The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Highlights and perspectives from two decades of ocean observations
|
|
- Jeffrey Sullivan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Highlights and perspectives from two decades of ocean observations MATTHEW CHURCH UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII OCB SCOPING WORKSHOP SEPTEMBER 2010
2 A Dedicated HOT Team NSF
3 What s HOT? Program objectives: Quantify time-dependent variability in key physical, biogeochemical, and ecological properties and processes Define relationships between plankton community structure and biogeochemical dynamics Quantify physical and biological processes controlling oceanic carbon uptake, transformation, and sequestration
4 The Hawaii Ocean Time-series i (HOT) Near monthly cruises to Station ALOHA since October 1988 Deep ocean (~4800 m) observatory Shipboard and remote measurements of ocean biogeochemistry, physics, and plankton ecology 4-day cruises, intensive sampling to 1000 m
5 Time, water, and change The value of HOT observations continues to increase with time. HOT provides some of the best and only records of biogeochemical and physical variability in the open ocean waters of the Pacific across multiple time scales: episodic, seasonal, interannual, and multidecadal. ALOHA Knowledge gained from HOT furthers our understanding of global-scale ocean change.
6 Ongoing projects supported by HOT: If you build it, they will come Ocean Carbon System Variability, NSF; A. Dickson (P.I.), 1988-present WHOI Hawaii Ocean Time Series Station (WHOTS), NOAA-NSF; NSF; R. Weller (P.I.), 2004-present CFC and SF 6 Water Mass Tracers, NOAA; J. Bullister (P.I.), 2004-present Microbial Oceanography: Genomes to Biomes Summer training course, NSF-Agouron Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; D. Karl (P.I.), present Marine Microbiology Initiative, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; D. Karl (P.I.), 2005-present Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), NSF; D. Karl (P.I.), 2006-present Si Cycling and Dynamics, NSF; M. Brzezinski (P.I.), 2007-present ALOHA Cabled Observatory, NSF; B. Howe (P.I.), 2007-present Diazotrophy in a High CO 2 World, NSF; M. Church (P.I.),2009-present Profiling Floats for Ocean Biogeochemistry, NSF-NOPP; NOPP; K. Johnson, present Subsurface Moored Profiler, NSF; M. Alford (P.I.), 2009-present Taxon-specific Variability of Organic Matter Production and Remineralization, NSF; A. White (P.I.), 2009-present Primary Productivity as a Function of Absorption, Pigment-based Phytoplankton Diversity, and Particle Size Distributions, NASA; A. White (P.I.), 2009-present
7 From the Predictable to the Unexpected: Highlights on 3 interlinked themes in ocean biogeochemistry Ocean carbon cycling Plankton productivity and the importance of community structure New production and export
8 HOT carbon reservoirs and fluxes Carbon reservoirs: Carbonate system: DIC, total t alkalinity, li it ph, pco 2 Coulometry (DIC), potentiometric titration (total alkalinity), spectrophotometric (ph), shipboard (KM) pco 2 equilibrator (SOEST), and moored pco 2 sensor (C. Sabine-PMEL) Total organic carbon (TOC) High temperature combustion Particulate carbon (POC and PIC) High temperature combustion (POC); acidification/ IR detection (PIC) Carbon fluxes: Biological carbon production (POC and DOC) 14 C-bicarbonate assimilation (primary production), changes in carbon and oxygen Particulate carbon export Sediment trap particle collections
9 Air trend: atm yr -1 Rising CO 2, Falling ph Ocean trend: atm yr -1 ph trend yr -1 Dore et al. (2009)
10 Temporal variability in mixed layer inorganic carbon DIC ol C L -1 ) Interannual variations in DIC concentrations closely coincident with changes to upper ocean salinity. ( m Year Salinity Dore et al. (2003)
11 Interannual variability in inorganic carbon pools Annual accumulation (0-150 m) of ndic ~ 0.1 mol C m -2 yr -1 Interannual variations in the E-P balance and mixing important controls on carbon inventories Winn et al. 1994, Dore et al. 2003, 2009
12 Processes influencing carbon cycling in the upper ocean at Station ALOHA CO 2 ATMOSPHERE Gas exchange E-P balance Diffusion DIC DIC Net community production Entrainment Organic Carbon (DOC, POC) Diffusion MIXED LAYER Mixed layer boundary THERMOCLINE Adapted from Keeling et al. (2004) Particle export
13 What is the biological contribution to ocean carbon flux at ALOHA? Photosynthesis + O 2, -CO 2 Respiration -O 2, + CO 2
14 The upper ocean habitat PAR ( mol quanta m -2 s -1 ) -2-1 ) PAR 14 C-PP ( mol C L -1 d -1 ) C-PP 50 MLD 50 De epth (m) % Chl a % N+N Nitrate + Nitrite ( mol N L -1 ) Chlorophyll a ( g L -1 )
15 Light is an important habitat control Seasonal changes in light appear to drive productivity in both the near surface waters and deep chlorophyll maximum 125 m 5 m 0-75 m 125 m
16 Polov vina et al. (200 08) -2 ) m Chl a (mg m - 35 Corno et al. (2007), Saba et al. (2010), Luo et al. Chl a increasing 0.22 mg m -2 yr C-PP (mmol C m -2 d -1 ) Boyce et al. (2010) 30 HOT 25 observations 20 indicate both 15 chlorophyll and 10 primary 5 production are C-PP increasing 0.33 mmol C m increasing. yr -1 Prominent Year 60 increases occurring 40 below the 20 depth of satellite detection.
17 Material transfer through the food web 3.0 Mesozoop plankton dry weight (g m -2 ) Year Zooplankton dry weight (0-150 m) increasing at 37 mg m -2 per year Sheridan and Landry (2004)
18 Measurements and models of primary production at Station ALOHA Carbon production 14 C-bicarbonate assimilation (daylight incubation period ~12 hours) DIC, TOC, and PC variability Oxygen production In vitro O 2 bottle incubations In situ O 2 dynamics: gliders, floats, moorings, and ships 18 O 2 production from H 2 18 O 16 O, 17 O, 18 O Triple O 2 isotopes Bio-optics and satellites Bio-optical optical approaches Satellite remote sensing
19 In vitro O 2 dynamics at Station ALOHA GPP, NCP, and R ( mol O 2 L -1 d -1 ) years of measurements (2001, ) Net N t Community Production:-4.2 to -7.4 mol C m -2 yr -1 Gross Primary Production: mol C m -2 yr -1 Respiration: p mol C m -2 yr -1 Conclusion: Net heterotrophy due to incubation conditions and/or under sampling GPP, R, NCP (mmol O m -2 d -1 2 ) Dep pth (m) Day of year GPP R NCP e.g. Williams et al. (2004)
20 Mixed layer O 2 is in equilibrium with the atmosphere Rate of subsurface O 2 Rate of subsurface O 2 accumulation provides information on NCP
21 In situ O 2 dynamics at Station ALOHA 75 m >6+ 6 years of in situ measurements ( , present) Net Community Production: mol C m -2 yr -1 Riser and Johnson (2008)
22 Net Community Production at Station ALOHA Method Mixed Layer O 2 + Ar budgets Rate mol C m -2 yr -1 Period of measurements References (± 1.0) Emerson et al. (1997); Hamme and Emerson (2006); Juanek and Quay (2005); Quay et al. (2010) DIC + DI 13 C budgets (± 1.4) Quay and Stutsman (2003); Keeling et al. (2004) Mooring O (± 1.8) 2005 Emerson et al. (2008) Sub-mixed layer float profiles Sub-mixed layer glider surveys (±0.2) Riser and Johnson (2008) 0.9 (± 0.1) 2005 Nicholson et al. (2008) Sediment traps 0.9 (± 0.3) HOT core data In vitro O 2 incubations -6.1 (± 4.6) 2001, Williams et al. (2004) NCP appears constrained to ~2 fold variability NCP appears constrained to ~2-fold variability GPP estimated ~20-fold greater than NCP
23 What controls variability in nutrient supply supporting net community production? N 2 fixation 2 NH 4 + Organic matter Organic matter NH 4 + NO - NO NO 3 - NO 2 - NH 4 + Organic matter
24 Annual cycle of productivity and export m Carbon export (mmol C m -2 d -1 ) im. prod. C m -2 d -1 ) (mmol 14 C-pri m 20 Silica Export ( mol Si m -2 d -1 ) m 4000 m Carbon Export ( mol C m -2 d -1 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Month Month Plankton community structure plays a key role in carbon flux to the deep sea
25 Controls on nitrogen supply to the upper ocean Physical: Mixing, upwelling, diffusion, advection NO 3- supported new production Biological: i l N 2 fixation (N 2 NH 3 ) N 2 supported new production
26 Physical supply of nutrients: Mixing -2 ) N+N (mm mol N m m Year MLD (m) Winter mixing increases upper ocean nitrate concentrations
27 Mesoscale variability at Station ALOHA Temper rature ( o C) m 1/05 1/06 1/07 SSHa (cm) SSHa (cm) Dep pth (m) kg m Y = , R 2 = SSHa (cm)
28 Biological supply of nutrients: N 2 fixation N 2 fix xation ( mol N m -2 d -1 ) Jan FebMar Apr May June July Month Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Rates of N 2 fixation are variable, but generally Rates of N 2 fixation are variable, but generally increase in the spring and summer
29 ) ALOHA July 19-26, 2005 Tempe erature ( o C ALOHA C. Sabine, PMEL
30 January 2005 April 2005 July 2005 Depth (m) p July 2005 typical profile 200 Fong et al. (2007) Chloropigment ( g L -1 )
31 Whole Seawater Time series measurements of near-surface ocean N 2 fixation at Station ALOHA erature ( o C) Temp Episodic increases in N 2 fixation by diazotrophs >10 m appear associated with mesoscale (anticyclonic) eddies. Te emperatur re ( o C) <10 m Seawater SSHa (cm) Church et al. (2009) nmol N L -1 d
32 NO 3- based new production N 2 fixation based new production 1 2 NO 3-, PO 3-4, Si, CO NO 3-, PO 4 3-, Si, CO 2 Both appear to support new production, but for different reasons
33 HOT insights Biological and physical processes interact to control time-variability in ocean carbon inventories and fluxes. The complexity of ocean ecosystem change demands interdisciplinary studies. HOT measurements indicate we need to study carbon cycle processes at a range of scales, from decadal to seasonal to episodic. The value of HOT continues to increase with time.
34 Facing Future The complexity of ecosystem dynamics, even in this stable ecosystem, demands sustained observations. The shipboard time series program continues to enrich our understanding of the NPSG, and help direct application of remote and autonomous sensing technologies. These multi-decadal time series programs are some of our best (and only) barometers of ocean ecosystem change.
25 years of Hawaii Ocean Time-series carbon flux determinations: Insights into productivity, export, and nutrient supply in the oligotrophic ocean
25 years of Hawaii Ocean Time-series carbon flux determinations: Insights into productivity, export, and nutrient supply in the oligotrophic ocean MATTHEW CHURCH, ROBERT BIDIGARE, JOHN DORE, DAVID KARL,
A sense of place N, W LNLC region two layered system. < 50m mixed layer ~125 m euphotic zone/nutricline. Station ALOHA (1988 onwards)
STATION ALOHA 1. Introduction to the region 2. Types of blooms (enhanced biomass/growth emphasis on the mixed layer) 3. Drivers of variability 4. Beyond biomass towards productivity angelicque white, oregon
Marine Primary Productivity: Measurements and Variability. Matt Church Department of Oceanography MSB 612
Marine Primary Productivity: Measurements and Variability Matt Church Department of Oceanography MSB 612 Sunlight CO 2 + 2H 2 O CH 2 O + O 2 + H 2 O + heat Gross Primary Production (GPP): The rate of organic
WHOTS Mixed Layer and 1-D 1 D Model. Station ALOHA: Time-series Science and Status
Station ALOHA: Time-series Science and Status 25 years of HOT Fernando Santiago-Mandujano and Roger Lukas University of Hawaii Station ALOHA (~4750m deep) 9 years of WHOI Hawaii Ocean Time-series (WHOTS)
OA timeseries observations in the California Current Ecosystem LTER region. Uwe Send, Mark Ohman, Todd Martz Scripps Institution of Oceanography
OA timeseries observations in the California Current Ecosystem LTER region Uwe Send, Mark Ohman, Todd Martz Scripps Institution of Oceanography Carbonate system measurements in the CCE-LTER/CalCOFI region
Model Study of Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Variability in the Labrador Sea
Model Study of Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Variability in the Labrador Sea Hakase Hayashida M.Sc. Thesis (Physical Oceanography) Memorial University of Newfoundland January 14, 214 Global carbon cycle:
Aquatic respiration and ocean metabolism
Aquatic respiration and ocean metabolism Remember what life is all about: Energy (ATP) Reducing power (NADPH) Nutrients (C, N, P, S, Fe, etc., etc.) Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight, H 2 O, and dissolved
How will we measure the response of carbon export in the ocean to climate change? Ken Johnson MBARI
How will we measure the response of carbon export in the ocean to climate change? Ken Johnson MBARI johnson@mbari.org Outline: Why care about ocean carbon flux? Future changes? How would we measure changes
Examine annual or seasonal scale changes in
Primary production approach 5: Estimate Net community production based on in situ variations in oxygen, nutrients, carbon, or biomass (often chlorophyll) Examine annual or seasonal scale changes in O 2,
In situ methods to measure Primary Production and Net Community Production. What have we learned?
In situ methods to measure Primary Production and Net Community Production What have we learned? Time Series Sites Time series sites provide: - test bed for new PP methods - evaluation of the annual carbon
Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Supporting Information for
Global Biogeochemical Cycles Supporting Information for The annual cycle of gross primary production, net community production and export efficiency across the North Pacific Ocean Hilary I. Palevsky 1a,
Measuring primary production rates in the ocean: Enigmatic results between incubation and non incubation methods at Station ALOHA
Click Here for Full Article GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 24,, doi:10.1029/2009gb003665, 2010 Measuring primary production rates in the ocean: Enigmatic results between incubation and non incubation
Determining the f ratio 11/16/2010. Incubate seawater in the presence of trace 15
Plankton production is supported by 2 types of nitrogen: 1) new production supported by external sources of N (e.g. NO 3 and N 2 ), 2) recycled or regenerated production, sustained by recycling of N. Assumptions:
A functional gene approach to studying nitrogen cycling in the sea. Matthew Church (MSB 612 / March 20, 2007
A functional gene approach to studying nitrogen cycling in the sea Matthew Church (MSB 612 / 6-8779 mjchurch@hawaii.edu) March 20, 2007 Overview Climate change, carbon cycling, and ocean biology Distributions
Autonomous observing at time series stations. Ken Johnson Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Autonomous observing at time series stations using moorings, gliders & floats Ken Johnson Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute The goals of autonomous, time-series observations might be: measure carbon
11/9/2010. Stoichiometry of POM and DOM. DOC cycling via DO 14 C Williams, Oeschger, and Kinney; Nature v224 (1969)
DOC cycling via DO 1 C Williams, Oeschger, and Kinney; Nature v22 (1969) UV photooxidation Radiocarbon in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Peter M. Williams and Ellen Druffel; Nature 1987, JGR 1992 DIC
Phytoplankton and Upper Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles Along Line P
Phytoplankton and Upper Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles Along Line P Angelica Peña Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans Canada. Contribution: Diana Varela, Department of Biology & School of Earth
WHY CARBON? The Carbon Cycle 1/17/2011. All living organisms utilize the same molecular building blocks. Carbon is the currency of life
The Carbon Cycle WHY CARBON? Inventories: black text Fluxes: purple arrows Carbon dioxide (+4) AN = 6 (6P/6N) AW = 12.011 Oxidation: -4 to +4 Isotopes: 11 C, 12 C, 1 C, 14 C Methane (-4) Carbon is the
Ocean Carbon and Climate Change
Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Role of the ocean on regulating atmospheric CO 2 levels: 1) Ocean natural and anthropogenic CO 2 inventory 2) Magnitude and variability of air-sea CO 2 flux 3) Feedback
Trace Metal Iron (Fe), an important element to measure at sea. Dr. Thato Nicholas Mtshali
Trace Metal Iron (Fe), an important element to measure at sea Dr. Thato Nicholas Mtshali Southern Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic Seminar (Cape Town): 5 December 2017 A CSIR-led multidisciplinary and multi-institutional
Subtropical Ocean Ecosystem. North Pacific Climate Variations
Subtropical Ocean Ecosystem Structure Changes Forced by North Pacific Climate Variations Bob Bidigare Hawaii Institute tute of Marine Biology ogy University of Hawaii at Manoa Acknowledgements HOT Personnel
OCB Scoping Workshop report
OCB Scoping Workshop report Observing biogeochemical cycles at global scales with floats and gliders: 28-30 April 2009, Moss Landing, CA http://www.whoi.edu/sites/ocbfloatsgliders Ken Johnson MBARI Steering
Nitrogen Cycling in the Sea
Nitrogen Cycling in the Sea NH 4 + N0 2 N0 2 NH 4 + Outline Nitrogen species in marine watersdistributions and concentrations New, regenerated, and export production The processes: Assimilation, N 2 fixation,
increase in mean winter air temperature since 1950 (Ducklow et al, 2007). The ocean
Exploring the relationship between Chlorophyll a, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, and Dissolved Oxygen in the Western Antarctic Peninsula Ecosystem. Katie Coupland December 3, 2013 Since the start of the industrial
Phytoplankton and bacterial biomass, production and growth in various ocean ecosystems
Phytoplankton and bacterial biomass, production and growth in various ocean ecosystems Location Bact. Biomass (mg C m -2 ) Phyto. Biomass (mg C m -2 ) BactB: PhytoB BactP (mg C m -2 d -1 ) 1 o Pro (mg
observatory framework
From marine terrestrial interactions to the warm blob : integrating land-oceanatmospheric research in a coastal observatory framework Brian Hunt, Jennifer Burt, Wiley Evans, William Floyd, Ian Giesbrecht,
Inorganic Carbon Distributions and Air-Sea CO 2 Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Inorganic Carbon Distributions and Air-Sea CO 2 Exchange in the Indian Ocean C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, N. Bates, N. Metzl, R.M. Key, F.J. Millero, C. LoMonaco and C. Goyet Take home message: Each of the
Nitrogen Cycling in the Sea
Nitrogen Cycling in the Sea Matt Church (MSB 612 / 9568779/ mjchurch@hawaii.edu) Marine Microplankton Ecology / OCN 626 NH 4 N0 2 N0 2 NH 4 Outline Nitrogen species in marine watersdistributions and concentrations
Meredith Howard Karen McLaughlin Nikolay Nezlin
Meredith Howard Karen McLaughlin Nikolay Nezlin SCCWRP Objectives For Diversion Determine the fate of effluent nitrogen How quickly is effluent nitrogen consumed or transformed? Is effluent nitrogen being
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 26, GB2003, doi: /2010gb004003, 2012
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 26,, doi:10.1029/2010gb004003, 2012 Primary production and carbon export rates across the subpolar N. Atlantic Ocean basin based on triple oxygen isotope and dissolved
Requirements-driven global ocean observing system for Ocean Acidification
Requirements-driven global ocean observing system for Ocean Acidification Maciej Telszewski Masao Ishii, Kim Currie, Artur Palacz and Albert Fischer Biogeochemistry Panel Institute of Oceanology of Polish
Denitrification 2/11/2011. Energy to be gained in oxidation. Oxidized N. Reduced N
Oxidized N Energy to be gained in oxidation Reduced N (Sarmiento & Gruber, 2006) Denitrification The reduction of NO 3 and NO 2 to N 2 during heterotrophic respiration of organic matter. Occurs predominately
Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients!
Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients! Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Critical Depth Recycled Nutrients! Oxidized Nutrients! Detritus! Rest of Ocean Biological and Solubility Pumps New (Export) vs. Regenerated
Joint Cruise Methodology
Joint Cruise Methodology Alexander Mikaelyan & Tamara Shiganova Batumi, 22 May The main goal of the Joint Cruises To provide ecosystem monitoring of the open waters of the Black Sea on inter-annual and
High-resolution ocean and atmosphere pco 2 time-series measurements from open ocean and coastal moorings
Acknowledgements: PMEL engineering group (N. Lawrence-Slavas, P. A Hearn, P. McLain, R. Bott, etc.), R. Wanninkhof, M. McPhaden and PMEL TAO group, NDBC TAO group, D. Sadler, F. Chavez, G. Friedrich, M.
Global Carbon Cycle THE OCEAN CARBON BUDGET: CAN WE MAKE SENSE FROM NONSENSE. Atmosphere. Marginal benthos. Open ocean. Coastal ocean. Land.
Agouron_PW_lecture_3 1/15 THE OCEAN CARBON BUDGET: CAN WE MAKE SENSE FROM NONSENSE A) THE STRUCTURE OF THE OCEANIC BUDGET Global Carbon Cycle Marginal benthos Land Coastal ocean Open ocean Estuaries Photosynthesis/respiration
DOC and major carbon reservoirs and fluxes
The Composition and cycling of Dissolved organic matter-i Review of DOC distribution Review of radiocarbon in DOC Sources of DOC Seasonal cycling of DOC above the permanent thermocline Composition of DOC
Nutrients, biology and elemental stoichiometry
Nutrients, biology and elemental stoichiometry Subtropics and tropics: oligotrophic = low nutrient, low biomass. Equatorial upwelling regions: Elevated nutrients (1 10 MNO 3 ) and biomass (relative to
BIO-OPTICAL SENSORS FOR PROFILING FLOATS
BIO-OPTICAL SENSORS FOR PROFILING FLOATS J. Ronald V. Zaneveld Western Environmental Technology Laboratories, Inc. P.O. Box 518, Philomath, OR 97370, U.S.A. FAX:1-541-929-5277 e-mail:ron@wetlabs.com Introduction
Time-series and Underway Assessments of Ocean Acidification and Carbon System Properties in Coastal Waters
NGI Annual Meeting 2012 Time-series and Underway Assessments of Ocean Acidification and Carbon System Properties in Coastal Waters Wei-Jun Cai, Xinping Hu, Scott Noakes, Joe Salisbury, Doug Vandemark,
Development of Carbon Data Products for the Coastal Ocean: Implications for Advanced Ocean Color Sensors
Development of Carbon Data Products for the Coastal Ocean: Implications for Advanced Ocean Color Sensors Antonio Mannino NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland USA Field Activities & DOC
The Carbon cycle. Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon
The Carbon cycle Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon The oceans store much more carbon than the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere The oceans essentially
Modelling the carbon fluxes and budgets on the northwest European continental shelf and beyond
Modelling the carbon fluxes and budgets on the northwest European continental shelf and beyond Jason Holt, Sarah Wakelin, Roger Proctor, Graham Tattersal, James Harle: POL Tim Smyth, Jerry Blackford, Icarus
5/2/13. Zooplankton! Phytoplankton! Nutrients!
Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients! 1 Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Critical Depth Recycled Nutrients! Oxidized Nutrients! Detritus! Rest of Ocean Biological and Solubility Pumps 2 New (Export) vs. Regenerated
Lakes, Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling Schlesinger and Bernhardt (2013): Chapter 8, p
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems Lecture #12 (10.8.13) Angelos Hannides, hannides@hawaii.edu Lakes, Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling Schlesinger and Bernhardt (2013): Chapter 8, p. 288-308 1. Physical
Interannual variations of nutrients and primary production over the southeastern Beirng Sea shelf during spring of 1997,1998,and 1999
Interannual variations of nutrients and primary production over the southeastern Beirng Sea shelf during spring of 1997,1998,and 1999 TaeKeun Rho,Terry E. Whitledge, and John J. Goering Institute of Marine
A Timeline of Coastal Carbon Synthesis Activities
A Timeline of Coastal Carbon Synthesis Activities 2005: The North American Continental Margins Workshop Spring 2008: OCB Scoping Workshop Terrestrial and Coastal Carbon Fluxes in the Gulf of Mexico Summer
Intro to Biogeochemical Modeling Ocean & Coupled
Intro to Biogeochemical Modeling Ocean & Coupled Keith Lindsay, NCAR/CGD NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation Lecture Outline 1) Large Scale Ocean Biogeochemical Features 2) Techniques
Lakes, Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems Lecture #10 (9.22.11) Lakes, Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling (Schlesinger: Chapter 7) 1. Primary Production and Nutrient Cycling in Lakes Physical aspects and nomenclature
Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe. Franciscus Colijn and Wilhelm Petersen HZG
Status of FerryBox Systems in Europe Franciscus Colijn and Wilhelm Petersen HZG History of using Ships of Opportunity (SoOs) for Ocean Monitoring 1853 Brussels Conference: systemizing reporting of marine
7.8 Trophic Status of Jamaica Bay: Spatial and Temporal Patterns
7.8 Trophic Status of Jamaica Bay: Spatial and Temporal Patterns Chris Langdon 7.8.1 SUMMARY Oxygen data indicate that there are two periods of intense phytoplankton production during the year. There is
HYPOXIA Definition: ~63 µm; 2 mg l -1 ; 1.4 ml l -1 ; 30 %
HYPOXIA Definition: ~63 µm; 2 mg l -1 ; 1.4 ml l -1 ; 30 % Consequences of hypoxia Reduce habitat for living resources Change biogeochemical processes P released from sediments Denitrification reduced
The role of fixed-point deep ocean observatories in a global observing system. Richard S. Lampitt, Kate E. Larkin, Sue E. Hartman, Maureen Pagnani,
The role of fixed-point deep ocean observatories in a global observing system Richard S. Lampitt, Kate E. Larkin, Sue E. Hartman, Maureen Pagnani, Global Observing System 1. Satellite remote sensing 2.
Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake
Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake Fig. 6.6 Recall: Current ocean is gaining Carbon.. OCEAN Reservoir size: 38000 Flux in: 90 Flux out: 88+0.2=88.2 90-88.2 = 1.8 Pg/yr OCEAN is gaining 1.8 Pg/yr Sum of the
Biogeochemical Cycles
Biogeochemical Cycles N/P O 2 3 1 2 CO 2 4 1) Biological cycling 2) Gas exchange 3) Global sources/sinks 4) Chemical reactions and circulation, of course. WF: Chap. 5: Biological Fundamentals 6: Carbonate
Production and Life OCEA 101
Production and Life OCEA 101 Overview Photosynthesis Primary production Phytoplankton biomass Controls on primary production and biomass Food webs Photosynthesis Photosynthesis requires: (i) sunlight (ii)
Equatorial Pacific HNLC region
Equatorial Pacific HNLC region Another region with high nitrogen left over after the growing season Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: An EqPac synthesis
Oceanic Carbon Cycle
An Intro to the Oceanic Carbon Cycle Oceanic Carbon Cycle Why is C an important element? Cellular level essential for macromolecular synthesis Trophodynamics- important in energy flow between trophic levels.
Future climate scenarios for phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics in the Gulf of Riga
Future climate scenarios for phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics in the Gulf of Riga Bärbel Müller Karulis, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Juris Aigars, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology In colaboration
Oceanic Microbial Observatory Objectives
Connecting Heterotrophic Microorganisms to the Ocean C cycle at the Sargasso Sea Microbial Observatory Craig Carlson Steve Bob Giovannoni Morris Dennis Steve Hansell Giovannoni Alexander Treusch Bob Morris
Decadal and Longer-term changes of the CO 2 in the ocean
The 2 nd GEOSS AP Symposium 15 Apr 2008, Tokyo Decadal and Longer-term changes of the CO 2 in the ocean Masao Ishii Meteorological Research Institute, JMA Background Strong air-sea interaction Distribution
Why carbon? The Struggle for Composition 9/9/2010. Microbial biomass in the sea: Methods, limitations, and distributions
Microbial biomass in the sea: Methods, limitations, and distributions Key concepts in biological oceanography Matt Church (MSB 614 / 956-8779 / mjchurch@hawaii.edu) Marine Microplankton Ecology OCN 626
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE LNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREME,NTS FOR THE DEGREE, OF
EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND MESOSCALE EDDIES ON METABOLIC BALANCE IN THE SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE LNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
Error in Ecosystem Models
Error in Ecosystem Models Observational Support for Model Complexity Jerry Wiggert USM - Dept. of Marine Science jerry.wiggert@usm.edu Outline Assessment and Optimization of Ecosystem Model Parameters
2009/2010 Water Column Overview, Red Tide Update, and Bay Eutrophication Model 2010 Results. OMSAP Meeting June 30, 2011.
29/21 Water Column Overview, Red Tide Update, and Bay Eutrophication Model 21 Results OMSAP Meeting June 3, 211 Scott Libby Contributions from D. Anderson, D. Borkman, C.S. Chen, R. Geyer, and C. Oviatt
5.0 PHYTOPLANKTON PHYSIOLOGY. Luke Twomey Christopher P. Buzzelli Hans W. Paerl. 5.1 Introduction
5. PHYTOPLANKTON PHYSIOLOGY Luke Twomey Christopher P. Buzzelli Hans W. Paerl 5.1 Introduction Phytoplankon production is the primary source of organic carbon in the water column of the NRE (Matson and
Quantifying Sources & Sinks of Atmospheric CO 2. Uptake and Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon
Quantifying Sources & Sinks of Atmospheric CO 2 Uptake and Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon by Christopher L. Sabine ; NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, WA USA Acknowledgements: Richard A. Feely (PMEL), Frank Millero
UPPER OCEAN METHANE DYNAMICS -- ANNUAL REPORT
UPPER OCEAN METHANE DYNAMICS -- ANNUAL REPORT Francis J. Sansone Oceanography Department University of Hawaii 1000 Pope Road Honolulu, HI 96822 email: sansone@soest.hawaii.edu phone: (808) 956-8370 fax:
Causes of Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia
Causes of Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Nancy N. Rabalais 1 R. Eugene Turner 2 1 Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium 2 Louisiana State University Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Coastal Ocean
Calcium carbonate saturation state and ocean acidification in Tokyo Bay, Japan
Calcium carbonate saturation state and ocean acidification in Tokyo Bay, Japan Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai (TUMSAT) Natsuko Kawamura, Tsuneo Ono, Naohiro Kosugi, Atsushi Kubo, Masao Ishii, and Jota Kanda Tokyo
Tracking the fate of carbon in the ocean using thorium-234
Tracking the fate of carbon in the ocean using thorium-234 Ken Buesseler Dept. of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Outline 1. Background- the biological pump & why
Using dynamic biomes and a climate model to describe the responses of the North Pacific to climate change over the 21 st Century
Using dynamic biomes and a climate model to describe the responses of the North Pacific to climate change over the 21 st Century Jeffrey Polovina 1, John Dunne 2, Phoebe Woodworth 1, and Evan Howell 1
Decadal Changes in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean Inorganic Carbon Inventories
Decadal Changes in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean Inorganic Carbon Inventories by Christopher L. Sabine (PMEL), Richard A. Feely (PMEL), Frank Millero (RSMAS), Andrew Dickson (SIO), Rik Wanninkhof
Jeffrey Polovina 1, John Dunne 2, Phoebe Woodworth 1, and Evan Howell 1 Julia Blanchard 3
Projected expansion of the subtropical biome and contraction of the temperate and equatorial upwelling biomes in the North Pacific under global warming Jeffrey Polovina 1, John Dunne 2, Phoebe Woodworth
Deliverables Workpackage Process Studies. 1. Data Base. WP2: Measurements of the Baltic Sea CO 2 system and carbon inventories
Deliverables Workpackage 2 1. Data Base 2. Process Studies D5 D6 D7 Seasonally resolved pco 2 fields for the entire Baltic Sea Seasonally resolved pco 2 fields for the entire Baltic Sea: Updates Improved
Feedback mechanisms between cyanobacterial blooms, transient hypoxia and benthic phosphorus regeneration in shallow coastal environments
Low oxygen environments in marine, estuarine and fresh waters 46th International Liege colloquium 5-9 May 214 Feedback mechanisms between cyanobacterial blooms, transient hypoxia and benthic phosphorus
U.S. ECoS. U.S. Eastern Continental Shelf Carbon Budget: Modeling, Data Assimilation, and Analysis
U.S. ECoS U.S. Eastern Continental Shelf Carbon Budget: Modeling, Data Assimilation, and Analysis A project of the NASA Earth System Enterprise Interdisciplinary Science Program E. Hofmann, M. Friedrichs,
The Ins and Outs of Estuarine Acidification: Proton [H + T] Fluxes in the Murderkill Estuary (Delaware)
The Ins and Outs of Estuarine Acidification: Proton [H + T] Fluxes in the Murderkill Estuary (Delaware) Stephen F. Gonski*, Daniel T. Pettay, Wei Jun Cai, and William J. Ullman. School of Marine Science
Incorporating Respiration into the Ocean Carbon Budget: Lifting the Lid off Pandora s Box
Incorporating Respiration into the Ocean Carbon Budget: Lifting the Lid off Pandora s Box Peter J. le B. Williams, School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK JGOFS s two primary goals: 1.
Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling. Lecture Outline
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems (10.06.16) Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 8 Lecture Outline 1. Seasonal cycle of lake stratification Temperature / density relationship
Biological and physical controls on DMS production and emission during VOCALS
Biological and physical controls on DMS production and emission during VOCALS Patricia Matrai Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences Barry Huebert University of Hawaii VOCALS REx workshop, June 12-13, 2007
Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling
OCN 401-Biogeochemical Systems (9.28.17) Lakes: Primary Production, Budgets and Cycling Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 8 Lecture Outline 1. Seasonal cycle of lake stratification Temperature / density relationship
Ocean iron fertilization for CO 2 sequestration
Ocean iron fertilization for CO 2 sequestration Jorge L. Sarmiento Princeton University with contributions from Rick Slater, Anand Gnanadesikan, John Dunne, and Irina Marinov; also Nicolas Gruber, Xin
Biogeochemical fluxes in scenario simulations for the Baltic Sea in the period with Saint-Petersburg Baltic Eutrophication Model (SPBEM)
Biogeochemical fluxes in scenario simulations for the Baltic Sea in the period 196-2 with Saint-Petersburg Baltic Eutrophication Model (SPBEM) Vladimir Ryabchenko1, Alexey Isaev2, Mikhail Molchanov2, Tatjyana
See the Appendix for additional information about the priority guidelines.
US GEOTRACES Guidelines for participating in the Peru-Tahiti section 28 November 2011 PURPOSE This document was prepared by the US GEOTRACES Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) to serve as a resource for
Autonomous Measurements of Oceanic Dissolved Nitrate from Commercially Available Profiling Floats Equipped with ISUS
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Autonomous Measurements of Oceanic Dissolved Nitrate from Commercially Available Profiling Floats Equipped with ISUS Stephen
Mechanisms generating spatial variability in Ross Sea biogeochemical fields
Mechanisms generating spatial variability in Ross Sea biogeochemical fields Matthew C. Long National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate and Global Dynamics Division 15 November 1 1 Global carbon cycle
To upscale or downscale? Thoughts on bridging disparate scales of space and time in linking the planetary to the plankton
To upscale or downscale? Thoughts on bridging disparate scales of space and time in linking the planetary to the plankton Nate Mantua University of Washington JISAO/SMA Climate Impacts Group PICES/CLIVAR
Ocean fertilization: what we have learned from models
Ocean fertilization: what we have learned from models Jorge L. Sarmiento Princeton University I. A tutorial on the biological pump and its role in controlling the air-sea balance of CO 2 II. A tutorial
What we can measure vs. What we want to know.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE 18 September 2015 What we can measure vs. What we want to know. William Ullman School of Marine Science and Policy University of Delaware, Lewes 9/15/2015 Inland
Melissa Chierici. Institute of Marine Research And Professor at University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) Norway
Future challenges to fill the gaps in the marine chemistry and the ocean s capacity for atmospheric CO 2 sequestration in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean Melissa Chierici Institute of Marine
Oceans OUTLINE. Reading: White, Chapter 15 Today Finish estuaries and particles, then: 1. The oceans: currents, stratification and chemistry
Oceans OUTLINE Reading: White, Chapter 15 Today Finish estuaries and particles, then: 1. The oceans: currents, stratification and chemistry Next Time Salinity Exercise bring something to calculate with
An Investigation of the Role of Nutrient Gradients in the Episodic Formation, Maintenance and Decay of Thin Plankton Layers in Coastal Waters
An Investigation of the Role of Nutrient Gradients in the Episodic Formation, Maintenance and Decay of Thin Plankton Layers in Coastal Waters Alfred K. Hanson SubChem Systems, Inc. 65 Pier Road Narragansett,
COUPLED PHYSICAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODELS
COUPLED PHYSICAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODELS Upwelling CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF EUTROPHICATION IN THE COASTAL OCEAN Nutrient/ Acid Deposition Local Emissions HABs! Phytoplankton Blooms Senesce and Settling Respiration:
Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen Isotopes in Northern Indian Ocean
Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen Isotopes in Northern Indian Ocean Thesis submitted to The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology By Sanjeev
Observations of the terrestrial carbon cycle
Observations of the terrestrial carbon cycle Shaun Quegan ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Lecture content Measuring the global C balance and its components Atmospheric observations of CO2 Using satellite
Chemical and biological effects on mesopelagic organisms and communities in a high-co 2 world
Chemical and biological effects on mesopelagic organisms and communities in a high-co 2 world Louis Legendre Villefranche Oceanography Laboratory, France Richard B. Rivkin Memorial University of Newfoundland,
Chemical Sensors on Profiling Floats
Chemical Sensors on Profiling Floats Todd Martz Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ken Johnson MBARI AST-11 24 March 2010 Seven years of O 2 data near HOT from floats. Biggest challenge make data from
Carbon Cycling or. perspective. CE5508 Biogeochemistry
Carbon Cycling or the importance of methods & perspective CE5508 Biogeochemistry Spring 2006 Topics to cover GPP vs. NPP vs. NEP (NCP) Carbon flow paths Allochthonous (exogenous) vs. autochthonous (endogenous)
Measurements and Models of Primary Productivity
Measurements and Models of Primary Productivity Supported by NSERC 1 including OTN John J. Cullen! Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2! 2014 C-MORE Summer