KAP Baseline in Targeted Villages

Transcription

1 KAP Baseline in Targeted Villages SUKAAR FOUNDATION WATER AID ROHITT

2 CONTENTS Introduction... 2 Survey Methodology... 4 summary of findings... 6 Village Daarah... 8 Village MAU Akhairaj Conclusion & Recommendations Annexes TOOL NO_1 KAP Rain Water Harvesting (FGDs with Male) TOOL NO_2 KAP Rain Water Harvesting (FGDs with Female) TOOL NO_3 KAP Rain Water Harvesting (Schools) KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 1

3 INTRODUCTION The desert Tharparkar district is spread over 21,000 square kilometres and inhabited by some 1.5 million people in 2,325 villages. Thar Desert is the 7th largest desert of the world and is stretched on the eastern side of Sindh to the Indian state of Rajasthan. In Thar, most of the people depend on livestock for their livelihood. In Tharparkar, the monsoon season begins from the second week of June and continues till mid- September. The annual rainfall in the entire district is between 200 and 250mm. Around 93 percent of the rainfall comes in the form of a few spells confined to the monsoon season that lasts for 65 to 75 days. If it does not rain during this period, a drought-like situation arises, resulting in acute shortage of food, fodder and water. Drought is a recurring phenomenon in the Thar. According to previous 20 years historical trend of droughts in the desert district, the region has been continually declared as calamity-hit area owing to drought in 1968, 1978, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2005 and What is somber to note here is that despite the realization that drought is a recurring phenomenon in Tharparakar, no strategy has been hammered out ever by governments to avoid impacts of drought. There are around million cattle heads in Sindh and nearly 60 percent of them are in Tharparkar district alone 1. During drought and severe water scarcity watering animal is another major challenge for the people of Tharparkar when it is not enough even to drink. These people in Tharparkar need constant relief and some functional water harvesting approaches to continue the pace from monsoon to monsoon season. It is important to relate the Sukaar Foundation (SF) development initiatives in the District since last decade with particular focus on Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) to this report. SF instigated baseline in the targeted villages of union councils Jorou and Mithrio Bhatti in District Tharparkar. This baseline is the part of WASH project initiatives implemented through assistance of Water Aid. Primary objective of the baseline was to collect and analyze information regarding Water Availability - with the given objective the baseline collected data on water related indicators focused on accessibility to clean drinking water, water harvesting mechanism and alternate means during water shortage in the targeted villages. 1 The livestock census KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 2

4 In keeping with the internationally accepted rules of conducting a survey, all the ethical consideration were observed by all the concerned. As a matter of principle, informed consent was solicited from all the respondents by informing them the purpose of the baseline and telling that their participation was voluntary and the data collected will be used for making policies and program interventions. Also, the scope of baseline and tools were explained, and they were informed about the approximate length of time required. The audio and visual privacy of respondent is well maintained and ensured, and all the information collected is kept confidential and processing codes were given to the questionnaires. Geographical spread for the baseline includes the two targeted villages of SF, Daarah and Mau Akhairaj of UCs Jorou and Mithrio Bhatti. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 3

5 SURVEY METHODOLOGY The focus of the study was to conduct a detailed survey using both the qualitative as well as quantitative techniques on designed tools in the targeted schools. The quantitative as well as qualitative research tools are adopted in this study using structured FGDs. In order to understand the knowledge, attitude and practices detailed FGDs were conducted separately with male community members, female community members and school teachers. FDGS were organized with all key segments of the society (male, female, school teachers and children) to get the following information: Understanding of and Information about Safe drinking water Water Borne diseases Awareness about Potable Water Water Harvesting Practices Water Boiling and Treatment Status of Water Sources Dug Well / Water Extraction SF and ROHITT both were much conscious in the selection of data enumeration team. A detailed staff review was conducted and some external experience individuals were nominated and finalized for the enumeration. The data enumeration team members were finalized comprising of 6 field enumerators (3 male and 3 female), along with 01 field level supervisor. Identification and selection was based upon a capacity to thoroughly understand the data tools and previous related experience. All the 06 enumerators were called at SF Head Office Mithi to attend Comprehensive Orientation, jointly conducted by WASH experts and researchers from ROHITT and SF. The First part of the Comprehensive Training comprised of class room lectures, power point presentations, role plays and group works to impart a holistic understanding of the key concepts and the Survey Tools, i.e. Questionnaires of FGDs. In second all the enumerators and Trainer were driven to field area adjacent to project union councils, for hands-on practice in the field to fillup the questionnaires which constituted an integral component of the Comprehensive Training. Each of the enumerators filled-up at least one Questionnaire by conducting detailed FGDs. Field visit was followed by checking of the Questionnaires filled by each of the enumerators and others and subsequently group sessions were conducted to jointly discuss the mistakes and omissions noticed in the KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 4

6 work and their rectification to ensuring the quality of actual fieldwork. The combined training of all the enumerators coupled with its well-crafted design ensured uniformity and equal level of understanding among the participants. Actual fieldwork of the baseline has been carried out in both targeted villages. During data collection, access to the respondents was also facilitated by the SF to village level. The data collection process continued for about one week. Quality Control mechanism was deputed to work with both field teams for 02 days to undertake several tasks: observe on-going interviews for delivery of questions verify and validate information recorded by interviewers by revisiting and re-interviewing respondents, review completed interviews/questionnaires and provide on-the-job training for weaker field staff. Ensuring high-quality data was a prime concern during the survey and was ensured through regular supervision and monitoring of SF and ROHITT during fieldwork. To ensure quality of the data, the field teams were regularly monitored and supervised. The checked forms were moved to data punching staff, were punching experts under supervision of M&E experts were used to punch all the forms. The punched data was regularly cross checked by M&E experts and final data sheets were handed over to analysis experts for the further analysis and drafting of baseline report. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 5

7 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS As water is key factor contributing the livelihoods of the people in Tharparkar, which are dependent on rain fed agriculture and livestock rearing. Ground water is major sources of water in the district for both drinking, domestic cum economic purpose. FGDs in both villages also confirmed that dug well is major source of drinking water in both villages. It seems that none of the households have access to safe drinking water they are constrained to fetch water from dug wells which are the only source of drinking water for animals as well. This ground water is used for more than 08 months a year, unless it is not rainy season and little water is harvested in small tankas (tanks) and few containers available at household level. Whereas, more than 90% of the ground water is brackish and not safe to drink as per SF/ WHO water testing of dug wells, with high concentration of various salts and minerals dangerous for human as well as livestock health. FGDs highlight that in both these village the available ground water is not even sweet enough to drink. Distance of fetching water varies from 1-2 kilometers. Mostly women and female children are responsible to fetch water. Earthen pots are used for water carrying. The water storage system is almost unavailable for around 75% of the households 25% have underground water tanks used for rain-water harvesting. During it is raining good quality of water is available, however as vanishes as soon as rain is off. On an average around liters of water can be stored in different containers available in the households commonly earthen pots. FGDs highlighted minimum required of drinking, cooking and washing on daily basis stands at least liters per household. This intimates that women in the village have to undergo three round trips per day to meet the minimum possible household water consumption requirement. More importantly available water is not enough for the households in the village On asking the question why the available water is not sufficient, all the FGDs summarized that dug well go to dry after an hour or two of water extraction-women in these villages have to wait long for the turn of water. Sometimes in hot weather it takes complete day to get minimum water. Women FGDs also shared that they have to get early to dug wells, sometimes in mid night even to get water, this leads them drag to different challenges of darkness as snakes, poisonous insects and even harassment or assault. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 6

8 It has also been highlighted that mostly women and female children are responsible to water fetching. The water is only filtered with cloth to separate dust and visible dust particles, there is no other treatment method adopted as water boiling, filtering with bio sand etc in the village. In response to the question In your opinion what exactly can be done to harvest maximum rain water, available for all throughout the year? All the FGDs responded that availability of proper harvesting structures, as underground tanks and pond at village level as essential intervention which will enable them harvest and use rain water throughout the year. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 7

9 VILLAGE DAARAH All the three FGDs i-e (FGDs with male members, FGDs with female members and FGDs with school teachers/children were conducted with village Daarah. Summary of Findings from all FGDs is narrated below; All FGDs highlighted that dug well is major source of drinking water for the villages. The dug well are unprotected and insecure of women, children and livestock in the village. FGDs highlighted that on an average the dug well is at the distance of around 0.5 kilometer from the households and it takes around half an hour of round trip for the household members (women) to fetch water. On an average around 40 liters of water can be stored in different utensils available in the households commonly mud pots. FGDs highlighted minimum required of drinking, cooking and washing on daily basis stands at least 90 liters per household. This intimates that women in the village have to undergo three round trips per day to meet the minimum possible household water consumption requirement. FGDs also highlighted that available water is not enough for the households in the village On asking the question why the available water is not sufficient, all the FGDs summarized that dug well go to dry after an hour or two of water extraction, the women in villages have to wait long for the turn of water. Sometimes in hot weather it takes complete day to get minimum water. Women FGDs also shared that they have to get early to dug wells, sometimes in mid night even to get water, this leads them drag to different challenges of darkness as snakes, poisonous insects and even harassment or assault. It has also been highlighted that mostly women and female children are responsible to water fetching. The water is only filtered with cloth to separate dust and visible dust particles, there is no other treatment method adopted as water boiling, filtering with bio sand etc in the village. Around 70% household store water in Buckets, jerry canes bottle, drums, mud pots etc, whereas 25% households don t have any water storage utensils. More importantly the containers used for water storage are usually narrowed mouth, resulting wastage of water during storage as well. Only 5% households were having underground tanks to harvest rain water or ensure water storage in quantity however detailed probing confirmed that these tanks are traditionally build with mud and little quantity of cement and they cause water seepage in a month or two. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 8

10 Thus it is safe to assume that even these 5% can only harvest and use rain water for two months as the season is over. FGDs found no any water reservoir ponds etc at village level. Even roof water harvesting practices were never found the village. For having no water storage facility the roof water (after rain) is only used for a day or two. In response to the question In your opinion what exactly can be done to harvest maximum rain water, available for all throughout the year? All the FGDs responded that availability of proper harvesting structures, as underground tanks and pond at village level as essential intervention which will enable them harvest and use rain water throughout the year. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 9

11 VILLAGE MAU AKHAIRAJ All the three FGDs i-e (FGDs with male members, FGDs with female members and FGDs with school teachers/children were conducted with village Mau Akhairaj. Summary of Findings from all FGDs is narrated below; All FGDs highlighted that dug well is major source of drinking water for the villages. The dug well are unprotected and insecure of women, children and livestock in the village. FGDs highlighted that on an average the dug well is at the distance of around 1 kilometer from the households and it takes around an hour of round trip for the household members (women) to fetch water. On an average around liters of water can be stored in different utensils available in the households commonly mud pots. FGDs highlighted minimum required of drinking, cooking and washing on daily basis stands at least liters per household. This intimates that women in the village have to undergo two to three round trips per day to meet the minimum possible household water consumption requirement. FGDs also highlighted that available water is not enough for the households in the village On asking the question why the available water is not sufficient, all the FGDs summarized that dug well are distant from the houses and it takes hours to collet water they also go to dry after an hour or two of water extraction, the women and female children in villages have to wait long for the turn of water. Sometimes in hot weather it takes complete day to get minimum water. Women FGDs also shared that they have to get early to dug wells, sometimes in mid night even to get water, this leads them drag to different challenges of darkness as snakes, poisonous insects and even harassment or assault. It has also been highlighted that mostly women and female children are responsible to water fetching. The water is only filtered with cloth to separate dust and visible dust particles, there is no other treatment method adopted in the village as water boiling, filtering with bio sand etc. Around 50% household store water in Buckets, jerry canes bottle, drums, mud pots etc, whereas 30% households don t have any water storage utensils. More importantly the containers used for water storage are usually narrowed mouth, resulting wastage of water during storage as well. 20% households were having underground tanks to harvest rain water or ensure water storage in quantity however detailed probing confirmed that these tanks are traditionally build with mud and little quantity of KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 10

12 cement and they cause water seepage in a month or two. Thus it is safe to assume that even these 20% can only harvest and use rain water for two to three months as the season is over. FGDs found no any water reservoir ponds etc at village level. Even roof water harvesting practices were never found the village. For having no water storage facility the roof water (after rain) is only used for a day or two. In response to the question In your opinion what exactly can be done to harvest maximum rain water, available for all throughout the year? All the FGDs responded that availability of proper harvesting structures, as underground tanks and pond at village level as essential intervention which will enable them harvest and use rain water throughout the year. KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 11

13 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS This Baseline Survey conducted to determine Knowledge, Attitude & Practices (KAP) among 02 villages provides very important information over Water availability, usages, storage and treatment methods adopted by local communities. KAP baseline strongly points out that almost all the households in both villages do not have access to safe drinking water source (hand pump/piped water/safe rain water). Women and female children at general are compelled to fetch water from dug wells, which is also contaminated water both bacteriologically and chemically. Problem of the safety of drinking water is further aggravated because of its straight use without any purification/ treatment like boiling, use of purifying tablets (aqua tab) or sand filtration. Households use rain water, but its harvesting practices do not prevail. As per WHO/SF water testing more than 90 percent dug wells have contaminated water 2, thus water treatment methods be introduced preventing people from risk of using contaminated water. Rainwater harvesting at household level in shape of underground tanks and water ponds at villages level is believed good option 3 for drinking and other household water consumption requirement. Hence rainwater harvesting structures at both household and village level and traditional accepted water filtration mechanism as bio sand filters, to be provided at earliest. The recommendation may be summarized as but not limited to; 1) Provision of water harvesting structures at village level as underground water tanks 2) Introducing traditionally roof harvesting methods and ensure water harvesting in household water tanks. 3) Provision of bio sand filters (traditionally accepted) for water harvesting at household level 4) Water storage tanks and bio sand at school level 5) Fenced water pond at village level to store rain water and be used for rest of the months after season, at village level 6) Protection of dug wells and water and dug well water treatment at village level. 2 91% of the ground water is brackish and not safe to drink as per WHO standards with high concentration of various salts and minerals dangerous for human as well as livestock health. 3 As, SF/and PCRWR (Pakistan council of research in water resources) have separate studies on this topic which all recommend rainwater harvesting a feasible option coping the water needs in Tharparkar KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 12

14 ANNEXES TOOL NO_1 KAP RAIN WATER HARVESTING (FGDS WITH MALE) 1 Assessment Information Survey Related Information Name of Interviewer Date Details of participants Name Gender Contact Number Occupation 2 Village Information & Demography Basic details of the village District Union Council Village / Settlement Approx. Population # of disable persons Tehsil Deh / Revenue Village Total # of Hhs in village # of Women Headed Hhs # of Orphans No. Question 1 What is the main source of drinking water for the households in your village? Number of Households Main Sources a) Tap water inside the HH b) Tap water (communal) c) Hand pump d) Nearby river/stream e) Rain-water during season f) Rain-water off season stored in Hh (under grounds tanks) g) Dug well (unprotected) h) Dug well (protected) i) Other: (Specify) KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 13

15 2 Average distance the households have to walk to get drinking water? 3 How much time does it take to get water? (Please calculate round trip trip) 4 Average Water Storage capacity - households having from available containers, at daily basis (In Litres) 5 How much water on average does a family use per day? (Litres please assist in calculation to respondent) 6 Do the households have enough water for: 7 If not, why? (select the one that best applies) Yes a) Within compound b) Less than 500 metres c) 500 metres to 1 kilometre d) More than 1 kilometre e) Don t know a) Less than 15 minutes b) 15 minutes to 30 minutes c) 30 minutes to 1 hour d) More than 1 hour e) Don t know 1 10 (Ltrs) (Ltrs) (Ltrs) (Ltrs) More than 40 (Ltrs) Drinking Cooking Washing No Drinking Cooking Washing a) Water source runs dry b) Too far to fetch enough water c) Too expensive d) Do not have water source on premises e) Dug wells stop working f) Hand pump is broken g) Other: (specify) 8 Who goes to fetch water most often? (select one) a) Male Adult b) Female Adult c) Male Child d) Female Child 9 Is the Water safe for drinking/cooking? Yes No 10 If No, why? a) Disease b) Taste bad c) Looks dirty d) Diarrhoea KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 14

16 e) Hepatitis f) Cholera g) Skin disease h) Other: (Specify) 11 Is the water treated in any way to make it safer for drinking? How the water is being treated in your village? 12 Are you aware of the importance of clean drinking water? 13 Do you know about water related diseases? (Tick yes if the respondents name some water borne diseases) 14 How do you store drinking water? 15 If in containers, are they: 16 If in containers, are they covered? 17 If in underground tanks are they: Yes No Yes No Yes No a) Filter (cloth) b) Filter (Ceramic/Sand/Composite) c) Aqua Tabs d) Boil e) Chlorine f) Chemical Treatments g) Other: (Specify) a) In containers (bucket, jerry can, jerkin, bottle, drum, etc.) b) Roof tank or cistern c) Underground tank in Hh d) Underground tank communal e) Other Specify ( ) f) No water stored a) Narrow mouthed b) Wide mouthed c) Of both types a) All are b) Some are c) None are a)covered b)safe (location and design) c) reliable (to store water for long) d)cleaned properly (before filling) Q:18: How many months usually it rains a year and for how long the rain water is being used? KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 15

17 Q: 19: How the rain water can be harvested to use throughout the year for domestic usage? Q: 20 Is there any near water pond (Tarai) to harvest rain water? If yes, what purpose and how long the water is being used after rainy season? Q: 21 Is the pond properly fenced / protected to avoid children or animal drowning? If no, how do villagers ensure protection? Q: 22 Is there any method traditionally adopted to harvest roof water? If yes, how effective it is to store / utilize maximum quantity of rain water? Q: 23 In your opinion what exactly can be done to harvest maximum rain water, available for all throughout the year? Q: 24 how will it benefit if water is available for all throughout the year? KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 16

18 TOOL NO_2 KAP RAIN WATER HARVESTING (FGDS WITH FEMALE) 1 Assessment Information Survey Related Information Name of Interviewer Date Details of participants Name Gender Contact Number Occupation 2 Village Information & Demography Basic details of the village District Union Council Village / Settlement Approx. Population # of disable persons Tehsil Deh / Revenue Village Total # of Hhs in village # of Women Headed Hhs # of Orphans No. Question Number of Households 1 What is the main source of drinking water for the households in your village? Main Sources a) Tap water inside the HH b) Tap water (communal) c) Hand pump d) Nearby river/stream e) Rain-water during season f) Rain-water off season stored in Hh (under grounds tanks) g) Dug well (unprotected) h) Dug well (protected) i) Other: (Specify) 2 Average distance the households have to walk to get drinking water? a) Within compound b) Less than 500 metres c) 500 metres to 1 kilometre d) More than 1 kilometre e) Don t know 3 How much time does it take to get a) Less than 15 minutes KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 17

19 water? (Please calculate round trip trip) 4 Average Water Storage capacity - households having from available containers, at daily basis (In Litres) 5 How much water on average does a family use per day? (Litres please assist in calculation to respondent) 6 Do the households have enough water for: 7 If not, why? (select the one that best applies) Yes b) 15 minutes to 30 minutes c) 30 minutes to 1 hour d) More than 1 hour e) Don t know 1 10 (Ltrs) (Ltrs) (Ltrs) (Ltrs) More than 40 (Ltrs) Drinking Cooking No Washing Drinking Cooking Washing a) Water source runs dry b) Too far to fetch enough water c) Too expensive d) Do not have water source on premises e) Dug wells stop working f) Hand pump is broken g) Other: (specify) 8 Who goes to fetch water most often? (select one) a) Male Adult b) Female Adult c) Male Child d) Female Child 9 Is the Water safe for drinking/cooking? Yes No 10 If No, why? a) Disease b) Taste bad c) Looks dirty d) Diarrhoea e) Hepatitis f) Cholera g) Skin disease h) Other: (Specify) 11 Is the water treated in any way to make it safer for drinking? How the water is being treated in your village? Yes No a) Filter (cloth) b) Filter (Ceramic/Sand/Composite) c) Aqua Tabs d) Boil e) Chlorine f) Chemical Treatments KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 18

20 12 Are you aware of the importance of clean drinking water? 13 Do you know about water related diseases? (Tick yes if the respondents name some water borne diseases) 14 How do you store drinking water? 15 If in containers, are they: 16 If in containers, are they covered? 17 If in underground tanks are they: Yes No Yes No g) Other: (Specify) a) In containers (bucket, jerry can, jerkin, bottle, drum, etc.) b) Roof tank or cistern c) Underground tank in Hh d) Underground tank communal e) Other Specify ( ) f) No water stored a) Narrow mouthed b) Wide mouthed c) Of both types a) All are b) Some are c) None are a)covered b)safe (location and design) c) reliable (to store water for long) d)cleaned properly (before filling) Q:18: How many months usually it rains a year and for how long the rain water is being used? Q: 19: How the rain water can be harvested to use throughout the year for domestic usage? Q: 20 Is there any near water pond (Tarai) to harvest rain water? If yes, what purpose and how long the water is being used after rainy season? Q: 21 Is the pond properly fenced / protected to avoid children or animal drowning? If no, how do villagers ensure protection? KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 19

21 Q: 22 Is there any method traditionally adopted to harvest roof water? If yes, how effective it is to store / utilize maximum quantity of rain water? Q: 23 In your opinion what exactly can be done to harvest maximum rain water, available for all throughout the year? Q: 24 how will it benefit if water is available for all throughout the year? KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 20

22 Date: Name of School: # of Teacher (M/F) # of Students (M/F) Village: Deh: UC: Tehsil: TOOL NO_3 KAP RAIN WATER HARVESTING (SCHOOLS) Part A: FGDs with School Children / Students No. Question Current Situation 1 What is the main source of drinking water for students / children? (Select one) a) Tap water inside the School b) Tap water (Nearby) c) Hand pump d) Nearby river/stream e) Rain-water (Stored in Ground Tank) f) Dug well (protected) g) Dug well (unprotected) h) Other: (Specify) 2 How far have to walk to get your drinking water? 3 How much time does it take you to go there? 4 Who goes to fetch water most often? (select one) 5 Do you feel the water is safe for drinking? 6 If No, why? (please do not read, listen and mark all that apply) 7 Is the water treated in any way to make it safer for drinking? a) Within compound b) Less than 500 metres c) 500 metres to 1 kilometre d) More than 1 kilometre e) Don t know a) Less than 15 minutes b) 15 minutes to 30 minutes c) 30 minutes to 1 hour d) More than 1 hour e) Don t know a) Male Students b) Female Students c) Teachers d) Any Other (Specify) Yes No a) Disease b) Taste bad c) Looks dirty d) Diarrhoea e) Hepatitis f) Cholera g) Skin disease h) Other: (Specify) Yes No KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 21

23 8 If yes how is it treated? a) Filter (cloth) b) Filter (Ceramic/Sand/Composite) c) Aqua Tabs d) Boil e) Chlorine f) Chemical Treatments g) Other: (Specify) 9 Are you aware of the importance of clean drinking water? Yes No 10 Do you know about water related diseases? (Tick yes if the respondent Yes No names some water borne diseases) 11 How the drinking water is stored? a) In containers (bucket, jerry can, jerkin, bottle, drum, etc.) b) Underground tank c) No water stored Part B: FGDs with School Teachers Total Teachers in Schools M F Total Rooms in School Building No of Class Rooms Total Students in School: Class Girls Boys Total Katchi ( Basics) Class- 1st Class-2nd Class-3rd Class-4th Class-5th Total Is drinking Water available in the School? What is the number of Water Tanks in the Schools ( Functional/ Non-functional) KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 22

24 How the rain water can be harvested to use throughout the year for school usage? Is there any water pond (Tarai) near to school? If yes, what purpose and how long the water is being used after rainy season? Is the pond properly fenced / protected to avoid children drowning? If no, how teachers can ensure protection? Is there any method traditionally adopted to harvest roof water of school? If yes, how effective it is to store / utilize maximum quantity of rain water? In your opinion what exactly can be done to harvest maximum rain water, available for school throughout the year? how will it benefit if water is available for the school throughout the year? KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 23

25 S.No Name of Teacher Age Gender Contact KAP Baseline Water Status in Targeted Villages SF- Water Aid Page 24