POND PREPARATION. 1. Purpose

Transcription

1 . Purpose POND PREPARATION Date: October 30, 04 This protocol provides the instruction for proper pond preparation prior stocking fish to ensure that it is in good condition for stocking. Good pond preparation can serve a number of purposes: Sterilize and improve soil quality of ponds; Induce production of natural foods; Increase tilapia survival, health and growth due to good quality water.. Scope Different activities involved in pond preparation before stocking. Farmers are responsible for preparation of their ponds; Technicians are responsible for monitoring farmers work. Fertilizers: Urea and NPK (--6); Agricultural lime (CaCO 3 ); Screen nets; Buckets; A liter container with handle. 5. Procedure or method 5.. Pond preparation a. Newly excavated ponds Fill in the pond with water for flatting the bottom for one or two week. Drain water from ponds completely; b. Old ponds Drain water from ponds completely; Remove all plant in the pond; Remove bottom sludge, just remain a mud layer of 5 cm. 5.. Pond drying Dry the pond for one or two weeks depending on the weather and the water remaining in the pond. The pond is dried until the soil cracks or when it is firm enough to hold one's weight without sinking more than 5 cm on walking over the surface Pond repairing During the process of drying the ponds, repairing activities must be undertaken: Repair of dikes, inlets, outlets and overflow gate; Recondition pond bottom trench; Install screen net;

2 Date: October 30, 04 Trim the grass around dikes but do not uproot to protect the dikes from erosion. Uproot grasses that are inside the ponds only to avoid the fertilizer competition Liming Saturate pond with water to enhance the lime reaction with pond soil; Broadcast lime over dried pond at: o 0 kg agricultural lime/00 m for newly dug ponds. o 5-7 kg agricultural lime /00 m for old ponds. Notices: lime should be spread evenly on the pond bottom and dike slopes. Don t apply liming during windy weather. Dry the ponds for one to two weeks Filling up the ponds for fertilization Fill up the ponds until 30 centimeters. Notices: Make sure inlet and overflow pipes should be covered with screen nets to prevent wild fish from being introduced Fertilization Fertilize the ponds with urea (0,35 kg/00 m ) and NPK (0,50 kg/00 m ) by mixing the fertilizers with water in a basket and spreading the fertilizer mix over water surface. Let the pond fertilize for three days or up to a week until water becomes green; Fill up the pond to 0.8 meter; Use Secchi disk to check the water. When visibility of Secchi disk reaches about 30 cm, tilapia can be stocked. Notice: If necessary, maintain weekly fertilization at 0.35 kg urea/00m and 0.50 kg NPK/00m by placing them in gunny sacks or plastic bottles with minor holes suspended in the water to enable this fertilizer to dissolve gradually thus providing a continuous supply of nutrients for the plankton. 6. Results and records Good pond reparation can be reflect through: Good water quality (see Water Quality Record Form); Enough water level ( m); Health of tilapias during the st week of stocking. Record: Amount of lime and fertilizers used per each pond; Water quality (see Water Quality Record Form) and water level in the pond.

3 . Purpose FINGERLING STOCKING Date: November 6, 04 This protocol provides the instruction for proper stocking of fingerlings to ensure the high survival of the fingerlings to be stocked and optimum stocking density.. Scope Different activities involved in fingerling stocking. Farmers are responsible for stocking their fish. Tilapia fingerlings. 5. Procedure 5.. Stocking density: Apply 3 fingerlings (5-6 gram) per m. Calculate number of fingerlings needed for each pond based on the density and pond area. 5.. Stoking period: When visibility of Secchi disk reaches about 30 cm, tilapia can be stocked. Stock the fish in early morning or late afternoon when the temperature is not too hot Acclimatization: As the fish arrive at the farm, put plastic bags containing the fish in the pond for fifteen to thirty minutes Stocking Release the fish progressively in the water carefully. Feed the fish in the following afternoon after stocking. 6. Results and records Record table:

4 Pond 3 Visibility of Secchi disk (cm) Pond area (m ) Date: November 6, 04 Number of Density Time fingerlings

5 FEEDING Date: October 30, 04. Purpose This protocol provides the instruction for proper feeding to ensure the optimum growth of fish.. Scope Different activities involved in feeding method such as ratio and timing of feeding. Farmers are responsible for feeding their fish according to the protocol. Feed Basket 5. Procedure 5.. Feeding frequency and timing 5.. Feeding ratio 5.3. Notice When feeding, we must consider a certain number of parameters like: Visibility of water; Nutritional requirements according to the size and the age of fish; The nourishing values 6. Results and records Good stocking can be reflect through: Checklist: Pond 3 Activities of tilapias after stocking. Visibility of Secchi disk (cm) Pond area (m ) Number of fingerlings Density Time

6 . Purpose Date: November 7, 04 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT This protocol provides proper instructions for water management to provide a relatively stress free environment that meets the physical, chemical and biological standards for the fishes normal health and production performance.. Scope Water quality refers to anything in the water, be it physical, chemical or biological that affects the production of fish. Farmers are responsible for managing water quality of their ponds. Technicians weekly monitor the farmer s pond water quality. Thermometer Secchi dish Oxygen guard 5. Procedure for managing the water quality parameters 5.. Temperature The temperature of water should be situated between 7 C to 3 C. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature weekly. Notice: This is protocol semi-intensive culture system, which has low stocking density (3 fish/m ), so it s not necessary to measure temperature and oxygen daily. 5.. Oxygen Use an oxygen guard to measure the dissolved oxygen weekly by technician. Farmers monitor oxygen level at daytime observing the fish. If they are gasping for air at the water surface, farmers have to partially renew the water. But from 5-7am, it is normal to see the fish gasping air at the water surface 5.3. Turbidity Use the Secchi disk to measure the turbidity of water.

7 Visibility (cm) Evaluation Solution Date: November 7, 04 < 5 Over fertilized Stop fertilization temporarily and to renew water progressively Optimum Maintenance fertilization of the pond according to the recommended dose. > 40 Under-fertilized It is necessary to think about to apply required dose of fertilization. Besides water turbidity (visibility of Secchi disk), the watercolor should be considered. Color Causes Evaluation Light green Chlorophyta algae Good Brown-yellow Silic algae (Bacillariophyta) Acceptable Dark green Cyanophyta, Cyanobacteria Not suitable Back-brown Organic materials and Euglenophyta Not suitable Orange-yellow Sulphate of iron Not suitable Red Alluvium of soil Not suitable Farmers should also observe the water surface. The presence of scum (floating algae), foam (protein), bubble (too saturated oxygen or metan gas and/or CO created from degradation of organic materials in the pond) are not good for fish. 6. Results and records Temperature; Oxygen; Turbidity of water; Other eventualities observed during the measures of these parameters.

8 HARVESTING Protocol: Harvesting Date: November 7, 04. Purpose This protocol provides instructions for proper harvesting to ensure that fish is in good quality post harvesting.. Scope This protocol covers all activities referring to harvesting tilapia. Farmers are responsible for harvesting their fish properly. Seine net, Wood to set the seine, Box and plastic bag, bucket, Weighing scale and standard, Ice block for the transport, Strap, Harvest sheet, pen, calculator, Hapa. 5. Procedure 5.. Period of implementation: In general, fish is harvested after five to six months (during warm season) or six to eight (during the cold season) of culture when the average size of fish exceeds 50g. 5.. Before the harvest itself: Stop feeding the fish 4 hours before the date of harvest, Prepare in advance all necessary equipment for harvesting and transporting and manpower, Drain the pond on the eve harvest day or in very early morning of harvest day. Set up a m hapa in another pond or in the clear water area near the harvest pond. Notice: Farmers should keep the fish in hapa until finish harvesting all fish in pond to avoid decrease in fish quality During the harvest: Use a seine net to harvest the fish when pond s water is around 30 cm. Wash the fish and transfer them to the hapa. Empty the pond and capture in the shallow part of pond and progressing in the deepest area. Wash the fish and transfer them to the hapa. When finish harvesting, transport fish from the hapa to a suitable place for weighing.

9 Protocol: Harvesting Date: November 7, 04 Separate the fish according to size: small, medium, large. Sampling: take 00 individuals randomly from each size and weigh them. Weigh each 0 kg of fish and put into a plastic bag by 0 kg and seal with strap, Transport fish bags immediately to the car for ice storage. Notice: if there is too much difference between the size of the fish, a partial harvest can be done, in order to harvest only the big fish. 6. Results/records Pond Record table: Size (g) Small fish Medium fish Large fish Quantity Size Quantity Size (Kg) (g) (Kg) (g) Quantity (Kg) Total (kg) FCR