Anna Maria Sundin Malmö, Sweden November 8, 2017
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1 MICRO PLASTICS IN SWEDEN: SOURCES AND MEASURES TO DECREASE THE RELEASE INTO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT Anna Maria Sundin Malmö, Sweden November 8, 2017 Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
2 Marine littering and plastics Marine littering is one of the biggest environmental problems Plastics are the most common litter in the oceans (60-90%) UNEP 2016: Micro plastics are an emerging issue of environmental concern Global SDG s and Agenda 2030: Goal 14 Life below water Decrease the amount of marine littering from land based sources by 2025 Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
3 What are microplastics? Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm Particles solid particulates e g fibers, fragments, flakes Plastic broad def. incl. man-made polymers, deriving from petroleum or petroleum by-products, but also nonsynthetic polymers like natural rubber and polymer modified bitumen Primary microplastics Intentionally produced micro plastic particles Secondary micro plastics Produced by: Wear and tear of plastic items Fragmentation of plastic litter Size, shape and density of the particles important factors for the possible pathways Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 3
4 Comission about micro plastics The Swedish government has recognized challenges with micro plastics in the aquatic environment Governmental commission to the Swedish EPA: Identify sources and pathways and suggest measures to reduce the amount of micro plastics in the aquatic environment Summary of best available technology for removal of micro plastics in WWTP Overview of international activities and possible actions in the EU and international arena Delivered by the Swedish EPA in June Report Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
5 Background reports Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
6 The environmental effects of micro plastics Micro plastics are found everywhere in the environment Intake and accumulation of plastics was found for filter organisms, invertebrates, fish, mammals and birds Risk of plastic particles binding toxic substances in the environment Not possible to quantify the risks due to knowledge and data gaps Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
7 Sources of micro plastics from landbased sources to the sea PATHWAYS Air deposit Stormwater runoff Wastewater treatment plants Sewage sludge Snow deposit Bild: Maj Persson. Källa F. Norén, Östersjöseminariet 2015 Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
8 Key sources of micro plastics in Sweden Industrial production and management of primary plastics Roads- and tyres Artificial turf pitches Washing of synthetics Boat hull paint Littering Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
9 Microplastics from road wear and tyres Estimated as the biggest land based source Storm water run off the main pathway Amount that reaches oceans, lakes and waterways =?? Emissions occur during road running when friction between tire and roadway is created. Factors such as tire and road characteristics, driving style and traffic volume affect the emissions Measures should be taken to prevent particles from being formed by wear and tear in parallel to prevent particles from spreading to the environment Proposed commission to the National Road and Transport Research Institute Naturvårdsvket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
10 Micro plastics from artificial turf pitches Large source of micro plastics to the environment Rubber granules used as in-fill Uncertanties Magnitude of loss Content of hazardous substances in different types of rubber granules Pathways where does it end up? Operators need to take measures to reduce the loss and spreading of rubber granules to the environment Relatively straight-forward measures available, for ex education of personel and hard surface for storing snow Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
11 Storm water run off as a pathway Storm water run off is an important pathway of micro plastics Historically a hydraulic issue, but an increased focus on stormwater as a pathway of pollutants Important to find actions near the source where the particles are generated Aspects when considering measures of storm water treatment: for example mapping of pollutants and concentrations, sitespecific conditions and recipient status Commission about storm water delivered in september 2017: Analysis of the state of knowledge of storm water challenge Unclear responsibilities an investigation about the legislation concerning stormwater is suggested Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
12 Conventional wastewater treatment plant Designed for sewage treatment of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter Efficient removal of particles - the major part of micro plastics are removed Important to reduce the sewage overflows For complete separation of micro particles ultra filtration is needed Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
13 Proposed actions concerning micro plastics in stormwater and wastewater Harmonized definitions and measurement Research on micro particles Demand for Plan for prevention of unwanted substances ( Upstream work ) Stormwater overflows guidance for increased control Technology development of advanced treatment of stormwater and wastewater Pre-procurement purchaser s group Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
14 Per-procurement purchasing group A multi-year collaboration between various procurement organizations, such as state, business and academia. Provides the possibility for public entities to jointly make needs analyzes, prepare strategic choices, set requirements for different procurement and make demonstrations as well as correct market barriers. Provides a basis for the participants to jointly or individually carry out procurement. Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
15 What can be done on an international level? Regional action plans of HELCOM and OSPAR Nordic plastic strategy EU circular economy strategy for plastics Together with the Swedish Energy agency: Investigate the EUs energy labelling of tyres possible to include tire durability? Developing eco-design rules for washing machines Synergies when implementing the marine directive, water framework directive and wastewater directive Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
16 The work continues Build a knowledge base Continued environmental monitoring and research Research call Budget bill autumn 2017: Clean ocean and Plastics in focus, ex Stormwater runoff treatment Textiles Governmental investigation (SOU) about the environmental effects of plastics 1 okt 2018 Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
17 Final words to summarize Micro plastics are put on the agenda Problem across all sectors of society Work with: Knowledge-building Per-procurement purchasing group Guidance Information Actions in the EU and international arenas Take advantages of synergies and work together Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
18 THANK YOU! Anna Maria Sundin Sustainability development unit, Swedish EPA +46 (0) Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
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