Wind Energy at the CSIR

Transcription

1 Wind Energy at the CSIR Presentation to the Turbo Machinery Techno Group By Stefan Szewczuk 23 January 2013 Presentation based on: CSIR 4 th Biennial Conference Wind Energy Industrial Strategy workshop Eastern Cape-European Union Renewable Energy Conference

2 Research on Wind Energy 4 th Biennial Conference Presented by: Stefan Szewczuk Date: 10 October 2012

3 CSIR s low wind speed turbine Based on its aerospace capabilities, CSIR demonstrated in 1986 on its Pretoria campus that a worthwhile amount of energy can be extracted from the wind in regions with very low average wind speeds. Generated a maximum output of 2kW at approx 8m/s Research recommended that three basic models be developed for the moderate to poor wind flow regimes in SA CSIR s autogyro

4 Large wind turbines Ovid: composite manrated trainer airplane Howden s 300 kw wind turbine on Orkney Island, Scotland Further CSIR s aerospace technology demonstrators formed basis to investigate wind turbines CSIR was offered Howdens 300 & 750 kw turbines on Orkney & Shetland Islands. Undertook wind energy study tour to UK Too expensive to transfer to SA Howdens offered CSIR blade IP based on wood laminate technology. Offer not taken up. IP & further developments now owned by Vestas CSIR: exposure to large wind turbines & underlying technologies

5 Eskom s wind farm, Klipheuwel, Cape Town CSIR, then DME & City of Cape Town undertook study on large grid connected wind turbines included a study tour to Europe. Recommended that a demonstration scheme be established near Cape Town CSIR developed concept to the point where next step was implementation Eskom implemented scheme as a research project to gain understanding in developing & operating wind farms. CSIR did EIA for Klipheuwel wind energy scheme CSIR 2012 Slide 5

6 Darling wind farm CSIR invested funding for initial wind measurements on 10 metre mast. Good quality data resulted in Danida funding CSIR to do comprehensive wind measurements Initial investment resulted in CSIR participating in current Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) project CSIR 2012 Slide 6

7 Wind energy industrial strategy for South Africa South African Wind Energy Programme (SAWEP) - two key strategic outputs aimed at guiding wind energy development in SA: Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) First verified wind atlas launched by Deputy Minister of Energy on 13 March 2012 Investigation into a Wind Energy Industrial Strategy for SA - outputs of which will help determine the possibility of establishing a wind industry in South Africa. CSIR & Risø DTU (now DTU Wind Energy) undertook this investigation: Final report has 3 parts Part 1: Global Wind-energy Market and Industry; Part 2: South African Wind-energy Market and Industry; and Part 3: Strategic analysis This presentation is based on Part 3: Strategic analysis with emphasis on RD&D portion of strategy CSIR 2012 Slide 7

8 Turbine ex-works breakdown % s confirmed by stakeholders CSIR 2012 Slide 8

9 Brief overview of international R&D strategies The International Energy Agency (IEA) published a global technology roadmap for wind energy - primary tasks are: Wind technology development Delivery and systems integration Policy frameworks International collaboration European wind energy sector launched the European Wind Energy Technology Platform (TPWind). The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) of TPWind is divided into five thematic priorities for research: Wind resources, design wind conditions and forecasting Wind turbine technology Wind energy integration Offshore deployment and operation European research infrastructures CSIR 2012 Slide 9

10 Global Research & Development trends Mainly incremental technology advances to improve cost effectiveness (except offshore floating) Key research areas Large turbine development: improved reliability; better understanding of aerodynamics; innovative concepts and integrated design; improved design codes; improved gearbox design; gearless design; improved blade design; mechanical structures and new materials Offshore wind in shallow (bottom mounted) and in deep waters (floating structures) Power system operation and grid integration: wind power plant capabilities (providing ancillary services, wind farm control); grid planning and operation; energy and power management. Wind farm optimisation Wind conditions: complex terrain; offshore meteorology; wakes; extreme wind speeds; wind profiles at high heights; short-term predictions CSIR 2012 Slide 10

11 Innovation & preliminary wind energy technology tree South African Industry s propensity to innovate is in the same league as their counterparts in Europe. To state this differently, South African Industry has a can-do attitude and mind-set Industry has experience in manufacturing components to exacting specifications, integrating complex systems and this being done with efficient use of resources. Industry is very much aware of the need to be globally competitive by reducing costs and maintaining, if not increasing, on quality. A preliminary macro-environment (big picture) analysis was done of the South African innovation community A preliminary technology tree was developed and recommended that a South African Wind Energy Technology Platform be established in support of a wind energy industrial strategy CSIR 2012 Slide 11

12 Preliminary technology tree Needs Innovative wind turbine system designs Local manufacture of components Job creation Energy security Key Solutions Platform Wind resource assessment and maps Advanced designs for next generation wind turbines Advanced materials selection and development Advanced and cost effective manufacturing techniques High quality manufactured components Certification and testing procedures Advanced techniques for wind turbine/grid integration Human capacity development South African Wind Energy Technology Platform Applied technology Life cycle evaluation and prediction Component design and manufacturing Wind farm design optimisation Condition monitoring & fault prediction Policy development & decision support Base technology Infrastructure Constitutive equations Materials characterisation Aero-elasticity methodologies Numerical failure identification methods Non-destructive evaluation Wind measurement equipment Computational fluid dynamics Finite element methods Dedicated wind tunnels Blade test facilities Generator test facilities Drive train test facilities Database of new materials New design standards Power electronics Manufacturing processes Quality assurance CSIR 2012 Slide 12 Increased accuracy of wind resource database Wind turbine emulation system Extreme wind condition evaluation techniques Complex terrain & offshore evaluation techniques Monitoring & evaluation Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems Smart grid technologies Natural resource databases Geographic Information Systems Quantitative methods Science and Engineering know-how Supply chain linkages Indigenous knowledge Further details & table available on poster: South Africa a new innovator and manufacturer of wind turbines? Data and information evaluation techniques

13 Smart sustainable wind energy based systems to complement South Africa s electrification programme CSIR 2012 Slide 13

14 Renewable Energy for Rural Electrification in E Cape 3 year multinational EU (Garrad Hassan of UK, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation) - CSIR investigative project Objective: identify rural electrification opportunities using renewable energies linked to existing & new economic activities Renewable energy resources investigated: wind, mini-hydro & biomass Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to present & interpret results Large part of project was wind resource assessment of the E Cape Province WAsP numerical model was used for wind resource assessment Output: identified implementable projects emphasis on objective technological evaluations CSIR 2012 Slide 14

15 Modelling & Simulation Example using GIS Cost of wind generated electricity Distribution grid with, as an example, 10kms either side blanked off Overlaying above two maps identify possible areas where wind generated electricity may be cheaper than grid extension 1 st verified wind atlas opportunity to develop an accurate model CSIR 2012 Slide 15

16 Impact of Eastern Cape Project Obtained first hand understanding of complexity of poverty alleviation technical & non-technical (water-energy-food-employment nexus) Developed Integrated Energy/Economic Framework framework for sustainable socio-economic development for rural areas Identified renewable energy projects at Hluleka Nature Reserve & Lucingweni village on Wild Coast CSIR 2012 Slide 16

17 Hybrid mini-grids: Hluleka & Lucingweni With Cabinet endorsement, then Minister of Minerals & Energy mandated the NER (now NERSA) to facilitate piloting hybrid mini-grids Experience & understanding gained to inform decision & policy makers NER contracted CSIR to develop implementation plan Implementation partner Shell Renewables Integrated Energy/Economic Framework applied Mini-grids integrated with providing potable water Energy & water efficiency concepts applied CSIR: first-hand exposure to small wind turbines and integration of a range of related technologies action research CSIR 2012 Slide 17

18 Hybrid mini-grid energy systems Hluleka Nature Reserve Lucingweni village CSIR 2012 Slide 18

19 Impact of Eastern Cape project Department of Science & Technology mini-grids were used as a case study on Technology Transfer for Poverty Alleviation CSIR lessons learnt applied to updating Integrated Energy/Economic Methodology identifying shortcomings in then wind data resource map understanding the non-technical issues in sustainable projects deeper understanding on smart sustainable energy resulting in: investigations into conversion of organic waste into energy (anaerobic digestion) project: Modular form of Electrification in Rural Communities in South Africa Global Research Alliance (GRA) initiative on Smart Sustainable Energy for the Rural Poor CSIR 2012 Slide 19

20 Modular form of electrification in rural communities Project funded by the Royal Danish Embassy in Pretoria and carried out by: ethekwini (Durban) Municipality Risø DTU (Danish National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy) South African National Energy Research Institute (SANERI) CSIR University of the Witwatersrand North West University Project aim: Investigate the suitability of modular smart-grid approach for electrification of rural communities, with particular emphasis on the needs of the ethekwini Municipality CSIR 2012 Slide 20

21 Brief review of modular form of electrification Recommendations for a demonstration project: Potential of modular approach confirmed and should be refined through further modelling and simulation work. Establish a research facility so that technologies can be refined and evaluated in a controlled environment prior to implementation in the field. Human capacity development Strategic recommendations: 1. Develop a Roadmap for SA on Smart Grid Technologies 2. Develop a Renewable Energy Technology Integration Platform 3. In DTI s Industrial Policy & Action Plan (IPAP), under green industries, localisation strategies be developed to include smart grid/modular forms of electrification 4. Align outcomes of projects to support the National Development Plan and other policies CSIR 2012 Slide 21

22 GRA: Smart Sustainable Energy for the Rural Poor Smart Sustainable Energy will deliver impact through three co-creative streams: Social Innovation, Ecosystem Innovation, Technical Innovation: leading to solutions that will seamlessly integrate with the electrical grid. Successful inclusive innovations for the Base-of-the-Pyramid (BoP) have to be : Affordable, Acceptable, Appropriate, Accessible. At a functional level, amongst others, the GRA team has aligned with the Eastern Cape Provincial Government and its Sustainable Energy Strategy, District Municipalities A project design document has been developed for investors & stakeholders Broad phases: modelling & simulation, real-world trialling of developed innovations, development of modular solutions suitable for commercialisation and deployment

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57 Eastern Cape European Union Renewable Energy Conference th November 2012 East London International Convention Centre

58 Who we are a collaboration of nine of the world s leading appliedresearch agencies using the best science and technology working to solve some of the biggest challenges in the developing world

59 Nine countries, five continents Who we are

60 What we do The GRA s vision is for a world where the application of innovative science and technology, through collaboration and co-creation, delivers access equality, improves lives and solves global development challenges.

61 Our mission mobilize the creative energy of our globally and culturally diverse researchers to address global development challenges through innovation share the breadth and depth of our science and technology resources and unite with local partners, communities, industry and collaborators generate and implement appropriate, affordable and sustainable solutions with positive and lasting impact

62 Our Focus global research for global good Digital Energy Health Water Food Security Innovation Systems

63 Inclusive Innovation GRA approach Inclusive Innovation is any innovation that leads to affordable access of quality goods and services creating livelihood opportunities for the excluded population, primarily at the base of the pyramid, and on a long term sustainable basis with a significant outreach Dr Ramesh Mashelkar - GRA President

64 Inclusive Innovation access equality despite income inequality Income Inequality 10,000:1 Access Equality 1:1

65 Inclusive Innovation one cannot innovate alone Technology Collaboration Infrastructure Policy National Local Solutions Government Knowledge Institutions Knowledge creation Civil Society Communities NGOs Social conditions International donors Services Productivity Private Sector Value & supply chain Environmental conditions Social interests Skills Goods & Services Investment

66 GRA Project Green & Low-Cost Wireless Communication Network for Africa Fraunhofer (Germany) - terrestrial wireless infrastructure to bring this satellite connectivity into the wide area Fraunhofer (Portugal) - applications for targeted deployment CSIR SA - wireless mesh concepts, in particular community mesh and wireless backhaul CSIRO - efficient satellite-based infrastructure to reach rural areas VTT integration of network management Macha Works - supporting local deployment, training staff, testing and evaluation

67 GRA Member Projects - examples CSIRO African Food Security Initiative: sustainable agriculture, smallholder farmers, animal health CSIR South Africa Value addition to plant product kenaf car component manufacture TNO Utilisation of waste streams in pineapple processing Ghana SIRIM Eco-friendly artificial coral reefs: tourism, community, local industry

68 GRA Smart Sustainable Energy Project

69 Skipping the traditional The Leapfrog Effect Rural and excluded populations have an opportunity to pursue innovative energy solutions that are not built upon the ideas of last century.

70 Learning to Leap We are approaching that goal but slowly China has approximately 60,000 minigrid schemes Nepal, India, Vietnam and Sri Lanka each have between 100 and 1,000 minigrids The World Bank has increased support for off-grid projects, funding 31 projects between 1995 and 2008 (up from two prior to 1995) Still a reliance on diesel generators in many minigrid systems Challenges exist in finding optimal community fit Assessment of resource availability is difficult Maintenance issues are a concern Few holistic, robust and codified solutions exist

71 Timing the Leap Now is the time to jump! Amazing international investment into Smart Grid Technologies Falling renewable energy technology prices 2012 is the United Nation s Year of Sustainable Energy for All Institutional arrangements starting to be put in place to drive the development of sustainable solutions

72 Leap Higher Our Goal is To create a smarter sustainable energy programme for the remote and rural poor that: Delivers localised generation, storage and distribution systems Features energy efficiency and intelligent demand management at the forefront Offers modularity, community-specificity and flexibility Enables rapid deployment Provides robustness Integrates contemporary smart-grid concepts Enables a sustainable, long-term and green solution to energy access

73 Our Design Ecosystem Innovation SUSTAINABLE town planning climate change low carbon green growth green economy digital & energy access environmental impact environment procurement Regulatory Environment Sustainable Development finance, funding strategic planning, policy national Institutional Environment Services & Enterprises health water telecom services Innovation Application provincial municipal Skills & Job Creation agribusiness / food storage / mobile charging / bakery. policy gov officials business innovation research knowledge technical vocational artisan Social Innovation skills services gender ownership SUPPORTED co-creation multi-stakeholder analysis community engagement lessons learned Technical Innovation efficiency integration SMART simulation fault detection wind atlas Wind MINIGRIDS Bio biogas biofuels biomass Hydro micro hydro print PV Solar dye PV Storage chemical battery Project Design & Management Spin-in Innovation

74 Our Design Ecosystem Innovation SUSTAINABLE Social Innovation services ownership SUPPORTED skills gender co-creation multi-stakeholder analysis community engagement lessons learned Technical Innovation integration SMART efficiency simulation fault detection Project Design & Management

75 Our Design Innovation Environment procurement finance, funding town planning climate change low carbon green growth green economy digital & energy access environment Regulatory Environment Sustainable Development strategic planning, policy national Institutional Environment Services & Enterprises health water telecom services provincial municipal Skills & Job Creation agribusiness / food storage / mobile charging / bakery. policy gov officials business innovation research knowledge technical vocational artisan

76 Our Design Spin-in Innovation biofuels wind atlas Wind MINIGRIDS Bio biogas biomass Hydro micro hydro print PV Solar dye PV Storage battery chemical

77 Our Team why we will deliver The collaborative partnership between CSIRO, TNO, CSIR & UFH brings expertise in minigrids, smart grids, social sciences, real-world deployment, worldleading experimental facilities and an international network of research, government and industry partners

78 CSIRO Our Team why we will deliver Recently completed a three year Asia Pacific Partnership with TERI (India) on smart minigrid technologies Renewable Energy Integration Facility (REIF), for the testing and analysis of energy systems in a minigrid environment Leading research into key smart-grid concepts, including: Optimal planning of small-scale power networks Automated demand-management and control Work programmes focussed on: Advanced solar and load forecasting methodologies Automated fault-detection and diagnosis

79 Our Team why we will deliver CSIR Strategic Evaluations Industrialisation strategies Development of frameworks and real-world deployment of South African minigrids/smart grids implementation plans for Lucingweni and Hluleka minigrids ethekwini modular systems Decision Support Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Renewable energy resource databases Modelling and Simulation Lucingweni village Hluleka Nature Reserve

80 TNO Smart Energy Systems Our Team why we will deliver Multi-stakeholder business analysis Market integration and business modeling Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing Supply & Demand Management PowerMatcher Real-time and predictive Supply Demand Management Self-Healing Networks and Microgrids Grid integration of renewable energy generators Applied technology research in Aruba that will expand renewable energy share to 40% Innovation for Development group

81 University of Fort Hare Biomass Energy Our Team why we will deliver Installation and performance monitoring of biomass gasifiers and biogas digesters in rural areas including a150kva biomass gasifier system at Melani village Energy Efficiency measurement and verification of the electrical demand in both industry and the residential sector installation and performance monitoring of various heat pump technologies Solar Energy photovoltaics cells and modules solar passive housing design

82 town planning climate change low carbon green growth green economy digital & energy access environmental impact environment procurement services ownership Ecosystem Innovation multi-stakeholder analysis SUSTAINABLE Social Innovation SUPPORTED Technical Innovation integration lessons learned fault detection SMART efficiency simulation services ownership multi-stakeholder analysis Project Design & Management Social Innovation Project Design & Management skills gender co-creation community engagement Ecosystem Innovation SUSTAINABLE SUPPORTED skills gender co-creation community engagement Technical Innovation integration lessons learned fault detection SMART efficiency simulation services ownership Ecosystem Innovation multi-stakeholder analysis Social Innovation Technical Innovation integration lessons learned fault detection SMART efficiency simulation Regulatory Environment Sustainable Development SUSTAINABLE SUPPORTED Project Design & Management finance, funding strategic planning, policy national Institutional Environment Services & Enterprises health water telecom services skills gender co-creation community engagement Innovation Application provincial municipal Skills & Job Creation agribusiness / food storage / mobile charging / bakery. policy gov officials business innovation research knowledge technical vocational artisan Our Alignment why we will deliver Important to the Project is alignment with, and support of The Eastern Cape Sustainable Energy Strategy Universal access to electricity sustainable off grid renewable energy hubs Innovation and R&D areas of research benefiting sustainable energy industry for province Enabling environment a quarterly sustainable energy Forum for interaction between stakeholders Skills development development of local innovations and inventions

83 Our Approach building on lessons learned New, Alternative & Emerging Energy Technologies Conventional Energy INTEGRATED ENERGY ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY Existing economic activities Total Energy Supply Total Energy Demand After S SZEWCZUK Costs Revenue Cost benefit analysis Life cycle analysis Environmental externalities CDM CPF Energy efficiency New economic activities Localisation Enterprise creation Sociological (Cultural) Facilitation Governance facilitation CLIMATE CHANGE Natural resources - arable land - tourism potential - forestry potential Industry - innovation Capacity development Intervention measures Other Conditions Policy Manufacturing Sanitation legislation Roads Markets Water Telecomms. etc

84 FOOD ELECTRICITY CHICKEN FARMING PIG FARMING? FISHMEAL APPLIANCES GAS WASTE FISH SOLAR ENERGY SANITATION WASTE WASTE WOOD GOODS SOLIDS TOMATOES WHEAT? COMPOST FRUIT /VEG Our Approach building on lessons learned Rural Energy & Economic Development (REED) Rural Energy & Economic Development Framework SEEM Simulation & modelling to study effect of different development strategies in a community WATER ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HOUSEHOLDS BIOGAS FOOD PROCESSING COMPOST PRODUCTION SARED: South African Renewable Energy Database REAL Validation process in community where intervention measures can be followed over time, monitored, evaluated, documented & fed back?? AQUACULTURE VILLAGE MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURE Model flowchart Example of a model in GIS GASP Develop supply chain linkages between rural enterprises and multinationals where natural/renewable resources are value-added Potential for pine in E Cape E3 Supply & demand side technologies & manufacturing processes that ensure efficient use of energy & resources Modular Energy Unit Natural composite materials blades HomerGIS: CSIR/DME/Eskom offgrid electrification planning tool Kenaf, example of indigenous fibrous plant for various applications Sociological facilitation Example: planting citrus for local market Wind PV Diesel PV PV & Wind L2 Wind 440 V ring (cable) L1 Load M&C Generation Storage L7 L5 PV L4 L3 Wind Modular energy systems Seamlessly integrated systems Organic waste to energy Engagement with community

85 Our Approach taking it forward services ownership multi-stakeholder analysis lessons learned Ecosystem Innovation SUSTAINABLE Social Innovation Technical Innovation efficiency SUPPORTED integration SMART Project Design & Management gender community engagement simulation skills co-creation fault detection town planning climate change low carbon green growth green economy digital & energy access environmental impact environment procurement wind atlas Regulatory Environment Sustainable Development Hydro micro hydro Wind finance, funding strategic planning, policy print PV national Institutional Environment Services & Enterprises health water telecom services MINIGRIDS Solar dye PV Innovation Application provincial municipal Storage battery Spin-in Innovation Skills & Job Creation agribusiness / food storage / mobile charging / bakery. Bio chemical policy gov officials business innovation research knowledge biogas technical vocational artisan biofuels biomass

86 Our Approach how we will deliver Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Project Scoping & Innovation Engagement Process identify and engage stakeholders, create partnerships, community engagement Modelling & Simulation review of energy requirements, scenarios aligning needs and technology, model and simulate performance of systems, optimise solutions Real-world trialling of developed innovations work with selected community to trial real world demonstration of the technologies, engagement and business models Modular Solutions & large scale deployment use lessons from Phase 2 to refine devices; expand trials to include multiple communities, determine commercialisation

87 Leap for Impact GRA Smart Sustainable Energy Project: collaboration & partnerships in innovation localisation & job creation human capacity building support EC Sustainable Energy Strategy green economy improved livelihoods DFID

88 Thank you Contact: Stephanie von Gavel The Global Research Alliance Steve Szewczuk CSIR