealants for optimal all year performance. Insulated hoods should be installed during winter months if removing the units is not an option. Repair window sills to reduce water damage to surround exterior walls - install/repair pan or strip flashing and drip edge detail at window sill. Provide water-efficient fixtures and controls - Adding controlled on/off timers on all lavatory faucets is a cost-effective way to reduce domestic hot water demand and save water. Building staff can also easily install faucet aerators and/or low-flow fixtures to reduce water consumption. There are many retrofit options, which can be installed now or incorporated as equipment is replaced. Routine maintenance practices that identify and quickly address water leaks are a low-cost way to save water and energy. Retrofitting with more efficient water-consumption fixtures/appliances will reduce energy consumption for water heating, while also decreasing water/sewer bills. SWA recommends that the building considers purchasing the most energy-efficient equipment, including ENERGY STAR labeled appliances, when equipment is installed or replaced. More information can be found in the Products section of the ENERGY STAR website at: Use smart power electric strips - in conjunction with occupancy sensors to power down computer equipment when left unattended for extended periods of time. Create an energy educational program - that teaches how to minimize energy use. The U.S. Department of Energy offers free information for hosting energy efficiency educational programs and plans. For more information please visit: Note: The recommended ECMs and the list above are cost-effective energy efficiency measures and building upgrades that will reduce operating expenses for County of Mercer. Based on the requirements of the LGEA program, County of Mercer must commit to implementing some of these measures, and must submit paperwork to the Local Government Energy Audit program within one year of this report s approval to demonstrate that they have spent, net of other NJCEP incentives, at least 25% of the cost of the audit (per building). The minimum amount to be spent, net of other NJCEP incentives, is $5,233. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 49/76

50 APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 50/76

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52 Note: The remaining useful life of a system (in %) is an estimate based on the system date of built and existing conditions derived from visual inspection. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 52/76

53 Appendix B: Lighting Study

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62 APPENDIX C: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS Third Party Electric Suppliers for PSEG Service Territory Telephone & Web Site Hess Corporation (800) Hess Plaza Woodbridge, NJ American Powernet Management, LP (877) North Grove St. Berlin, NJ BOC Energy Services, Inc. (800) Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, NJ Commerce Energy, Inc. (800) Route 9 South, Suite Freehold, NJ ConEdison Solutions (888) State Highway 38 Cherry Hill, NJ Constellation NewEnergy, Inc. (888) A Lake Street, Suite 2 Ramsey, NJ Credit Suisse, (USA) Inc. (212) College Road East Princeton, NJ Direct Energy Services, LLC (866) Wood Avenue, Suite Iselin, NJ FirstEnergy Solutions (800) Madison Avenue Morristown, NJ Glacial Energy of New Jersey, Inc. (877) LaRoche Avenue Harrington Park, NJ Metro Energy Group, LLC (888) Washington Place Hackensack, NJ Integrys Energy Services, Inc. (877) Wood Ave, South, Suite Iselin, NJ Liberty Power Delaware, LLC (866) Park 80 West Plaza II, Suite Saddle Brook, NJ Liberty Power Holdings, LLC (800) Park 80 West Plaza II, Suite Saddle Brook, NJ 07663

63 Third Party Electric Suppliers for PSEG Service Territory Telephone & Web Site Pepco Energy Services, Inc. (800) Main St. Lebanon, NJ PPL EnergyPlus, LLC (800) Church Road Cherry Hill, NJ Sempra Energy Solutions (877) Main Street, 8th Floor Woodbridge, NJ South Jersey Energy Company (800) One South Jersey Plaza, Route 54 Folsom, NJ Sprague Energy Corp. (800) Ridge Road Chatham Township, NJ Strategic Energy, LLC (888) Madison Avenue, Suite Morristown, NJ Suez Energy Resources NA, Inc. (888) Thornall Street, 6th Floor Edison, NJ UGI Energy Services, Inc. (856) East Main Street, Suite 1 Moorestown, NJ Third Party Gas Suppliers for PSEG Service Territory Telephone & Web Site Cooperative Industries (800) Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ Direct Energy Services, LLC (866) Wood Avenue, Suite Iselin, NJ Dominion Retail, Inc. (866) Highway 170, Suite Lakewood, NJ Gateway Energy Services Corp. (800) Whispering Pines Lane Lakewood, NJ UGI Energy Services, Inc. (856) East Main Street, Suite 1 Moorestown, NJ Great Eastern Energy (888) Village Riva, Suite Princeton, NJ Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 63/76

64 Third Party Gas Suppliers for PSEG Service Territory Telephone & Web Site Hess Corporation (800) Hess Plaza Woodbridge, NJ Hudson Energy Services, LLC (877) Route 17 South Ridgewood, NJ Intelligent Energy (800) Center Avenue, Suite Fort Lee, NJ Keil & Sons (877) Bergen Blvd. Fairview, NJ Metro Energy Group, LLC (888) Washington Place Hackensack, NJ MxEnergy, Inc. (800) Thornall Street, Suite Edison, NJ NATGASCO (Mitchell Supreme) (800) Freeman Street Orange, NJ Pepco Energy Services, Inc. (800) Main Street Lebanon, NJ PPL EnergyPlus, LLC (800) Church Road Cherry Hill, NJ Sempra Energy Solutions (877) Main Street, 8th Floor Woodbridge, NJ South Jersey Energy Company (800) One South Jersey Plaza, Route 54 Folsom, NJ Sprague Energy Corp. (800) Ridge Road Chatham Township, NJ Stuyvesant Energy LLC (800) West Ivy Lane, Suite 4 Englewood, NJ Woodruff Energy (800) Water Street Bridgeton, NJ Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 64/76

65 APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS Net ECM Cost: The net ECM cost is the cost experienced by the customer, which is typically the total cost (materials + labor) of installing the measure minus any available incentives. Both the total cost and the incentive amounts are expressed in the summary for each ECM. Annual Energy Cost Savings (AECS): This value is determined by the audit firm based on the calculated energy savings (kwh or Therm) of each ECM and the calculated energy costs of the building. Lifetime Energy Cost Savings (LECS): This measure estimates the energy cost savings over the lifetime of the ECM. It can be a simple estimation based on fixed energy costs. If desired, this value can factor in an annual increase in energy costs as long as the source is provided. Simple Payback: This is a simple measure that displays how long the ECM will take to breakeven based on the annual energy and maintenance savings of the measure. ECM Lifetime: This is included with each ECM so that the owner can see how long the ECM will be in place and whether or not it will exceed the simple payback period. Additional guidance for calculating ECM lifetimes can be found below. This value can come from manufacturer s rated lifetime or warranty, the ASHRAE rated lifetime, or any other valid source. Operating Cost Savings (OCS): This calculation is an annual operating savings for the ECM. It is the difference in the operating, maintenance, and / or equipment replacement costs of the existing case versus the ECM. In the case where an ECM lifetime will be longer than the existing measure (such as LED lighting versus fluorescent) the operating savings will factor in the cost of replacing the units to match the lifetime of the ECM. In this case or in one where one-time repairs are made, the total replacement / repair sum is averaged over the lifetime of the ECM. Return on Investment (ROI): The ROI is expresses the percentage return of the investment based on the lifetime cost savings of the ECM. This value can be included as an annual or lifetime value, or both. Net Present Value (NPV): The NPV calculates the present value of an investment s future cash flows based on the time value of money, which is accounted for by a discount rate (assumes bond rate of 3.2%). Internal Rate of Return (IRR): The IRR expresses an annual rate that results in a break-even point for the investment. If the owner is currently experiencing a lower return on their capital than the IRR, the project is financially advantageous. This measure also allows the owner to compare ECMs against each other to determine the most appealing choices. Gas Rate and Electric Rate ($/therm and $/kwh): The gas rate and electric rate used in the financial analysis is the total annual energy cost divided by the total annual energy usage for the 12 month billing period studied. The graphs of the monthly gas and electric rates reflect the total monthly energy costs divided by the monthly usage, and display how the average rate fluctuates throughout the year. The average annual rate is the only rate used in energy savings calculations. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 65/76

66 Calculation References Term ECM AOCS AECS LOCS* LECS LCS NPV IRR DR Net ECM Cost LECS AOCS LCS Simple Payback Lifetime ROI Annual ROI Definition Energy Conservation Measure Annual Operating Cost Savings Annual Energy Cost Savings Lifetime Operating Cost Savings Lifetime Energy Cost Savings Lifetime Cost Savings Net Present Value Internal Rate of Return Discount Rate Total ECM Cost Incentive AECS X ECM Lifetime LOCS / ECM Lifetime LOCS+LECS Net ECM Cost / (AECS + AOCS) (LECS + LOCS Net ECM Cost) / Net ECM Cost (Lifetime ROI / Lifetime) = [(AECS + OCS) / Net ECM Cost (1 / Lifetime)] * The lifetime operating cost savings are all avoided operating, maintenance, and/or component replacement costs over the lifetime of the ECM. This can be the sum of any annual operating savings, recurring or bulk (i.e. one-time repairs) maintenance savings, or the savings that comes from avoiding equipment replacement needed for the existing measure to meet the lifetime of the ECM (e.g. lighting change outs). Excel NPV and IRR Calculation In Excel, function =IRR (values) and =NPV (rate, values) are used to quickly calculate the IRR and NPV of a series of annual cash flows. The investment cost will typically be a negative cash flow at year 0 (total cost - incentive) with years 1 through the lifetime receiving a positive cash flow from the annual energy cost savings and annual maintenance savings. The calculations in the example below are for an ECM that saves $850 annually in energy and maintenance costs (over a 10 year lifetime) and takes $5,000 to purchase and install after incentives: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 66/76

67 Solar PV ECM Calculation There are several components to the calculation: Costs: Material of PV system including panels, mounting and net-metering + Labor Energy Savings: Reduction of kwh electric cost for life of panel, 25 years Incentive 1: NJ Renewable Energy Incentive Program (REIP), for systems of size 30kW or less, $0.75/Watt incentive subtracted from installation cost Incentive 2: Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) Market-rate incentive. Calculations assume $600/Megawatt hour consumed per year for a maximum of 15 years; added to annual energy cost savings for a period of 15 years. (Megawatt hour used is rounded to nearest 1,000 kwh) Assumptions: A Solar Pathfinder device is used to analyze site shading for the building and determine maximum amount of full load operation based on available sunlight. When the Solar Pathfinder device is not implemented, amount of full load operation based on available sunlight is assumed to be 1,180 hours in New Jersey. Total lifetime PV energy cost savings = kwh produced by panel * [$/kwh cost * 25 years + $600/Megawatt hour /1000 * 15 years] ECM and Equipment Lifetimes Determining a lifetime for equipment and ECM s can sometimes be difficult. The following table contains a list of lifetimes that the NJCEP uses in its commercial and industrial programs. Other valid sources are also used to determine lifetimes, such as the DOE, ASHRAE, or the manufacturer s warranty. Lighting is typically the most difficult lifetime to calculate because the fixture, ballast, and bulb can all have different lifetimes. Essentially the ECM analysis will have different operating cost savings (avoided equipment replacement) depending on which lifetime is used. When the bulb lifetime is used (rated burn hours / annual burn hours), the operating cost savings is just reflecting the theoretical cost of replacing the existing case bulb and ballast over the life of the recommended bulb. Dividing by the bulb lifetime will give an annual operating cost savings. When a fixture lifetime is used (e.g. 15 years) the operating cost savings reflects the avoided bulb and ballast replacement cost of the existing case over 15 years minus the projected bulb and ballast replacement cost of the proposed case over 15 years. This will give the difference of the equipment replacement costs between the proposed and existing cases and when divided by 15 years will give the annual operating cost savings. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 67/76

68 New Jersey Clean Energy Program Commercial & Industrial Lifetimes Measure Life Span Commercial Lighting New 15 Commercial Lighting Remodel/Replacement 15 Commercial Custom New 18 Commercial Chiller Optimization 18 Commercial Unitary HVAC New - Tier 1 15 Commercial Unitary HVAC Replacement - Tier 1 15 Commercial Unitary HVAC New - Tier 2 15 Commercial Unitary HVAC Replacement Tier 2 15 Commercial Chillers New 25 Commercial Chillers Replacement 25 Commercial Small Motors (1-10 HP) New or Replacement 20 Commercial Medium Motors (11-75 HP) New or Replacement 20 Commercial Large Motors ( HP) New or Replacement 20 Commercial VSDs New 15 Commercial VSDs Retrofit 15 Commercial Comprehensive New Construction Design 18 Commercial Custom Replacement 18 Industrial Lighting New 15 Industrial Lighting Remodel/Replacement 15 Industrial Unitary HVAC New - Tier 1 15 Industrial Unitary HVAC Replacement - Tier 1 15 Industrial Unitary HVAC New - Tier 2 15 Industrial Unitary HVAC Replacement Tier 2 15 Industrial Chillers New 25 Industrial Chillers Replacement 25 Industrial Small Motors (1-10 HP) New or Replacement 20 Industrial Medium Motors (11-75 HP) New or Replacement 20 Industrial Large Motors ( HP) New or Replacement 20 Industrial VSDs New 15 Industrial VSDs Retrofit 15 Industrial Custom Non-Process 18 Industrial Custom Process 10 Small Commercial Gas Furnace New or Replacement 20 Small Commercial Gas Boiler New or Replacement 20 Small Commercial Gas DHW New or Replacement 10 C&I Gas Absorption Chiller New or Replacement 25 C&I Gas Custom New or Replacement (Engine Driven Chiller) 25 C&I Gas Custom New or Replacement (Gas Efficiency Measures) 18 O&M savings 3 Compressed Air (GWh participant) 8 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 68/76

69 APPENDIX E: STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE FROM ENERGY STAR Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 69/76

70 APPENDIX F: INCENTIVE PROGRAMS New Jersey Clean Energy Pay for Performance The NJ Clean Energy Pay for Performance (P4P) Program relies on a network of Partners who provide technical services to clients. LGEA participating clients who are not receiving Direct Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants are eligible for P4P. SWA is an eligible Partner and can develop an Energy Reduction Plan for each project with a whole-building traditional energy audit, a financial plan for funding the energy measures and an installation construction schedule. The Energy Reduction Plan must define a comprehensive package of measures capable of reducing a building s energy consumption by 15+%. P4P incentives are awarded upon the satisfactory completion of three program milestones: submittal of an Energy Reduction Plan prepared by an approved Program Partner, installation of the recommended measures, and completion of a Post-Construction Benchmarking Report. The incentives for electricity and natural gas savings will be paid based on actual savings, provided that the minimum 15%performance threshold savings has been achieved. For further information, please see: Direct Install 2010 Program* Direct Install is a division of the New Jersey Clean Energy Programs Smart Start Buildings. It is a turn-key program for small to mid-sized facilities to aid in upgrading equipment to more efficient types. It is designed to cut overall energy costs by upgrading lighting, HVAC, and other equipment with energy efficient alternatives. The program pays up to 60% of the retrofit costs, including equipment cost and installation costs. Eligibility: Existing small and mid-sized commercial and industrial facilities with peak electrical demand below 200 kw within 12 months of applying Must be located in New Jersey Must be served by one of the state s public, regulated or natural gas companies For the most up to date information on contractors in New Jersey who participate in this program, go to: or visit the utility web sites. Smart Start New Jersey s SmartStart Building Program is administered by New Jersey s Office of Clean Energy. The program also offers design support for larger projects and technical assistance for smaller projects. If your project specifications do not fit into anything defined by the program, there are even incentives available for custom projects. There are a number of improvement options for commercial, industrial, institutional, government, and agricultural projects throughout New Jersey. Alternatives are designed to Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 70/76

71 enhance quality while building in energy efficiency to save money. Project categories included in this program are New Construction and Additions, Renovations, Remodeling and Equipment Replacement. For the most up to date information on how to participate in this program, go to: Renewable Energy Incentive Program* The Renewable Energy Incentive Program (REIP) provides incentives that reduce the upfront cost of installing renewable energy systems, including solar, wind, and sustainable biomass. Incentives vary depending upon technology, system size, and building type. Current incentive levels, participation information, and application forms can be found at the website listed below. Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) represent all the clean energy benefits of electricity generated from a solar energy system. SRECs can be sold or traded separately from the power, providing owners a source of revenue to help offset the cost of installation. All solar project owners in New Jersey with electric distribution grid-connected systems are eligible to generate SRECs. Each time a system generates 1,000 kwh of electricity an SREC is earned and placed in the customer's account on the web-based SREC tracking system. For the most up to date information on how to participate in this program, go to: Utility Sponsored Programs Check with your local utility companies for further opportunities that may be available. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Rebate Program The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) Rebate Program provides supplemental funding up to $20,000 for eligible New Jersey local government entities to lower the cost of installing energy conservation measures. Funding for the EECBG Rebate Program is provided through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). For the most up to date information on how to participate in this program, go to: Other Federal and State Sponsored Programs Other federal and state sponsored funding opportunities may be available, including BLOCK and R&D grant funding. For more information, please check *Subject to availability. Incentive program timelines might not be sufficient to meet the 25% in 12 months spending requirement outlined in the LGEA program. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report County of Mercer McDade Administration Building Page 71/76

72 APPENDIX G: EnergyMiser Devices Savings Calculations

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74 APPENDIX H: ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

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