Making effective powerpoint-based presentations

Transcription

1 Making effective powerpoint-based presentations Bruce E. Logan Penn State University Engineering Environmental Institute 1

2 Consider first the slide background 2

3 Can you really read this very well? Careful NOT to have too busy a background in the slide. 3

4 Some slide formats use a lot of room The first thing you write is already 1/3 down the page. This means your most important material is on the bottom of the slide, which may be difficult to see. 4

5 Thinking about ways to present your data The colors you can use depends on the background! 5

6 Thinking about ways to present your data The colors you can use depends on the background! 6

7 Thinking about ways to present your data The colors you can use depends on the background! 7

8 Thinking about ways to present your data The colors you can use depends on the background! 8

9 Thinking about ways to present your data The colors you can use depends on the background! 9

10 Oil and Fossil Fuels Global industrial growth is increasing the demand for fossil fuels and energy Peak in US oil production 3 years ago produced a crisis Global production of oil will peak in the next 1 to 2 years CO 2 emissions continue to increase causing climate change Energy alternatives that exist (nuclear, coal, oil shale, methane hydrates?) pose continued environmental challenges. 1

11 Oil and Fossil Fuels Global industrial growth is increasing the demand for fossil fuels and energy Peak in US oil production 3 years ago produced a crisis Global production of oil will peak in the next 1 to 2 years CO 2 emissions continue to increase causing climate change Energy alternatives that exist (nuclear, coal, oil shale, methane hydrates?) pose continued environmental challenges. 11

12 Oil and Fossil Fuels Global industrial growth is increasing the demand Choose for fossil fonts fuels and that are energy clear (these letters Peak in US oil production 3 years ago produced are a crisis too close). Global production of oil will peak in the next 1 to 2 years CO 2 emissions continue to increase causing climate change Energy alternatives that exist (nuclear, coal, oil shale, methane hydrates?) pose continued environmental challenges. Use a bigger font rather than a bold font (these are too bold) 12

13 Do NOT use a slide like this that has no real information Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements 13

14 Do indicate different subjects that you might cover How an MFC works Laboratory tests using a single substrate Pilot scale tests using industrial wastewaters 14

15 Graphs: If you use the Excel default font size, it is probably too small! 15

16 V-Tr eated.1 V-Untr eated P-Tr eated P-Untr eated Current density (ma cm -2 ) 16

17 V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Current density (ma cm -2 ) 5 17

18 Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Power density (mw m -2 ) Current density (ma cm -2 ) 18

19 Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Power density (mw m -2 ) Current density (ma cm -2 ) 19

20 Cell Voltage (V) Do not use decimal places when they are not needed! V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Current density (ma cm -2 ) Power density (mw m -2 ) 2

21 The ppt software chooses your graph size but don t let it! V-Tr eated V-T r eated.1 V-Untr eated P-Tr eated.1 V-Untr eated P-T r eated P-Untr eated Current densit y (ma cm -2 ) P-Untr eated Current densit y (ma cm -2 ) 21

22 You can put two graphs side-by side, with the right font size. A background color can be helpful to emphasize one graph over another Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Power density (mw m -2 ) Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Power density (mw m -2 ) Current density (ma cm -2 ) Current density (ma cm -2 ) 22

23 Ammonia treatment of the anode 2 cm Cell voltage (V) Treated Untreated Time (h) Anode Carbon cloth electrode Exposed to ammonia gas (5%) at 7 o C for 6 minutes Surface charge increased from from.38 to 4. meq m -2 Maximum power of 197 mw/m 2 (115 W/m 3 ) Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Current density (ma cm -2 ) Power density (mw m -2 ) Source: Cheng & Logan, Elec. Comm., (26)

24 Ammonia treatment of the anode 2 cm Cell voltage (V) Treated Untreated Time (h) Anode Carbon cloth electrode Exposed to ammonia gas (5%) at 7 o C for 6 minutes Surface charge increased from from.38 to 4. meq m -2 Maximum power of 197 mw/m 2 (115 W/m 3 ) Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Current density (ma cm -2 ) Power density (mw m -2 ) Source: Cheng & Logan, Elec. Comm., (26)

25 You can use appear to emphasize specific graphs during your talk 25

26 Ammonia treatment of the anode 2 cm Cell voltage (V) Treated Untreated Time (h) Anode Carbon cloth electrode Exposed to ammonia gas (5%) at 7 o C for 6 minutes Surface charge increased from from.38 to 4. meq m -2 Maximum power of 197 mw/m 2 (115 W/m 3 ) Cell Voltage (V) V-Treated V-Untreated P-Treated P-Untreated Current density (ma cm -2 ) Power density (mw m -2 ) Source: Cheng & Logan, Elec. Comm., (26)

27 Use motion paths and animation to help reinforce your point but don t overdo it! 27

28 Microbial Fuel Cells: Aqueous cathode load e - e - Fuel (wastes) Oxidation products (CO 2 ) Anode bacteria H + Cathode O 2 H 2 O Power =.1 4 mw/m 2 Proton exchange membrane (PEM) Source: Liu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., (24) 28

29 Air Cathode MFC e - load e - Cathode Fuel (wastes) Oxidation products (CO 2 ) Anode bacteria H + Oxidant (O 2 ) Reduced oxidant (H 2 O) Power = 5 mw/m 2 29

30 H 2 Day Activities Posters can be viewed all day 1:3 Panel Sessions 3:5 Laboratory tours 5:3 Reception 6:3 Dinner-- with Dan Desmond, PA Dept. Environmental Protection H2E Web page: Posters on H 2 Research Congressman Peterson Booths and Displays 3 (Industrial Research Office)

31 H 2 Day Activities Posters can be viewed all day 1:3 Panel Sessions 3:5 Laboratory tours 5:3 Reception 6:3 Dinner-- with Dan Desmond, PA Dept. Environmental Protection H2E Web page: Posters on H 2 Research Congressman Peterson Booths and Displays 31 (Industrial Research Office)

32 Take lots of pictures! 32

33 Nanowires on a MFC electrode Yuri Goby (25). Pres. DOE NABIR meeting, April 2, 8:1 am, Warrenton, VA. 33

34 Include pictures with graphs if it helps!.6 Power= 494 mw/m 2 (No PEM).5 No PEM Voltage (V) Nafion membrane Power= 25 mw/m 2 (PEM) Time (h) 34 Source: Liu & Logan, Environ. Sci. Technol. (24)

35 Match colors with graphs to help with complex figures Power Density (W/m3) Power Voltage (V) Hydrophobic tube cathode (CoTMPP, 113 m 2 /m 3 ) 16 W/m 3 Carbon flat cathode (Pt, 25 m 2 /m 3 ) 1 W/m Current (A/M 3 ) Voltage Hydrophilic Tube Cathode (CoTMPP, 84 m 2 /m 3 ) 9 W/m 3 Source: Zuo, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. (27) 35

36 Match colors with graphs to help with complex figures Flat Plate, continuous flow MFC Substrate FP-MFC (close spacing) SC-MFC (large spacing) Power (mw/m 2 ) Single chamber, continuous flow MFCs (SC MFC) Sources: FPMFC: Min & Logan, ES&T (24); SCMFC Liu et al. ES&T (24) 36

37 Cell voltage (V) Current density (ma cm -2 ) Power (mw m -2 ) 37

38 Cell voltage (V) Voltage Power density Current density (ma cm -2 ) Power (mw m -2 ) 38

39 Use a screen capture to obtain graphs or pictures from other documents 39

40 Screen capture from viewing a pdf file of a paper by Fan et al (28) 4

41 Use a motion path and multiple pictures to convey your point Source: Fan et al. (25), J. Power Sources 41

42 Before your presentation Check out the room you will present in before your presentation (arrive early) View your slides on the computer to make sure fonts and animation work correctly Determine microphone and pointer availability 42

43 Starting your presentation If your name and presentation title have just been given, don t repeat them (unless they are incorrect) If you are nervous, memorize your first two sentences after that, it gets easier. Adjust your explanation of material based on previous presenters (if they just explained how an MFC works, don t spend much time on it) 43

44 Speaking pointers Look at your audience Talk to the audience, not the projector screen behind you. Use the laptop screen as your teleprompter as it is in front of you. Consider using the mouse as a pointer instead of a laser pointer so you don t have to turn around 44

45 When using a microphone Keep a constant distance to the podium microphone If using a mobile microphone, don t change your voice direction relative to the location of the microphone Put the microphone on the side that is closest to the projector screen 45

46 Make the point of your slide clear, so that the slide is understood even if the audience has trouble understanding your accent 46

47 Power production in MFCs worldwide under optimal conditions (only oxygen cathodes) Power density (mw/m 2 ) Previous studies Recent studies Small anode Year - Maximum estimated to be 17 W/m mw/m 2 (Anode 1/14 th the size of the cathode) = 49 mw/m 2 based on cathode size -27 mw/m 2 (equally sized electrodes) The text on the right makes the main points that we are trying to show in the graph Logan (28), in preparation 47

48 Predict: Reducing electrode spacing increases power Power= mw/m 2 (4 cm 2 cm) 14 Power denisty (mw/m 2 ) cm-3 2 cm-3 2 cm- 4 cm Cathode 4 cm 2 cm Prediction verified: power increased with decreased electrode spacing Anode Current density (ma/cm 2 ) Source: Liu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. (25) 48

49 When answering questions Don t rush into an explanation think for a few moments. It is okay. If the questions may not be clear to others, restate the question. This can also help you to focus on the main points. Putting slide numbers on your slides helps people to ask about specific slidess 49

50 Sometimes it is useful to vary spacing in a set of bulleted items Lets use the previous slide as an example 5

51 When answering questions Don t rush into an explanation think for a few moments. It is okay. If the questions may not be clear to others, restate the question. This can also help you to focus on the main points. Putting slide numbers on your slides helps people to ask about specific slides 51

52 When answering questions Don t rush into an explanation think for a few moments. It is okay. If the questions may not be clear to others, restate the question. This can also help you to focus on the main points. There is an invisible bullet here that has a smaller font size, so the lines are not too close Putting slide numbers on your slides helps people to ask about specific slides 52

53 Be sure to acknowledge colleagues and funding sources Use your last slide to provide contact information ( address or websites) 53

54 Thanks to students and researchers in my laboratory at Penn State! Left to right (28 group): 1 st row: Fang Zhang, Yimin Zhang, Elodie Lalaurette, Farzaneh Rezaei, Ellen Bingham (technician), Valerie Watson. 2 nd row: (Bruce Logan), Shaoan Cheng, Patrick Keily, Rachel Wagner, Xin Wang, Xiaoyuan Zhang 3 rd row: Matt Merrill, Geoff Rader, Roland Cusick, Jack Ambler, David Jones (technician), Tomonori Saito, Defeng Xing 54

55 Questions? Logan web page: International MFC site: MFC webcam (live video of an MFC running a fan) 55