Climate Smart Cities: Healthy Connected Chattanooga

Transcription

1 Cool 29% Urban Heat Island Mapping Daytime Land Surface Temperature Hot Spots 33.0% This model identifies urban heat islands within Chattanooga city limits with elevated daytime land surface temperatures (LST) averaging at least 1.25 degrees Fahrenheit above the mean daily temperature during July and August of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer) MYD11A2 Land Surface Temperature & Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN MODIS/Aqua MYD11A2 satellite data provides a 1 kilometer (0.6 mi) gridded average land surface temperature over 8 day periods derived using a split-window algorithm. National Climatic Center Climate Normals Historical temperature records show that warmest months in the city of Chattanooga are and Records July and August. Nine consecutive 8-day MODIS LST averages were compiled to create a 2-month average over the period June 26 - September This broad time span helps to alleviate issues relating to short term temperature fluxuations and absence of satellite data in specific areas due to cloud cover or other issues. USGS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) Nighttime Land Surface Temperature Hot Spots 33.0% This model identifies urban heat islands within Chattanooga city limits with elevated nighttime land surface temperatures (LST) averaging at least 1.25 degrees Fahrenheit above the mean daily temperature during July and August of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer) MYD11A2 Land Surface Temperature & Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN MODIS/Aqua MYD11A2 satellite data provides a 1 kilometer (0.6 mi) gridded average land surface temperature over 8 day periods derived using a split-window algorithm. National Climatic Center Climate Normals Historical temperature records show that warmest months in the city of Chattanooga are and Records July and August. Nine consecutive 8-day MODIS LST averages were compiled to create a 2-month average over the period June 26 - September This broad time span helps to alleviate issues relating to short term temperature fluxuations and absence of satellite data in specific areas due to cloud cover or other issues. USGS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) Impervious Surface Analysis Impervious Cover 33.0% This model identifies areas with impervious cover based on hard surfaces inventory data, including buildings, roads, sidewalks, driveways, parking Lots, rail, and other miscellaneous structures within the city limits Buildings, Roads, Sidewalks, Driveways, Parking Lots, Rail, Miscellaneous Impervious (including updates for Enterprise Industrial Park) Connect 12.5% The analysis identifies priority linkages to create a connected park system using bike corridors and existing trails as a greenway spine. The analysis incorporates a two-step approach: 1) identify opportunities for connectivity based on linear land features, 2) refine needs for connectivity based on demographic profiles, proximity to popular destinations, and gaps to trail and bike routes. The following criteria were considered in this analysis: Opportunities for Connectivity on Linear Land Features Planned Trails NA (Not Applicable) High connectivity priority is given to planned trails. Proposed trail and Greenway UTC/Thrive 2055 Wide Local Streets NA High connectivity priority is given to collector lanes and local road lanes with a width greater then 9 meters. These roads are considered to be wider than average and thus could support bike lanes. Streets

2 Rivers and Creeks NA High connectivity priority is given to rivers and creeks. Stream corridors (hydro line/polygon data) Out-of-Service Railroads NA High connectivity priority is given to out-of-service railroads. Railroads Utility Corridors NA Medium connectivity priority is given to utility corridors. Utility corridors Tennessee Valley Authority Existing Bike Corridors NA High connectivity priority is given to existing bike lanes. Existing bike lanes Connectivity Needs Population Density NA High priority is given to block groups with a high population density. Residents per acre for each block group is derived from ParkScore % Kids 19 and under NA High priority is given to block groups with a high percentage of kids under 19. % Kids 19 and under for each block group is derived from ParkScore % Low income households NA High priority is given to block groups with a high percentage of low income households. % low income households for each block group is derived from ParkScore Trailhead Parking NA High priority is given to trailhead parking buffered by 1/2 mile UT Chattanooga Academic Research and Computing Services ParkScore Service Area NA High priority is given to ParkScore park service areas TPL Overlapping ParkScore NA Priority is given to overlapping ParkScore park service areas. The more overlap 2014 TPL Service Area between service areas the higher the priority. Street Intersection Density NA Priority is given to areas with a high density of street intersections TPL Libraries NA High priority is given to libraries buffered by a 1/2 mile. Libraries Schools NA High priority is given to schools buffered by a 1/2 mile. Schools Blueway Access Points and Marinas NA High priority is given to boat ramp and marinas buffered by a 1/2 mile. Blueway access points UTC Thrive, Outdoor Chattanooga, TPL Chattanooga Historic Districts NA High priority is given to historic districts buffered by a 1/2 mile. Historic districts (polygon) Historic Sites NA High priority is given to historic sites buffered by a 1/2 mile. Historic sites (point) and/or NPS National Register of Historic Places Transit Hubs NA High priority is given to transit hubs buffered by a 1/2 mile. Transit hubs / park and rides Wildlife Habitat / Corridors NA High priority is given to wildlife habitat corridors. Wildlife habitat/corridors UTC Low Trail Density NA Areas with low trail density are ranked highest priority Existing trail and Greenway Low Protected Bike Corridor Density NA Areas with low protected bike corridor density are ranked highest priority Existing bike corridors Absorb and Protect 29% Runoff Potential

3 Estimated Runoff Volume 13.0% Stay-On-Volume (SOV) initiative seeks to manage small rainfall events on a site-by-site basis so that there is no runoff or surface discharge. As part of the SOV initiative, the 1" rule is currently defined as: Any new or redevelopment project must capture the first 1" of rainfall (1.6" for portions of the watershed with state-listed species). Curve Number Values, Soils, Historic Rainfall This model estimates runoff volume for a 1" storm event using the NRCS Curve Number methodology which considers soil and landuse characteristics. Runoff levels were scored based on projected runoff as follows: Greater than 0.75" = Highest Priority 0.5"- 0.75" = Moderate-High Priority 0.25" -0.5" = Moderate Priority Less than 0.25" = not scored Wetness Index 13.0% This result developed by RPA and Andropogon as part of the 2012 Rapid Assessment identifies areas that are more likely to drain poorly, or be saturated due to topography, upslope contributing area, depth to soil restrictive layers, and hydraulic conductivity of the soil Rapid Assessment & Opportunities/Constraints Mapping Chattanooga-Hamilton County Regional Planning Agency Andropogon Associates Qiu 2009 topmodel equation calculated using raster calculator; Inputs include: 1. soil depth to restrictive layer (SSURGO corestrictions, redept_r, if no data- take average NRCS hydro group (B= 75, D=25), 2. mean saturated hydraulic conductivity (SSURGO chorizon, kdat_r, no data- D=.5, C=5, B=20, A=40), 3. upslope contributing area (number of upstream elements multiplied by area= flow accumulation from archydro multiplied by 42.25'), 4. slope angle (DEM and spatial analyst) Risk of Flooding Floodway and Flood Zones 13.0% This model identifies areas prone to flooding based on FEMA DFIRM delineations. Flood FEMA DFIRM flood data UTC/Thrive 2055 areas were scored as follows: Floodways = Highest Priority 100-yr Floodzone = Moderate High Priority 500-yr Floodzone = Moderate Priority Water Quality Protection Priorities Stream Corridor Evaluation (SCORE) for Riparian Buffers (Updated Feb 12, 2015) 13.0% This model applies a Stream Corridor Evaluation (SCORE) ranking to riparian buffers. SCORE is the s method for visually inspecting all streams in Chattanooga in accordance with the NPDES permit requirements. SCORE analyzes streams to determine the following impairment severity indices: in or near stream construction, channel alteration, barriers and blockages, outfalls, current erosion, canopy, and buffer. An overall severity index is computed by combining the individual severity indices listed above. 35 is the greatest possible severity index. Hydrology SCORE Riparian buffers were delineated using an ideal 60' buffer from Top of Bank (or 60' from floodway for FEMA-studied streams). Buffers were then assigned a protection priority as follows based on a SCORE Severity index of: or greater = Highest Priority = Moderately High = Minor Priority - 2 no SCORE result available = Moderate Priority for streams, High Priority for TN River Wetland and Pond Buffers 13.0% This model buffers wetlands and ponds by 30 ft. Wetlands National Wetlands Inventory

4 Combined Sewer System Areas 15.0% Identifies locations of Combined Sewer System (CSS) areas. Areas with CSO structures are ranked slightly higher for potential of contamination. Combined Sewer System Areas (CSS) Combined Sewer System Overflows (CSO), Public Works Department Illicit Discharge Potential (IDP) Scores by Subbasin 20.0% Illicit discharge potential (IDP) quantifies the likelihood that an illicit discharge will occur and is used to identify priority sub-basins. The criteria for determining the IDP score includes discharge complaints, age of sanitary sewer infrastructure, impervious cover, outfalls per mile of stream, NPDES permitted industrial dischargers, amount of clay pipe present, stream corridor assessment, drainage complaints, SSOs, area of industrial property, area of commercial property, and presence of hot areas. The City has defined sub-basins as smaller drainage areas within larger watersheds. An IDP score is computed for each sub-basin using the criteria listed above. This model reflects the relative overall Illicit Discharge Potential for each sub-basin. Sub-basins were assigned a protection priority as follows: IDP 18 or greater = Highest Priority - 5 IDP = Moderate Priority - 3 IDP Less than 13 = Minor Priority - 1 IDP Score not available = assume Moderate Priority Subbasins_CityWide Equitable Access and Health 29% Health Indicators % Obese Teens 8.5% Estimated % teens ages in each blockgroup that are in the 95th percentile for BMIfor-age 2010 childhood Obesity Rates Center for Disease Control index (classified as "obese" in the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health) Likelihood of Obese or Overweight Adults 8.5% Likelihood of adults 18 years or older that are either overweight (BMI greater than or equal to 25) or obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30). County statistics were selfreported via 2009 BRFSS poll. TN Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) TN Likelihood of Adults not meeting Physical Activity Recommendations 8.5% Likelihood of adults 18 years or older not meeting physical activity recommendations of participating in either moderate physical activity for 30 or more minutes per day on five or more days per week, or vigorous activity for 20 or more minutes per day on three or more days per week. County statistics were self-reported via 2009 BRFSS poll. TN Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) TN Likelihood of Heart Disease 8.5% Hospitalization rates (per 100,000 residents) in Hamilton County due to heart disease. are for discharges, not necessarily for unique patients and are calculated for all ages. Age adjusted to the 2000 standard US population. Likelihood of Diabetes 8.5% Hospitalization rates (per 100,000 residents) in Hamilton County due to diabetes. are for discharges, not necessarily for unique patients and are calculated for all ages. Age adjusted to the 2000 standard US population. Hospital Discharge System, Tennessee Hospital Discharge System, Tennessee

5 Likelihood of Suicide 4.0% Mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 residents) in Hamilton County due to suicide Age adjusted to the 2000 standard US population. Likelihood of Stroke 8.5% Hospitalization rates (per 100,000 residents) in Hamilton County due to stroke. are for discharges, not necessarily for unique patients and are calculated for all ages. Age adjusted to the 2000 standard US population Mortality Rates TN, Likelihood of Respiratory Disease 4.0% Hospitalization rates (per 100,000 residents) in Hamilton County due to CLRD (Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease). are for discharges, not necessarily for unique patients and are calculated for all ages. Age adjusted to the 2000 standard US population. Hospital Discharge System, Tennessee Demographic Need Population Density 8.5% Residents per acre by census block group. % Kids 19 and under 4.0% Percent children 19 and under by census block group. % Low income households 8.5% Percent low income households by census block group. A low income household is defined as a household with less than $33,000 annual income (approximately 75% of the median household income for the ). % Seniors 65 and older 4.0% Percent seniors 65 and older by census block group. Fitness Facility Access Access to Recreation Facilities 8.5% Access to recreation facilities that provide un-programmed public access to at least a portion of their recreational amenities and have no barriers to entry, such as membership or entrance fees. These sites may provide unique partnership opportunities for establishing and maintaining new fitness zones. Areas within 1/2 mile of an existing recreation facilities were score highest. Areas within 1/2 to 1 mile were scored moderately. Publicly Accessible Recreation Facilities