2733 Kanasita Drive, Suite 111 Chattanooga, TN Phone (423) June 20, 2014

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1 2733 Kanasita Drive, Suite 111 Chattanooga, TN Phone (423) June 20, 2014 Mr. Robert Cooper Office of Stormwater Management Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Re: Approval Request for Manufactured Treatment Device, Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System Dear Mr. Cooper, AquaShield TM, Inc. is pleased to submit information in support of this approval request for the Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System. This approval request is submitted in accordance with Guidance Memo No dated May 15, 2014, Interim Use of Stormwater MTDs. We are requesting that the Aqua-Filter TM be granted a Total Phosphorus (TP) removal credit of 40% based on NJCAT-verified field testing of an Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 for 80% TSS removal efficiency following the TARP Tier II protocol. NJDEP has issued Field Test Certification based on the field verification. The following documents are attached for your consideration: Attachment 1, MTD Registration Form NJCAT Field Test Verification Report for Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3, November 2013 NJDEP Aqua-Filter TM Field Test Certification Letter, June 13, 2014 NJCAT Laboratory Verification Report for the Aqua-Swirl and Aqua-Filter TM, 2005 and August 2007 Addendum for Aqua-Filter TM [via NJCAT website link] Aqua-Filter TM Inspection & Maintenance Manual AquaShield TM Limited Warranty Thank you for considering this information, and of course please let me know if additional information is needed at this time. Respectfully submitted, AquaShield TM, Inc. Mark B. Miller, P.G. Research Scientist

2 Attachment 1 Manufactured Treatment Device (MTD) Registration 1. Manufactured Treatment Device Name: Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System 2. Company Name: AquaShield TM, Inc. Mailing Address: 2733 Kanasita Drive, Suite 111 City: Chattanooga State: Tennessee Zip: Contact Name (to whom questions should be addressed): Mark B. Miller Mailing Address: 2733 Kanasita Drive, Suite 111 City: Chattanooga State: Tennessee Zip: Phone number: (423) Fax number: (423) address: mmiller@aquashieldinc.com Web address: 4. Technology Specific size/capacity of MTD assessed (include units): The Aqua-Filter TM system utilizes a treatment train approach consisting of a pretreatment hydrodynamic separator (swirl chamber) followed by a filtration chamber. The sizes of the pretreatment hydrodynamic separator (swirl chamber) range from 2.5 feet to 13 feet in diameter. The maximum single filtration chamber is currently limited to 216 ft 2 of media (18 rows of media x 12 ft 2 /row). Customization of the Aqua-Filter TM allows for multiple filtration chambers, with 18 rows being the current maximum number of rows in a single chamber. Range of drainage areas served by MTD (acres): The customization of the Aqua-Filter TM design allows for a wide range of drainage areas to be treated; hence, there is no absolute range of drainage areas served by the device. The maximum drainage area is ultimately limited by the practicality of utilizing an Aqua- Filter TM system to meet the water quality flow rate for a given site. See sizing criteria below. 1

3 Include sizing chart or describe sizing criteria: The Aqua-Filter TM system utilizes a treatment train approach consisting of a pretreatment hydrodynamic separator (swirl chamber) followed by a filtration chamber. Both the swirl chamber and the filtration chamber are sized to meet the water quality treatment flow rate (WQTFR). The Aqua-Filter TM is designated AF-Y.X where AF-Y designates the swirl chamber and X designates the number of filter rows or filter media area. The first step of sizing is to size the swirl chamber according to the site s water quality flow (Q) using a sizing chart. The second step is to size the filtration chamber to the site s Q. Based on the NJCATverified perlite filter loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2 (0.44 cfs/row of filter media), the number of rows can be calculated such that Q / 0.44 cfs/row. One row of filter media has 12 ft 2 of filter media. Intended application: on-line or offline: The Aqua-Filter TM system is designed to be installed in an offline configuration. Media used (if applicable): Perlite is most common media type used for the Aqua-Filter TM to target suspended sediment and Total Phosphorus removal. Other filter media blends are available for other pollutants of concern that can include zeolite, leaf compost, granular activated carbon (GAC), bone char and PathShield TM Antimicrobial Filter Media (EPA and VA registered antimicrobial pesticide per FIFRA). 5. Warranty Information (describe, or provide web address): See attached Limited Warranty. 6. Treatment Type Hydrodynamic Structure X Filtering Structure Manufactured Bioretention System Provide Infiltration Rate (in/hr): Other (describe): 7. Water Quality Treatment Mechanisms (check all that apply) A treatment train mechanism is used for Total Phosphorus and sediment removal by the Aqua-Filter TM system. The upstream pretreatment hydrodynamic separation chamber provides sedimentation/settling and the capture of floatables, while the downstream component provides polishing filtration. 2

4 X Sedimentation/settling (pretreatment hydrodynamic separator) Infiltration X Filtration (based on perlite for TP removal) Adsorption/cation exchange Chelating/precipitation Chemical treatment Biological uptake Other (describe): 8. Performance Testing and Certification (check all that apply): Performance Claim (include removal efficiencies for treated pollutants, flow criteria, drainage area): The Aqua-Filter TM NJCAT Field Test Verification Report for an AF-5.3 dated November 2013 is attached and is available on the NJCAT website at: From the Aqua-Filter TM field test verification report Section 5, Performance Verification on page 27, the performance summary is copied below: A 26-month field test of an Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 has been completed at an urban shopping center in Silver Spring, Maryland. Analytical results and performance analysis from 21 storm events and over 15 inches of rainfall demonstrated that 18 of the storms achieved greater than 80% TSS removal efficiency for the fine-grained clay-loam textured sediment influent. Average TSS removal efficiency is 91.9% for the 21 storms. The SSC average removal efficiency is 93.3% for 20 storms. Both TSS and SSC removal efficiencies are calculated to be greater than 95% by the sum of loads method. These field results validate the finding in the NJCAT technology verification addendum report titled Aqua-Swirl Concentrator and Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System that the Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 at a filter loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2 would provide a TSS removal rate of >80%. The NJDEP Field Test Certification letter for the Aqua-Filter TM is attached and available on the NJDEP website at: NJDEP certifies the use of the Aqua-Filter TM at a TSS removal rate of 80%. From the NJDEP Field Test Certification letter: The peak inflow WQTFR for the filtration chamber is limited to the verified peak filter loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2 (0.037 cfs/ft 2 ) of filter area. The maximum inflow impervious drainage area per square foot of filter area is limited to acres/ft 2 based on the verified field test. The AF-5.3 field test drainage area was 1.19 acres. Specific size/capacity of MTD assessed: The AF-5.3 uses a 5-foot diameter pretreatment hydrodynamic separator and a three row filtration chamber (36 ft 2 of perlite filter media). 3

5 Has the MTD been "approved" by an established granting agency, e.g. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Washington State Department of Ecology, etc. No X Yes; For each approval, indicate (1) the granting agency, (2) use level if awarded (3) the protocol version under which performance testing occurred (if applicable), and (4) the date of award, and attach award letter. Attached is the NJDEP Field Certification letter for the Aqua-Filter TM dated June 13, This certification is based on the NJCAT verification of the AF-5.3 field test. The letter is available on the NJDEP website at: Testing was performed in accordance with the 2006 New Jersey Tier II Stormwater Test Requirements Amendments to TARP Tier II Protocol. Was an established testing protocol followed? No X Yes, (1) Provide name of testing protocol followed, (2) list any protocol deviations: Testing was performed in accordance with the 2006 New Jersey Tier II Stormwater Test Requirements Amendments to TARP Tier II Protocol. The testing program falls under the NJDEP directive Transition for Manufactured Treatment Devices dated July 15, The Aqua-Filter TM qualified under Category C, Manufactured Treatment Devices Seeking Final Certification In Process which are MTDs that have commenced field testing on or before August 1, 2011.There were no deviations to the above-cited testing protocol. NJCAT-verified independent laboratory testing followed acceptable laboratory practices in place at the time using the NJDEP- specified fine-grained test sediment SIL-CO-SIL 106 manufactured by US Silica. The now superseded NJDEP Laboratory Test Certification (September 2011) was issued based on the protocol that was followed. Provide the information below and provide a performance report (attach report): For lab tests: i. Summarize the specific settings for each test run (flow rates, run times, loading rates) and performance for each run: The NJCAT verified laboratory test of an Aqua-Filter TM filtration cartridge for TSS removal (2005 and August 2007 Addendum) is available at the NJCAT website It is not attached hereto due only to its large file size. Initial laboratory testing (2005 report) demonstrated 80% TSS removal efficiency at a surface area loading rate of 5 gpm/ft 2. From the 2007 Addendum report: The Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System, a stand-alone two component structure, when sized with an Aqua-Swirl pretreatment device at no more than 50 gpm/ft 2 as previously certified by NJDEP, followed by a Filter Chamber 4

6 containing Aqua-Filter cartridges filled with a coarse perlite media sized at no more than 16.5 gpm/ft 2, has been shown to have a calculated 84.6% TSS removal efficiency utilizing the New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual approach for calculating treatment train removal efficiency. Note that the Laboratory Test Certification of 2011 is now superseded by the above-cited Field Test Certification of ii. If a synthetic sediment product was used, include information about the particle size distribution of the test material: SIL-CO-SIL 106 is manufactured by US Silica and has a range from approximately 1 to 125 microns (µm) and a reported median (d 50 ) of 22 µm. Specific gravity for the sediment is reported to be This test sediment was specified by NJDEP for filter devices at the time Aqua-Filter TM filtration cartridge laboratory testing was performed. iii. If less than full-scale setup was tested, describe the ratio of that tested to the full-scale MTD: It is important to keep in mind that the Aqua-Filter TM filtration chamber is sized based on surface area of media, not necessarily rows since other filtration configurations can be used (e.g., round housing vs. rectangular rows). A 4 ft 2 and 1 foot thick filter cartridge containing perlite filter media was used for the laboratory test. The filtration chamber most commonly utilizes, but is not limited to rows, one row containing 12 ft 2 of media. The test cartridge to row ratio is 4 ft 2 to 12 ft 2, or 1:3. Media thickness was 1:1. It is considered that the test ratio does not strictly represent that a downscaled setup was used since filtration is not governed by particle settling properties such as those of hydrodynamic separators where scaling is a critical element for testing parameters. The NJCAT-verified Aqua-Filter TM field test used a full scale model AF-5.3. For field tests: Refer to attached NJCAT verification report dated November 2013 for the Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 field test. 5

7 i. Provide the address, average annual rainfall and characterized rainfall pattern, and the average annual number of storms for the field-test location: Field test site address: Burnt Mills Shopping Center Columbia Pike Silver Spring, MD A total of 21 TARP-qualifying storms and inches of rainfall were sampled over 26 months between March 2011 and May The required minimum number of storm is 15 and at least 15 inches of rain are to be sampled. A TARPqualifying storm is 0.1 inch. Available information indicates that the area receives approximately 42 inches of annual rainfall. Three storms exceeded 75% of the design treatment capacity of 16.5 gpm/ft 2, one of which exceeded 100% of the design treatment capacity. An average of 80% storm flow volume was sampled, TARP requires at least 60%. According to the NRCS document 210-VI-TR-55, Second Edition, June 1986, the field test site is located in the Type II rainfall distribution region. This same rainfall distribution type covers all of Virginia except the extreme southeastern coastal area. It is considered that the AF-5.3 rainfall conditions would be consistent with rainfall patterns for the greatest majority of Virginia (~95%). ii. Provide the total contributing drainage area for the test site, percent of impervious area in the drainage area, and percentages of land uses within the drainage area (acres): The AF-5.3 field test drainage area is approximately 1.19 acres with an estimated 100% impervious area. An asphalt covered parking lot represents ± 85% of the drainage area, roof runoff ± 15%. A precise determination of roof runoff contribution could not be ascertained but probably does not exceed 20%. iii. Describe pretreatment, bypass conditions, or other special circumstances at the test site: Aqua-Filter TM system uses a treatment train approach that includes a pretreatment hydrodynamic separator followed by a filtration chamber. Note that the pretreatment device uses an Aqua-Swirl AS-5 stormwater treatment system. That unit also received NJCAT field test verification for over 80% TSS removal efficiency on an annual basis for clay loam influent sediment. The AS-5 verification report is available at 6

8 The AF-5.3 is installed in an offline configuration using an upstream divergence structure and a downstream convergence structure. It does not appear that bypass conditions occurred during the testing period. It is known that the perlite media can convey flow rates greater than the verified performance loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2. No special or adverse circumstances were encountered during the testing program. iv. Provide the number of storms monitored and describe the monitored storm events (amount of precipitation, duration, etc.): A total of 21 TARP-qualifying storms were sampled. Refer to Table 2 on page 15 of the NJCAT verification report for a summary of the sampling events. A total of inches of rain was sampled. The TARP protocol requires at least 15 inches of rain be sampled. Storm durations ranged from 2 hours 19 minutes up to 64 hours 8 minutes. Storm sizes ranged from 0.11 to 1.6 inches, averaging 0.75 inches. A TARP-qualifying storm is 0.1 inch. v. Describe whether or not monitoring examined seasonal variation in MTD performance: The field test spanned 26 months that commenced in March 2011 and ended in May It is considered that seasonal variations were effectively monitored during the field testing program. vi. If particle size distribution was determined for monitored runoff and/or sediment collected by the MTD, provide this information: Refer to pages and Table 9 of the NJCAT verification report for a discussion of particle size distribution (PSD) for the AF-5.3 field test. Serial filtration was used to determine PSD and particles greater than 1,000 µm were excluded from all analyses. The PSD distribution from three storms (as required by TARP protocol) indicates that 100% of the particles are finer than 1,000 µm, 95.82% are finer than 500 µm, 87.41% are finer than 250 µm, 70.39% are finer than 125 µm, 63.13% are finer than 63 µm and no particles are finer than 1.5 µm. The AF-5.3 field test PSD is finer grained than the PSD specified by the NJDEP January 2013 laboratory protocol for filtration MTDs. 7

9 9. MTD History: How long has this specific model/design been on the market? The Aqua-Filter TM has been commercially available for 16 years, since The Aqua- Filter TM is a well established product within the stormwater community. List no more than three locations where the assessed model size(s) has/have been installed in Virginia. If applicable, provide permitting authority. If known, provide latitude & longitude: The Aqua-Filter TM has been installed at hundreds of locations nationwide and internationally. AquaShield TM can provide additional information on installation locations on a confidential basis. Three example Virginia locations are listed below: (1) Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-3.2, River Oaks Subdivision, Dumfries (2) Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-10.12, River Oaks Subdivision, Dumfries (3) Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-3.2, New River Valley Shopping Center, Christiansburg List no more than three locations where the assessed model size(s) has/have been installed outside of Virginia. If applicable, provide permitting authority. If known, provide latitude & longitude: In addition to the AF-5.3 test site, three example installation locations near Virginia are listed below. AquaShield TM can provide additional information about installation locations on a confidential basis. (1) Aqua-Filter TM Filter Model AF-4.2, St. Marks Orthodox Church, 7124 River Road, Bethesda, MD, Montgomery County Department of Permit Services (2) Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3, Grandview Town Homes, 2602 Blue Ridge Avenue, Wheaton, MD, Montgomery County Department of Permit Services (3) Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-4.6, Marten s Volkswagen,5415 Butler Road, Bethesda, MD, Montgomery County Department of Permit Services 10. Maintenance: What is the generic inspection and maintenance plan/procedure? (attach necessary documents): See attached Aqua-Filter TM Inspection & Maintenance Manual. We recommend at least quarterly inspections during the first year of installation to determine site runoff conditions and predict maintenance cycles. We also recommend at least annual inspections and maintenance of both the hydrodynamic pretreatment chamber and the filtration chamber. Inspections of both chambers are performed from the surface without the need for entry. The single swirl chamber allows for easy and quick inspections for 8

10 floatables and accumulated sediment at the base of the chamber. The perlite filter media turns from white to dark brown to black when the media is spent. Maintenance events typically require a vacuum truck to remove captured materials from both chambers. Confined space entry is needed for the filtration chamber to remove and replace the filter containers. The vacuum truck suction arm can be used to assist with the extraction of filter containers. Is there a maintenance track record/history that can be documented? X No, no track record. Yes, track record exists; (provide maintenance track record, location, and sizing of three to five MTDs installed in Virginia [preferred] or elsewhere): AquaShield TM does not maintain a track record system for its systems, nor does it operate its own fleet of maintenance equipment. Instead, AquaShield TM recommends that end users/owners contract with independent local maintenance providers. We can assist with that service at no cost upon request. AquaShield TM also has a nationwide service agreement with a maintenance provider. We do not keep maintenance track records of services provided by other independent contractors. It is recognized in the industry that Montgomery County, Maryland administers and operates a robust maintenance program for MTDs. AquaShield TM has a large number of systems installed in that county, and to our knowledge the Aqua-Filter TM system overall meets the maintenance criteria that has been established by the county s Department of Permit Services. Aqua-Filter TM systems have been installed in a number of state transportation departments that perform maintenance on a routine basis. To our knowledge, there have been no instances of adverse system functionality or maintenance circumstances. End users, owners, contractors, etc. can contact their local AquaShield TM representative or our corporate office directly to order replacement filter media. It is not necessary for AquaShield TM personnel or its representative to be present during inspections or maintenance events. Recognizing that maintenance is an integral function of the MTD, provide the following: amount of runoff treated, the water quality of the runoff, and what is the expected maintenance frequency for this MTD in Virginia, per year? Aqua-Filter TM systems are sized according to local stormwater regulations. There is no limitation to the amount of runoff the Aqua-Filter TM is capable of conveying provided that maintenance is performed as required to ensure functionality. Annual maintenance frequency is expected (and recommended) for Aqua-Filter TM systems in Virginia as supported through field testing. Site conditions will ultimately dictate maintenance frequency. 9

11 Total life expectancy of MTD when properly operated in Virginia and, if relevant, life expectancy of media: The Aqua-Filter TM system will have a life expectancy of 50 years or more. Media life expectancy is typically one (1) year but is ultimately dependent on pollutant loading conditions. Media life cycle is supported by the AF-5.3 field testing program. For media or amendments functioning based on cation exchange or adsorption, how long will the media last before breakthrough (indicator capacity is nearly reached) occurs? Laboratory testing indicates that the Aqua-Filter TM filtration cartridge (4 ft 2 ) of perlite filter media can provide effective performance while capturing up to approximately 6.5 pounds of SIL-CO-SIL 106 sediment before breakthrough. Or, one row (12 ft 2 ) of perlite media would retain 19.5 pounds of SIL-CO-SIL 106 before breakthrough. See page 30 of the NJCAT laboratory verification report Addendum 2007 for a discussion on Sediment Retention Capacity. For media or amendments functioning based on cation exchange or adsorption, how has the longevity of the media or amendments been quantified prior to breakthrough (attach necessary performance data or documents)? Sediment retention capacity is described on page 30 of the NJCAT laboratory verification report. Table 5 in the report shows the changing effluent TSS concentrations that occurred during the fifth test performed overall, with a loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2 and target influent TSS concentration of 175 mg/l. Field testing did not allow for sediment retention capacity to be quantified, other than recognizing decreasing TSS removal efficiency. Is the maintenance procedure and/or are materials/components proprietary? Yes, proprietary X No, not proprietary There are no proprietary maintenance procedures or materials used for the Aqua-Filter TM system. The perlite filter media is a commodity and is publically available. Maintenance complexity (check all that apply): X Confined space training required for maintenance All inspections can be performed from the surface. Entry to the filtration chamber is needed to handle the removal and replacement of filter containers. No access is needed to clean the single chamber of the pretreatment hydrodynamic separator. 10

12 X Liquid pumping and transportation Specify method: Water from pretreatment hydrodynamic separator can be pumped through the filtration chamber for discharge thereby eliminating any off-site transportation. Any captured oil can be vacuumed off, but it should be kept in mind that the Aqua-Filter TM is not designed as an equivalent to an oil-water separator. Any small amount of standing water near the outlet pipe of the filtration chamber is typically not removed since it has already been filtered and will be discharged with the next storm event. X Solids removal and disposal Specify method: A vacuum truck is used to remove solids from the pretreatment hydrodynamic separator after water is transferred through the filtration chamber. The vacuum truck s suction arm can also be used to lift filter containers to the surface. Spent media and solids can be disposed following all applicable local guidelines. Other noteworthy maintenance parameter (describe): The pretreatment hydrodynamic separator utilizes a single swirl chamber for both treatment and materials storage. There are no blind or limited access areas within the structure that would prevent complete access for inspections and maintenance. All inspections and maintenance events for this chamber can be performed from the surface. An internal ingress/egress ladder is built into the downstream side wall of the filtration chamber and is accessed through a manhole opening. The filtration chamber also includes a manhole opening for every three rows of filter media to facilitate inspections as well as the removal and replacement of filter containers. The manholes and ladder can also facilitate any emergency actions. 11. Comments Include any additional explanations or comments: Independent field testing demonstrated that an offline Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 achieved over 65% annual Total Phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency for a clay-loam textured sediment influent at a filter surface area loading rate up to 17.5 gpm/ft 2. Field testing was performed between 2011 and 2013 at the Burnt Mills Shopping Center in Silver Spring, Maryland while simultaneously documenting TSS removal efficiency for the above-cited NJCAT verification. All field testing activities were performed following TARP Tier II Protocol. Analytical results from 13 storms and approximately 10 inches of rainfall demonstrated 68.5% annual TP removal efficiency at a perlite filter surface area loading rate up to 17.5 gpm/ft 2 (see Table 1 below). Although the TARP field testing protocol does not include a specific provision for TP testing, results are compared in Table 1 below to the Technology Assessment Protocol Ecology (TAPE) field test TP specifications of the Washington State Department of 11

13 Ecology (Ecology). The TAPE Technical Evaluation Reporting (TER) guidelines specify a minimum of 12 storms, each having at least 0.15 inches of rainfall. The 13 sampled storms comply with the TAPE storm number and storm size requirement with one slight exception (0.11 inches). An average influent TP concentration of 362 parts per billion (µg/l, or mg/l) complies with the TAPE influent range of 100 to 500 µg/l (0.1 to 0.5 mg/l). A low average effluent TP concentration of 46 µg/l (0.046 mg/l) was recorded. The average TP removal efficiency of 68.5% exceeds the TAPE removal requirement of 50% for Ecology s General Use Level Designations (GULD) for stormwater BMPs. An average of 85% of the storm volume runoff was sampled. Influent sediment exhibited 63% of the particulate <63 µm in size (silt) as measured by the serial filtration method. Particles larger than 1,000 µm were excluded from all analyses. One routine annual filter replacement event was performed during the field testing program, and no swirl chamber maintenance was performed. Filter media was replaced in February 2012 and subsequent to the January 16, 2012 storm event which exhibited decreased performance after approximately one year of continuous operation. No overall adverse operating conditions were observed for the Aqua-Filter TM system during the TP monitoring period. Table 1. Summary of Total Phosphorus Removal Efficiency for Aqua-Filter TM AF-5.3 Storm # Sample Date Influent TP (µg/l) Effluent TP (µg/l) TP Removal Efficiency (%) Peak Loading Rate (gpm/ft 2 ) Storm Size (inches) % Storm Volume Sampled 1 September 28, October 19, November 29, December 21, January 16, July 14, January 13-15, January 30-31, February 26-27, , March 6, March 12, April 12, May 7-8, TAPE Protocol Average storms % each -- 12

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15 NJCAT TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION AQUA-FILTER MODEL AF-5.3 STORMWATER FILTRATION SYSTEM AquaShield TM, Inc. November

16 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction NJCAT Program Interim Certification Applicant Profile Key Contacts 7 2. The Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System 7 3. Technology System Evaluation: Project Plan Introduction Site and System Description Sampling Design Test Equipment and Apparatus Test Methods and Procedures Precipitation Measurements Flow Measurements Hydrographs Stormwater Data Collection Treatment System Maintenance Technology System Performance Test Results Data Quality Assessment Statistical Analysis Performance Summary Performance Verification Net Environmental Benefit References 28 Appendix A: Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 Specifications 30 Appendix B: Individual Storm Events 32 2

17 List of Tables Table 1 Summary of Analytical Methods 15 Table 2 Summary of Storm Sampling Events 15 Table 3 Comparison of On-Site Rainfall to Off-Site Weather Station 16 Table 4 Aqua-Filter AF-5.3 Flow Volumes Comparison 17 Table 5 Aqua-Filter AF-5.3 Percentage of Storm Volumes Sampled 18 Table 6 Summary of Storm Characteristics 19 Table 7 Suspended Solids Event Sum of Loads Removal Efficiencies 20 Table 8 Summary of TSS and SSC Removal Efficiencies 21 Table 9 Influent PSD Summary 22 Table 10 Captured Sediment PSD in Swirl Chamber 25 Table 11 Storm Characteristics versus Performance 27 3

18 List of Figures Figure 1 Aqua-Filter Mode of Operation 8 Figure 2 Aqua-Filter Filtration Chamber Operation 9 Figure 3 Aerial Site Plan of the Burnt Mills Shopping Center 11 Figure 4 Site Plan of the Burnt Mills Shopping Center 12 Figure 5 Sampling Locations for the Aqua-Filter 13 Figure 6 PSD Comparison of Field and NJDEP Laboratory Standard 23 Figure 7 Sediment Accumulation Profile in AS-5 Swirl Chamber 24 Figure 8 Swirl Chamber PSD Graph - Influent (side), Center, Effluent (side) 25 4

19 1. Introduction 1.1 New Jersey Corporation for Advance Technology (NJCAT) Program NJCAT is a not-for-profit corporation to promote in New Jersey the retention and growth of technology-based businesses in emerging fields such as environmental and energy technologies. NJCAT provides innovators with the regulatory, commercial, technological and financial assistance required to bring their ideas to market successfully. Specifically, NJCAT functions to: Advance policy strategies and regulatory mechanisms to promote technology commercialization; Identify, evaluate, and recommend specific technologies for which the regulatory and commercialization process should be facilitated; Facilitate funding and commercial relationships/alliances to bring new technologies to market and new business to the state; and Assist in the identification of markets and applications for commercialized technologies. The technology verification program specifically encourages collaboration between vendors and users of technology. Through this program, teams of academic and business professionals are formed to implement a comprehensive evaluation of vendor specific performance claims. Thus, suppliers have the competitive edge of an independent third party confirmation of claims. Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 13:1D-134 et seq. (Energy and Environmental Technology Verification Program) the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and NJCAT have established a Performance Partnership Agreement (PPA) whereby NJCAT performs the technology verification review and NJDEP certifies that the technology meets the regulatory intent and that there is a net beneficial environmental effect of the technology. In addition, NJDEP/NJCAT work in conjunction to develop expedited or more efficient timeframes for review and decision-making of permits or approvals associated with the verified/certified technology. The PPA also requires that: The NJDEP shall enter into reciprocal environmental technology agreements concerning the evaluation and verification protocols with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, other local required or national environmental agencies, entities or groups in other states and New Jersey for the purpose of encouraging and permitting the reciprocal acceptance of technology data and information concerning the evaluation and verification of energy and environmental technologies; and The NJDEP shall work closely with the State Treasurer to include in State bid specifications, as deemed appropriate by the State Treasurer, any technology verified under the Energy and Environment Technology Verification Program. 5

20 1.2 Interim Certification AquaShield TM, Inc. (AquaShield TM ) manufactures a stormwater treatment system known as the Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System. Treatment to stormwater runoff is accomplished via a treatment train approach using both hydrodynamic separation and filtration technologies. Based upon the results of independent laboratory studies, AquaShield TM received NJCAT verification of claims for the Aqua-Swirl Concentrator and Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Treatment Systems in September 2005, revised in December 2005 and amended August A Conditional Interim Certification (CIC) was issued by NJDEP dated November 28, 2005 for the Aqua-Swirl and February 14, 2006 for the Aqua-Filter TM Filtration Chamber. The Aqua- Filter TM has received Manufactured Treatment Device (MTD) Laboratory Test Certification from NJDEP effective September 1, This certification supersedes the CIC status. A major condition of both the 2005 and 2006 CICs was the execution of a field evaluation in accordance with the Technology Acceptance Reciprocity Partnership (TARP) Tier II Protocol (TARP, 2003) and New Jersey Tier II Stormwater Test Requirements Amendments to TARP Tier II Protocol (NJDEP, 2006). The TARP Tier II Protocol is designed to evaluate Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal on an annual basis. The Aqua-Swirl received NJCAT verification dated November 2012 for an Aqua-Swirl Model AS-5 field test. 1.3 Applicant Profile AquaShield TM manufactures stormwater treatment systems used worldwide to protect sensitive receiving waters from the harmful effects of stormwater. The commitment of AquaShield TM to provide quality environmental solutions began in the early 1980s with its founder solving surface water and groundwater contaminant issues at industrial and commercial facilities through his previously owned environmental consulting/contracting companies. The first product, a catch basin insert (now known as the Aqua-Guardian ), was introduced in 1997 for use at point source problem sites such as gas stations, fast food restaurants and high traffic parking lots. The AquaShield TM stormwater filtration technology expanded into underground structures in 1999 with the installation of a "treatment train" structure utilizing pretreatment sediment removal incorporated with a filtration chamber to remove fine contaminants. This became the Aqua- Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System. Early in 2000, AquaShield TM formed its corporate office in Chattanooga, Tennessee and began its campaign as the vanguard for treatment of stormwater and industrial runoff. Recognition of the increasing compliance standards for waterborne pollutants set AquaShield TM apart in a fast growing industry. AquaShield TM received patents for treatment systems that integrated hydrodynamic swirl separation technology for pretreatment with high flow filtration technology in a single device. In 2001, the stand-alone AquaSwirl hydrodynamic swirl concentrator was introduced to meet the increasing requests for primary pollutant removal of sediment and floatable debris and oils. Accordingly, AquaShield TM offers three essential patented alternatives for treating stormwater and industrial runoff: the Aqua-Swirl Stormwater Treatment System, the Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System, and the Aqua-Guardian Catch Basin Insert. Other derivatives of these core products have been adapted for customers needing further enhanced water treatment. These products distinguish themselves from other systems with their high performance and lightweight construction material, providing unmatched flexibility and 6

21 adaptation to site-specific conditions. Each product arrives at the project job site completely assembled and ready for installation. 1.4 Key Contacts Dr. Richard S. Magee, P.E., BCEE Technical Director NJ Corporation for Advanced Technology Center for Environmental Systems Stevens Institute of Technology Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken, NJ mobile Mr. J. Kelly Williamson President AquaShield TM, Inc Kanasita Drive Chattanooga, Tennessee Mr. Mark B. Miller, P.G. Research Scientist AquaShield TM, Inc Kanasita Drive Chattanooga, Tennessee Mr. David J. Russell, P.E., BCEE, LSRP Senior Program Director AECOM 4 Neshaminy Interplex, Suite 300 Trevose, Pennsylvania David.Russell@aecom.com 2. The Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System The Aqua-Filter is designed for sites that require advanced treatment of runoff stormwater that may discharge into sensitive receiving waters. The Aqua-Filter uses a hydrodynamic separator and filtration for removal of sediment, debris and free-floating oil (Figure 1). Initial pretreatment of stormwater is not necessary when using the Aqua-Filter. In fact, each Aqua- Filter system is custom engineered to utilize a unique treatment train sequence where both the coarse and fine pollutants are removed. The Aqua-Swirl concentrator is designed to target the removal of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), debris and free-floating oil. The addition of the swirl concentrator allows for larger debris to settle before filtration and increases filtration effectiveness. The decreasing flow rate in the swirl concentrator causes suspended material to fall out of suspension and settle to the bottom of the chamber. An inner arched baffle minimizes the potential for oil and debris to be discharged. The filtration chamber is designed to refine and enhance the stormwater quality prior to discharge into sensitive receiving waters. As the pre-treated water enters the filtration chamber, it is evenly distributed across the filter bed and allowed to permeate through the filter media. The filter media are contained in individual containers, which are layered in a pattern to avoid shortcircuiting. The peak filtration flow rate is based on the calculated water quality treatment requirements desired for the site. 7

22 Figure 1 Aqua-Filter Mode of Operation Operation begins when stormwater enters the Aqua-Swirl by means of its tangential inlet pipe thereby inducing a circular (swirl or vortex) flow pattern. The swirl chamber provides pretreatment for filtration treatment by capturing and retaining coarse sediment, debris and free floating oil. A combination of gravitational and hydrodynamic drag forces results in solids dropping out of the flow. Particles settle and migrate to the center of the swirl chamber floor where velocities are the lowest. The captured (settled) particles are retained in a cone shaped sediment pile at the base of the swirl chamber. The treated flow exits the swirl chamber behind an arched inner baffle that is positioned opposite the influent pipe and in front of the effluent pipe. The top of the baffle is sealed across the treatment channel to eliminate floatable pollutants from escaping the swirl chamber. A vent pipe is extended up the riser to expose the backside of the baffle to atmospheric conditions, thus preventing a siphon from forming at the bottom of the baffle. Water is retained within the swirl chamber between storm events to a level equal to the invert elevations of both the influent and effluent pipes. As pretreated water enters the filtration chamber, it is evenly distributed across the surface area of the horizontal filter bed and allowed to permeate downward through the filter media under gravity flow conditions (Figure 2). While downflow filtration designs are most commonly used, custom upflow designs can be used where there is little vertical difference between the inlet and outlet elevations. Perlite is the most commonly used filter media in the Aqua-Filter. Other filter media such as granular activated carbon (GAC), leaf compost, zeolite, PathShield TM and various media blends are also available to meet site-specific discharge criteria. PathShield TM is an EPA registered antimicrobial filter media. 8

23 Figure 2 Aqua-Filter TM Filtration Chamber Operation Essential elements of an Aqua-Filter maintenance event include the replacement and disposal of the filter media containers, as well as vacuuming of floatables, oil and sediment from the swirl and filtration chambers. Two scenarios for Aqua-Filter maintenance events are likely. The first and most common scenario provides for cleaning both components of the system by utilizing a vacuum truck and replacing the filter media containers. The second maintenance event scenario provides only for the cleaning of the swirl chamber and filtration chamber by use of a vacuum truck; but, no replacement of the filter media containers. The filter media containers are the only components of the system that require replacement. The replacement of perlite filter containers is generally needed if the filter media is observed to exhibit a dark brown or black color, and if a noticeable excessive accumulation of sediment, oil or other materials occurs across the filter bed. Specifications for the field tested Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 are included in Appendix A. 3. Technology System Evaluation: Project Plan 3.1 Introduction The TARP field test of the Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 (5-ft. swirl diameter chamber; 45 ft 3 swirl chamber sediment storage capacity; 3 rows of filter containers) that is the subject of this report (AECOM 2013) was conducted by AECOM, 4 Neshaminy Interplex, Suite 300, Trevose, Pennsylvania The purpose of the Aqua-Filter TM AF-5.3 field testing program was to fulfill the initial Conditional Interim Certification (dated February 14, 2006) requirement for field testing. Field sampling activities began during 2007 to characterize several potential test sites for the purpose of identifying a site that would comply with the New Jersey TARP Tier II field testing requirements. After several years of site evaluations and preliminary testing an appropriate test site was located. A Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for the Aqua- Filter TM Field Evaluation was prepared in March 2012 and later revised in August 2012; monitoring activities commenced in March 2011 prior to finalization of the QAPP. The objective of the field testing was to demonstrate that the Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 at a filter loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2 would provide a TSS removal rate of >80% validating the laboratory test results in the NJCAT technology verification addendum report titled Aqua- Swirl Concentrator and Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System. 9

24 3.2 Site and System Description Field verification testing was conducted at the Burnt Mills Shopping Center in Silver Spring, Maryland. The test site drainage area is an asphalt covered parking lot with landscaped areas and roof runoff at an urban retail shopping center. The total drainage area is estimated at 1.19 acres. An offline Aqua-Filter TM AF-5.3 treatment unit was installed to provide sediment removal from parking lot stormwater runoff. An aerial site plan of the Burnt Mills Shopping Center is presented as Figure 3. A site plan of the Burnt Mills Shopping Center including the location of the Aqua-Filter TM is presented as Figure 4. Parking lot stormwater runoff is collected in catch basins and conveyed to the Aqua-Filter TM via underground piping. Specific requirements for field verification testing under the TARP Tier II protocol includes the definition of a qualified storm event, representative sample collection, the number of storm events required to be tested and specific conditions regarding the influent characteristics of the stormwater to be treated. Qualified storm event sampling is defined as: a storm event with at least 0.1 inch of rainfall; a minimum inter-event period of six hours, where cessation of flow from the system begins the inter-event period; flow-weighted composite samples covering a minimum of 60% of the total storm flow, including as much of the first 20% of the storm as possible; and a minimum of six water quality samples per storm event. 3.3 Sampling Design Sampling activities involved the collection of stormwater influent and effluent samples during qualified storm events. Sampling procedures were developed according to guidance given in TARP and in the "Field Sampling Procedures Manual", NJDEP, August 2005 (updated April 2011). The influent and effluent samples were collected from locations that were as close in proximity to the Aqua-Filter TM as possible to minimize potential sources of contamination that would impact the Best Management Practice (BMP) efficiency data. Influent samples were collected immediately upstream of the Aqua-Filter TM. Piping from the divergence structure conveys stormwater to the Aqua-Filter TM. Effluent samples were collected from a manhole located immediately downstream from the Aqua-Filter TM. Figure 5 presents the sampling locations for the Aqua-Filter TM. 10

25 Figure 3 Aerial Site Plan of the Burnt Mills Shopping Center 11

26 Figure 4 Site Plan of the Burnt Mills Shopping Center 12

27 Figure 5 Sampling Locations for the Aqua-Filter 13

28 3.4 Test Equipment and Apparatus The ISCO Portable Sampler Model 6712 was used as the programmable automatic sampler for field verification testing. This sampler can be programmed to collect specific sample volumes over specified time periods and can be used in conjunction with an area velocity meter to allow flow proportional composite sampling. An ISCO 750 Area Velocity Meter was used to record flow during a storm event. The ISCO 750 uses Doppler technology to measure average velocity in the flow stream. A pressure transducer measures liquid depth to determine flow area. The ISCO 6712, when interfaced with the ISCO 750, calculates flow rate (cubic feet per second) by multiplying the area (square feet) of the flow stream by its average velocity (feet per second). A liquid level actuator was used to activate the ISCO 750 Area Velocity Meter and ISCO sampler once flow was present ensuring that the first flush of each storm event was sampled. Initially, the TARP requirement that a minimum of six samples be collected from each storm was interpreted as a minimum of six individual composite samples of the influent and effluent were required to be submitted for laboratory analysis. The six individual sample analytical results were then averaged to establish the overall influent and effluent composite analytical result. For these initial events a total of 24 1-liter aliquots were collected during each sampling event providing the volume required in order to prepare six individual composite samples for laboratory analysis. The collection of six individual samples from 24 aliquots provided additional data concerning the fluctuation of influent loading and removal efficiency over the storm period and well exceeded the TARP guidelines of a minimum of six and a goal of 10 sample aliquots collected during each storm. Following consultation with NJCAT in March 2012, the sampling procedure for subsequent sampling events was modified to result in one overall influent and effluent flow proportional composite sample being submitted to the laboratory for analysis. A minimum of six influent and effluent 1-liter flow proportional samples were collected for each storm event with the goal of at least 10 1-liter flow proportional samples being collected and combined to form one influent and effluent composite sample for laboratory analysis for each storm event. Collected samples were transferred in the field through a cone sample splitter (Dekaport Cone Sample Splitter) fitted with a 4-inch 1,000 micron (μm) sieve to remove particles greater than 1,000 µm and into laboratory prepared sample bottles for each of the analytes. The sample bottles were placed on ice and transported immediately to the laboratory for analysis to ensure analytical methodology holding times were met. 3.5 Test Methods and Procedures Table 1 presents the analytical methods used for the field testing program. Suspended sediment concentrations were determined by both the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) methods. Total Volatile Suspended Solids (TVSS) analysis was also performed to assess the organic content of the suspended sediment. The TSS, SSC and TVSS results are reported as mg/l by the laboratory. Particle size distribution (PSD) was determined by serial filtration techniques using sieves sized at 1,000, 500, 250, 125, 63 µm and filter paper at 1.5 µm. 14

29 Table 1 Summary of Analytical Methods Parameter Matrix Method Reference Water (Influent, Effluent) Total Suspended Solids Suspended-Sediment Concentration Total Volatile Suspended Solids Particle Size Distribution Water (Influent, Effluent) SM 2540D ASTM D3977 EPA Method Serial Filtration Method All analyses of samples were performed by a NELAC and New Jersey certified laboratory, Test America, Inc. of Burlington, Vermont. 3.6 Precipitation Measurements An on-site rain gauge was used to measure the total precipitation for each sampling event. In addition, the nearest available documented weather station (Kemp Mill/Silver Spring), located approximately 1.5 miles from the Burnt Mills Shopping Center, was used to verify qualified storm events and the total precipitation for each sampling event. The weather station s recorded precipitation data over time was also used to determine rainfall intensity during each sampling event. Table 2 presents a summary of the sampling precipitation events and sample coverage. Table 2 Summary of Storm Sampling Events Sampling Event Sample Date Storm Duration (hr:min) Storm Size (inches) Sampling Duration (hr:min) 1 March 6, : :59 2 March 15-16, : :00 3 April 8, : :42 4 April 28, : :33 5 May 14, : :25 6 June 16, : :10 7 August 6, : :30 8 September 28, : :02 9 October 19, : :36 10 November 29, : :22 11 December 21, : :41 12 January 16, : :05 13 May 14-15, : :47 14 July 14, : :59 15 January 13-15, : :44 16 January 30-31, : :05 17 February 26-27, : :18 18 March 6, : :38 19 March 12, : :16 20 April 12, : :03 21 May 7-8, : :34 Average 0.75 Total

30 The total precipitation sampled was inches with storm sizes ranging from a low of 0.11 inches to a high of 1.60 inches. TARP guidelines specify that a minimum qualifying event is 0.1 inches. Storm durations ranged from 2 hours 19 minutes to 64 hours 8 minutes. The average precipitation during the stormwater sampling program was 0.75 inches. Storm durations were estimated based upon the recorded precipitation at the Kemp Mill/Silver Spring weather station. For all storm events, samples were collected from the first 20% of the total storm event flow Table 3 compares the on-site measured precipitation to the off-site weather station precipitation. Table 3 Comparison of On-site Rainfall to Off-site Weather Station Aqua-Filter TM Precipitation Events Difference Event Date On-site Weather Station Station-On-site (inches) (inches) (inches) 1 March 6, March 15-16, April 8, April 28, May 14, June 16, August 6, September 28, October 19, November 29, December 21, January 16, May 14-15, July 14, January 13-15, January 30-31, February 26-27, March 6, March 12, April 12, May 7-8, Sum of Differences (in.) 0.68 Total Rain (in.) Average % Variance 4.3% A difference of 0.68 inches of precipitation is recorded between the two locations which equates to an average variance of 4.3%. It is considered that this precipitation variance is acceptable to allow for system performance evaluation. 16

31 3.7 Flow Measurements Flows were recorded during each sampling event, downloaded and summarized to provide flow measurements for each sampling interval. These flow measurements were used to calculate hydraulic loading rates to the Aqua-Filter as well as to determine mass loading of suspended solids during each sampling event. Influent and effluent flow volumes were compared to determine if any adverse conditions or flow volume measurement errors existed within the Aqua-Filter TM system during the sampling period. Table 4 summarizes the flow volumes and the variances between influent and effluent flow volumes. An average variance of 9% between flow volumes was calculated for the 21 storms indicating that no overall adverse flow conditions occurred during sampling events. Table 4 Aqua-Filter TM AF-5.3 Flow Volumes Comparison Storm # 3.8 Hydrographs Sample Date Influent (ft 3 ) Effluent (ft 3 ) Variance (%) 1 March 6, ,012 2, March 15-16, April 8, April 28, ,422 1, May 14, June 16, ,023 1, August 6, , September 28, ,807 2, October 19, ,466 2, November 29, December 21, January 16, ,470 1, May 14-15, ,743 8, July 14, ,760 2, January 13-15, ,330 23, January 30-31, ,476 18, February 26-27, ,899 11, March 6, ,517 4, March 12, ,827 2, April 12, ,848 5, May 7-8, ,885 9,804 1 Average 9% Hydrographs of the recorded effluent flows over time during each sampling event and the measured precipitation over time as recorded at the Kemp Mill/Silver Spring weather station 17

32 were developed and are presented in Appendix B. The hydrographs provide a graphic illustration of the recorded flows, rainfall intensity and when flow-weighted composite samples were collected during each of the precipitation events. The hydrographs also provide a graphic illustration of the sample coverage for each storm event. The shaded area under the precipitation curve coincides with the sampling duration time. The sampling duration area under the curve was compared to the total precipitation area under the curve to determine the percentage of flow volume coverage for each storm. The areas under the curve are unit-less based on AutoCAD drawing scales. Table 5 summarizes the areas under the curve for sampling duration and total precipitation to determine the percentage of flow volume sample coverage. An average of 80% storm volume sample coverage has been achieved for the 21 storms. Table 5 Aqua-Filter TM AF-5.3 Percentage of Storm Volumes Sampled Storm # Sample Date Sampling Duration Area Under Curve Total Precipitation Area Under Curve % Storm Sampled 1 March 6, March 15-16, April 8, April 28, , May 14, June 16, August 6, September 28, October 19, November 29, December 21, , January 16, May 14-15, July 14, January 13-15, January 30-31, February 26-27, March 6, March 12, April 12, May 7-8, Average Stormwater Data Collection Table 6 summarizes storm characteristics for the 21 storm events including storm duration, sampling duration, storm size, peak storm intensity and peak influent loading rate. An average peak influent loading rate is calculated to be 6.1 gpm/ft 2. TARP guidelines (NJDEP 2006) specify that at least two storms must exceed 75% of the design treatment capacity (16.5 gpm/ft 2 ). The three highest peak influent loading rates are 15.6 gpm/ft 2 (storm #14), 15.8 gpm/ft 2 (storm 18

33 #7) and 17.5 gpm/ft 2 (storm #20). Storms #7 and #14 exceed 75% of the design treatment capacity and storm #20 is >100% of the design treatment capacity. Table 6 Summary of Storm Characteristics Storm # Sample Date Storm Duration (hours:mins) Sampling Duration (hours:mins) Storm Size (inches) Peak Storm Intensity (in/hr) Peak Influent Loading Rate (gpm/ft 2 ) 1 March 6, :50 1: March 15-16, :06 3: April 8, :55 1: April 28, :19 1: May 14, :05 1: June 16, :20 1: August 6, :46 1: September 28, :05 1: October 19, :26 1: November 29, :95 1: December 21, :06 2: January 16, :59 3: May 14-15, :01 14: July 14, :59 1: January 13-15, :08 63: January 30-31, :34 9: February 26-27, :25 19: March 6, :30 10: March 12, :20 7: April 12, :59 11: May 7-8, :31 37: Average Total Treatment System Maintenance All 36 perlite filter media containers were replaced on February 28, Routine maintenance of the Aqua-Filter TM system was conducted at the Burnt Mills Shopping Center by technicians affiliated with the County Stormwater Sewer Maintenance Program. Available records indicate that the swirl chamber was vacuumed by the County Maintenance Department during November A vacuum truck was used to empty all captured materials (floatables and settleable solids) and flush the Swirl chamber and associated catch basins and divergence and convergence structures. Continued inspections of the Aqua-Filter TM during the testing program indicate that the device has exhibited long term functionality and has been properly maintained as recommended by the manufacturer. Disposal of recovered materials from the Aqua-Filter TM was not the responsibility of AquaShield TM or its agent(s) during the testing program. Neither AECOM nor AquaShield TM were informed prior to that maintenance event; hence, the condition of captured material and sediment accumulation in the swirl chamber could not be documented. 19

34 The Aqua-Filter Inspection and Maintenance Manual (March 2013) is available for download on the AquaShield technical documents website page at: 4. Technology System Performance 4.1 Test Results During initial testing, six influent and six effluent sample pairs were collected for laboratory analysis during each event. Following consultation with NJCAT in March 2012, the sampling procedure for subsequent sampling events was modified to result in one overall influent and effluent flow proportional composite sample being submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Sum of loads removal efficiency calculations have been performed for the 21 storm events and inches of rainfall. Table 7 below summarizes the influent and effluent TSS and SSC mass loads and removal efficiency calculations. Both TSS and SSC removal efficiencies are calculated to be approximately 97% by the sum of loads method. Note that SSC analysis could not be performed for storm #14 due to high suspended material in the samples which prevented water from passing through the analysis method filter paper. Sampling Event Table 7 Suspended Solids Event Sum of Loads Removal Efficiencies Date Influent TSS Effluent TSS Influent SSC Mass (lbs) Mass (lbs) Mass (lbs) 1 3/6/ /15-16/ /8/ /28/ /14/ /16/ /6/ /28/ /19/ /29/ /21/ /16/ /14-15/ /14/ NA NA 15 1/13-16/ /30-31/ /26-27/ /6/ /12/ /12/ /7-8/ Total Mass 1, , Removal Efficiency 96.5% 97.1% Effluent SSC Mass (lbs) 20

35 Exclusion of any storm having higher influent loadings compared to other storms does not appreciably alter removal efficiencies since most effluent mass values are relatively low. The sum of the loads method indicates that approximately 1,100 pounds of sediment was removed from stormwater runoff for the 21 storms monitored during the testing program. Table 8 summarizes the TSS and SSC influent and effluent results; percent Total Volatile Suspended Solids (TVSS) of TSS; and removal efficiencies for each stormwater event based upon average concentration of six influent and effluent samples or direct comparison to influent and effluent composite samples. Sediment removal efficiency is calculated as follows: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration Effluent Concentration) Influent Concentration x 100 Table 8 Summary of TSS and SSC Removal Efficiencies Storm # Sample Date Influent TSS (mg/l) Effluent TSS (mg/l) TSS Removal Efficiency (%) Influent SSC (mg/l) Effluent SSC (mg/l) SSC Removal Efficiency (%) % TVSS of TSS 1 3/6/ /15-16/ /8/ /28/ /14/ /16/ /6/ /28/ /19/ /29/ /21/ /16/ /14-15/ /14/ NA NA NA /13-16/ /30-31/ /26-27/ /6/ /12/ /12/ /7-8/ Average

36 Average TSS removal efficiency is 91.9% for the 21 storm events and inches of rainfall. The SSC average removal efficiency is 93.3% for 20 storms and inches of rainfall. (Note that the averages shown for the first 12 storms are a result of the average of six individual sample analytical results as discussed in Section 3.4. Hence, the removal efficiencies shown are not identical to what one would calculate from the average influent and effluent concentrations). Average influent TSS and SSC concentrations were and mg/l, respectively, and within the TARP-specified range of 100 to 300 mg/l. Average effluent TSS and SSC concentrations were 4.8 and 5.0 mg/l, respectively. Data indicates that the sediment concentrations determined by the TSS and SSC methods compare closely. The cumulative average TVSS percentage of TSS was calculated to be 38.7%. The laboratory performed PSD analysis on samples obtained from three storm events: May 14-15, July 14, 2012 and March 6, Results of influent PSD conditions for these storms are summarized below in Table 9. The results are consistent with a fine-grained clay-loam textured sediment. Approximately 70% of the influent particulate is finer than 125 µm and 63% of the influent particulate is finer than 63 µm. The mean influent particle size is less than 100 µm and is compliant with the TARP particle size protocol. Figure 6 illustrates the AF-5.3 PSD curve based on the average influent values listed in Table 9. Figure 6 also compares the AF-5.3 PSD to that of the NJDEP laboratory test standard gradation (NJPSD) for filtration devices as specified in the recently released NJDEP Laboratory Protocol to Assess Total Suspended Solids Removal by a Filtration Manufactured Treatment Device (January 25, 2013). Table 9 Influent PSD Summary % Finer than Each Sieve/Filter Summary Storm Event 1,000 µm 500 µm 250 µm 125 µm 63 µm 1.5 µm May 14-15, July 14, March 6, Average

37 Figure 6 PSD Comparison of Field and NJDEP Laboratory Standard In order to determine the PSD of the solids that had settled and have been retained within the swirl chamber since the prior maintenance event in November 2012, three sediment samples were collected on June 25, Samples were collected on the influent side, center and effluent side of the accumulated sediment layer. The PSD analysis was performed by the serial filtration method as cited above. Table 10 summarizes the PSD of samples retained in the swirl chamber. Figure 7 illustrates the accumulated form of the captured sediment in cross-sectional view. The influent side, center and effluent side locations were measured to be one, five and three inches thick, respectively. As designed, the vortex motion of water within the swirl chamber provides for the capture of sediment and retention toward the center of the chamber. 23

38 Figure 7 Sediment Accumulation Profile in AS-5 Swirl Chamber 24

39 Table 10 Captured Sediment PSD in Swirl Chamber Sample ID % Finer than Each Sieve/Filter Summary Filter Size (µm) 1, SWIRL Influent (side) 100% SWIRL Center 100% SWIRL Effluent (side) 100% Figure 8 illustrates the particulate distribution for the three swirl chamber samples. Data indicates that the sediment accumulation in the center portion of the swirl chamber is finer grained than the influent and effluent edge samples. This would be expected as the fine-grained, low-settling velocity sediment continues to accumulate in the center of the swirl chamber as a result of the vortex water motion during repeated storm events. Figure 8 Swirl Chamber PSD Graph-Influent (side), Center, Effluent (side) 4.2 Data Quality Assessment In accordance with the QAPP, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples were collected during the certification program to confirm the precision and accuracy of the sampling and analysis program. Two types of QA/QC samples were collected: field duplicates and field blanks. Field duplicate stormwater samples were collected in identical, laboratory prepared bottles and analyzed for the same parameters. The field duplicate samples were collected at the 25

40 same location and from the same sample aliquot as the original samples. One field duplicate stormwater sample was collected for each sampling event, when sufficient sample volume was available. One field blank sample was also collected for each sampling event. The field blank was collected by pouring laboratory provided distilled/deionized water through the cone sample splitter into a decontaminated sample bottle, then into the appropriate sample containers for analysis. Field duplicate analytical results showed acceptable reproducibility of the majority of sampling events. There were isolated events with field duplicate sample results that were outliers; however, the overall relative percent difference (RPD) indicated acceptable reproducibility in sampling results. The overall average RPD was within 30%. If the identified outliers were not included, the average RPD decreased to less than 20% which is the RPD objective identified in the QAPP. The majority of field blank results were below the method detection limits with the exception of two sampling events (April 8, 2012 and May 7-8, 2013) that exhibited low TVSS, TSS and SSC concentrations just above the method detection limit. One low SSC concentration was also detected during the September 28, 2011 event. Field blank results for all other events were not detected. The field blank results confirmed that the decontamination procedures used for the sampling apparatus and the cone splitter were effective at minimizing any cross contamination during sampling and analysis. Review of the overall QA/QC procedures and analytical results have confirmed that the field sampling procedures and analytical methodologies employed produced reliable and representative analytical results. 4.3 Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was conducted on the sampling program data to ensure that the collected data were reliable, significant and within confidence limits. Initially the removal efficiency for each analytical parameter was evaluated to determine confidence intervals and associated variance. The coefficient of variation (COV) was calculated using the calculated TSS and SSC removal efficiencies for all sampling events. The calculated COV for TSS removal efficiencies was 8.4% and for SSC removal efficiencies was 8.5%. The COVs were within acceptable limits in the TARP protocol. To evaluate the significance of differences between influent and effluent mean concentrations, the Mann-Whitney Rank U Test was used. The Mann-Whitney Rank U Test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test for assessing whether two independent samples of observations have equally large values. The null hypothesis concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between influent and effluent mean TSS and SSC concentrations. 26

41 4.4 Performance Summary Table 11 summarizes the storm characteristics (duration, size, intensity, peak loading rate) as well as the associated sediment removal efficiencies. Sampling Event Sample Date Table 11 Storm Characteristics versus Performance TSS Removal Efficiency SSC Removal Efficiency Storm Duration Storm Size Peak Storm Intensity Peak Loading Rate (%) (%) (hr:min) (inches) (in/hr) (gpm/ft 2 ) 1 March 6, : March 15-16, : April 8, : April 28, : May 14, : June 16, : August 6, : September 28, : October 19, : November 29, : December 21, : January 16, : May 14-15, : July 14, NA 2: January 13-15, : January 30-31, : February 26-27, : March 6, : March 12, : April 12, : May 7-8, : Average : Total Performance Verification A 26-month field test of an Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 has been completed at an urban shopping center in Silver Spring, Maryland. Analytical results and performance analysis from 21 storm events and over 15 inches of rainfall demonstrated that 18 of the storms achieved greater than 80% TSS removal efficiency for the fine-grained clay-loam textured sediment influent. Average TSS removal efficiency is 91.9% for the 21 storms. The SSC average removal efficiency is 93.3% for 20 storms. Both TSS and SSC removal efficiencies are calculated to be greater than 95% by the sum of loads method. These field results validate the finding in the NJCAT technology verification addendum report titled Aqua-Swirl Concentrator and Aqua- Filter Stormwater Filtration System that the Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 at a filter loading rate of 16.5 gpm/ft 2 would provide a TSS removal rate of >80%. 27

42 The TARP requirement that a minimum of six samples be collected from each storm was interpreted by AECOM during the initial testing period that a minimum of six individual composite samples of the influent and effluent were required to be submitted for laboratory analysis (See Section 3.4). To ensure that sufficient sample volumes were collected for the required analyses, storm durations had to be conservatively predicted which led to varying sampling durations, and consequently event coverage, within the rainfall period, during the first 12 events. The storm duration coverage for these storms fluctuated from 35 to 97 percent, with four (4) storms having less than 60% storm coverage; an average of 80% storm flow coverage for the 21 storms was achieved over the 26-month field testing period. TARP qualifying storms require flow-weighted composite samples be obtained covering a minimum of 60% of the total storm flow. Analysis of the TSS and SSC removal efficiencies for the four events having less than 60% storm coverage indicated slightly higher removal efficiencies than that of the 17 qualifying events, possibly due to the higher impact of the first flush. Consequently, utilizing these four storms for the AF-5.3 performance evaluation resulted in slightly higher average removal efficiencies for TSS (91.9% vs. 91.1%) and SSC (93.3% vs. 92.8%) had these storms not been included. Hence, it is concluded that including the results from all 21 storms does not impact the finding that the Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 achieved greater than 90% TSS and SSC removal efficiencies during the 26-month field test. The impact of removing these four storms when evaluating the suspended solids event sum of loads removal efficiencies (Table 7) was minimal. Removal efficiency for TSS dropped 0.1%, while removal efficiency for SSC remained unchanged. 6. Net Environmental Benefit The Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 requires no input of raw material, has no moving parts and therefore uses no water or energy other than that provided by stormwater runoff. For the 21 storm events monitored during the 26-month monitoring period the mass of materials captured and retained by the Aqua-Filter TM Model AF-5.3 would otherwise have been released to the environment. 7. References AECOM (2012). Quality Assurance Project Plan for Field Performance Verification Testing of the Aqua-Filter Model AF-5.3 Stormwater Treatment System, Burnt Mills Shopping Center, Silver Spring, Maryland. Kennedy, John B. and Neville, Adam M. Basic Statistical Methods for Engineers and Scientists. Second Edition, Pun-Donnelly Publisher, New York. New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT). (November 2012). NJCAT Technology Verification Report, Aqua-Swirl Model AS-5 Stormwater Treatment System. New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT). (August 2007). NJCAT Technology Verification Addendum Report, Aqua-Swirl Concentrator and Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System. 28

43 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). (2006). New Jersey Tier II Stormwater Test Requirements-Amendment to TARP Tier II Protocol. Trenton, New Jersey. Available online: Technology Acceptance and Reciprocity Partnership (TARP). (2003). The Technology Acceptance Reciprocity Partnership for Protocol for Stormwater Best Management Practice Demonstrations. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2006). Data Quality Assessment: A Reviewer s Guide EPA QA/G-9R. 29

44 APPENDIX A AQUA-FILTER MODEL AF-5.3 SPECIFICATIONS 30

45 * Please see accompanied Aqua-Filter Specifications notes. ** See Site Plan for actual system orientation. Octagonal Base Plate 79" [2007 mm] A 79" [2007 mm] Vent 90 ** Ø66 7/8" [Ø1699 mm] Anchor Panel B 146" [3708 mm] Removable Center Panel C Outlet A 10 3/4" [273 mm] OD Max 80 3/4" [2051 mm] 42" [1067 mm] Bedding Filter Grate Supports 3 Evenly Spaced Distribution Slots Filter Media Bedding Pipe coupling by Contractor. 12" [305 mm] long Stub-out by Manufacturer. Inlet Arched Baffle 10 3/4" [273 mm] OD Max 10 3/4" [273 mm] OD Max B Plan View C Ladder Pipe coupling by Contractor. 12" [305 mm] long Stub-out by Manufacturer. Bedding Undisturbed Soils Section B-B Varies 21 3/8" [543 mm] shown Grade (Rim) 32" [813 mm] OD Riser HDPE risers can be field cut to match finished grade by Contractor. Manhole Frame and Cover on All risers by Manufacturer. (See Detail) 32" [813 mm] OD Riser Grade (Rim) Varies 24" [610 mm] shown 42" [1067 mm] Removable Center Panel Swirl Inlet 104" [2642 mm] 68" [1727 mm] Arched Baffle Filter Inlet Swirl Outlet 47 3/8" [1203 mm] Removable Center Panel 3 Evenly Spaced Distribution Slots Anchor Panel Feet Filter Media Ladder 18" [457 mm] Min. Filter Outlet 29 3/8" [746 mm] 80 3/4" [2051 mm] Bedding Filter Grate Supports Bedding Undisturbed Soils Bedding Phone (888) " [305 mm] Bedding 42" [1067 mm] 12" [305 mm] Anchor Panel Feet Section C-C Gravel Backfill shall extend at least 3.5 feet [1067 mm] outward from Swirl Concentrator and for the full height of the Swirl Concentrator (including riser) extending laterally to undisturbed soils. (See MH Detail Below) Undisturbed Soils Section A-A If traffic loading (H-20) is required or anticipated, a concrete pad must be placed over the Stormwater Treatment System per concrete design as calculated by Engineer. For systems where the depth from grade to the top of the chamber is greater than the radius of the chamber, a 5ft. x 5ft. [1.5m x 1.5m] concrete pad must be placed over the Stormwater Treatment System to support and level the manhole frame. For shallower burials, a reinforced concrete pad extending over the entire chamber is required. Sample details of concrete pad available upon request. 3" 4 1/2" Cover [76 mm] Typ. [114 mm] Paving Paving 10" 1/2" Concrete 10" Concrete [254 mm] Frame [13 mm] [254 mm] 1" 1" Gravel Backfill Gravel Backfill [25 mm] [25 mm] Riser Support and Level Wrap Compressible Expansion Backfill (90% Proctor Density) manhole frame with Joint Material to a minimum Manhole Frame & Cover Detail concrete pad. DO NOT 1-inch [25 mm] thickness around For H-20 Traffic Loading Areas allow manhole frame to top of riser to allow transfer of NTS rest upon HDPE riser. traffic loading from manhole cover to concrete slab. Unless other traffic barriers are present, bollards shall be placed around access riser(s) in non-traffic areas to prevent inadvertent loading by maintenance vehicles. 48" 4 1/2" Cover [1219 mm] Min. [114 mm] Soil 12" [305 mm] Concrete 1/2" 8" Frame [13 mm] [203 mm] 1" 1" [25 mm] [25 mm] Gravel Backfill Place small amount of Riser concrete [3,000 psi [20 Wrap Compressible Expansion Backfill (90% Proctor Density) MPa] (min)] to support Joint Material to a minimum Manhole Frame & Cover Detail and level manhole frame. 1-inch [25 mm] thickness around For Non-Traffic Areas Only DO NOT allow manhole top of riser to allow transfer of NTS frame to rest upon riser. inadvertent loading from manhole cover to concrete slab. Phone (888) Fax (423) Document: AF-5.3 STD Drawn By: SCE Scale: 1:50 Date: 07/13/2012 U.S. Patent No and other Patent Pending Aqua-Filter Filtration System Model AF-5.3 Off-Line Standard Detail 31

46 APPENDIX B INDIVIDUAL STORM REPORTS 32

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72 Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System Inspection and Maintenance Manual AquaShield TM, Inc Kanasita Drive Suite 111 Chattanooga, TN Toll free (888) Phone: (423) Fax: (423) March 2014 Page 1 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

73 Table of Contents Page(s) AquaShield TM Stormwater Treatment Systems 3 Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Treatment System 4 12 Inspection and Maintenance Worksheets Aqua-Filter TM Tabular Maintenance Schedule 18 AquaShield TM, Inc Kanasita Drive Suite 111 Chattanooga, Tennessee Toll free (888) (423) Fax (423) Page 2 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

74 AquaShield, Inc Stormwater Treatment Solutions The highest priority of AquaShield TM, Inc. (AquaShield ) is to protect waterways by providing stormwater treatment solutions to businesses across the world. These solutions have a reliable foundation based on over 20 years of water treatment experience. Local regulators, engineers, and contractors have praised the AquaShield systems for their simple design and ease of installation. All the systems are fabricated from high performance, durable and lightweight materials. Contractors prefer the quick and simple installation of our structures that saves them money. The patented line of AquaShield stormwater treatment products that provide high levels of stormwater treatment include the following: Aqua-Swirl Stormwater Treatment System: hydrodynamic separator, which provides a highly effective means for the removal of sediment, floating debris and freeoil. Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System: treatment train stormwater filtration system capable of removing gross contaminants, fine sediments, waterborne hydrocarbons, heavy metals and total phosphorous. Aqua-Swirl Filtration Chamber of Aqua-Filter TM system Page 3 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

75 Aqua-Filter Stormwater Filtration System The Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System is designed for projects that require advanced treatment of stormwater runoff. Each system is custom engineered for site-specific needs. The patented Aqua-Filter TM system utilizes a unique treatment-train approach that includes an Aqua-Swirl hydrodynamic separator for pretreatment followed by a filtration chamber for secondary treatment. A variety of natural filter media are used in order to complete the treatment process by polishing the stormwater prior to discharge. Independent laboratory and field performance verifications have shown that the Aqua-Filter TM system achieves over 80% suspended solids removal efficiency on a net annual basis. Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System showing Aqua-Swirl for pretreatment followed by filtration chamber for secondary treatment prior to discharge. The Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System is designed for sites that require advanced treatment of runoff stormwater to meet stringent discharge requirements. Each Aqua-Filter TM system is custom engineered and utilizes a unique approach for pollutant removal. This patented configuration begins with the removal of sediment, debris and free-floating oil by the Aqua- Swirl Stormwater Treatment System (pretreatment chamber), followed by the removal of fine sediments and other waterborne pollutants by the filtration chamber. The system can be designed for new construction projects or be used for retrofit applications. Inspection and maintenance are made simplified with oversized risers that allow for both examination and cleanout. An ingress/egress ladder is provided for the filtration chamber to better facilitate maintenance. Each Aqua-Filter TM is constructed of high performance, lightweight and durable materials including polymer coated steel (PCS) or high density polyethylene (HDPE). These materials eliminate the need for heavy lifting equipment during installation. Page 4 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

76 Third party performance and functionality testing has demonstrated Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removals of greater than 80% on a net annual basis. In addition, the Aqua-Filter TM is effective for the removal of other pollutants including petroleum hydrocarbons as well as total phosphorus and various heavy metals when bound to particulate material. System Operation The Aqua-Filter TM Stormwater Filtration System operates under gravitational and hydrodynamic forces with no moving parts or valves which simplifies the treatment process. The Aqua-Filter TM system is typically installed to operate in an off-line configuration. However, local jurisdictions may allow for in-line (on-line) installations. AquaShield TM recommends that local guidelines be confirmed during the site design process to ensure the proper installation rules for an Aqua- Filter TM system. Step 1: Pretreatment by Aqua-Swirl Peripheral pretreatment of stormwater is not necessary when using the Aqua-Filter TM. In fact, each Aqua-Filter TM is custom engineered to utilize a unique treatment train approach. Operation begins when stormwater enters the Aqua-Swirl through a tangential inlet pipe that produces a circular (or vortex) flow pattern that causes contaminates to settle to the base of the unit. Since stormwater flow is intermittent by nature, the Aqua-Swirl retains water between storm events providing both dynamic and quiescent settling of solids. The dynamic settling occurs during each storm event while the quiescent settling takes place between successive storms. A combination of gravitational and hydrodynamic drag forces encourages the solids to drop out of the flow and migrate to the center of the chamber where velocities are the lowest. The treated flow then exits the Aqua-Swirl behind the arched outer baffle. The top of the baffle is sealed across the treatment channel, thereby eliminating floatable pollutants from escaping the system. A vent pipe is extended up the riser to expose the backside of the baffle to atmospheric conditions, preventing a siphon from forming at the bottom of the baffle. Aqua-Swirl component of the Aqua-Filter TM System. Note tangential inlet and outlet piping stubouts. Page 5 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

77 Step 2: Secondary Treatment by Filtration Chamber The filtration chamber in the Aqua-Filter TM is designed to refine and enhance the stormwater quality prior to discharge into sensitive receiving waters. As the pretreated water enters the filtration chamber, it is evenly distributed across the filter bed and allowed to permeate by gravity flow through the filter media. Either a downflow or upflow configuration can be used for the filtration chamber. The filter media are contained in individual and durable nylon mesh containers (bags) positioned in such manner to avoid short circuiting (see Filter Replacement). Filtration chamber of Aqua-Filter TM system being lowered into place. Access risers are visible along the top length of the chamber. The natural filter media used for filtration is capable of removing the remaining waterborne pollutants such as fine-grained sediment, oil, total phosphorus, and heavy metals (e.g., copper, lead, zinc). The most commonly used media is coarse perlite. Other filter media such as zeolite, granulated activated carbon, leaf compost, bone char and various proprietary media blends are available to target site-specific pollutant treatment goals and discharge limits. AquaShield Product System Maintenance The long term performance of any stormwater treatment structure, including manufactured or land based systems, depends on a consistent maintenance plan. Inspection and maintenance functions are simple and easy for AquaShield TM Stormwater Treatment Systems allowing all inspections to be performed from the surface. It is important that a routine inspection and maintenance program be established for each unit based on: (a) the volume or load of the contaminants of concern, (b) the frequency of releases of contaminants at the facility or location, and (c) the nature of the area being drained. In order to ensure that our systems are being maintained properly, AquaShield TM offers a maintenance solution to all of our customers. We will arrange to have maintenance performed. Page 6 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

78 Distinctive AquaShield TM logo is visible on manhole covers for each system. Filter containers (bags) are easily managed. Inspection All AquaShield TM products can be inspected from the surface, eliminating the need to enter the systems to determine when cleanout should be performed. In most cases, AquaShield TM recommends a quarterly inspection for the first year of operation to develop an appropriate schedule of maintenance. Based on experience of the system s first year in operation, we recommend that the inspection schedule be revised to reflect site-specific conditions being encountered. Typically, the inspection schedule for subsequent years is reduced to semi-annual inspection events. Discussions pertaining to maintenance of the Aqua-Swirl and Filtration Chamber are provided below Page 7 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

79 Aqua-Swirl Maintenance The Aqua-Swirl has been designed to minimize and simplify the inspection and maintenance process. The single swirl chamber system can be inspected and maintained entirely from the surface thereby eliminating the need for confined space entry. There are no areas of the structure that are blocked from visual inspection or periodic cleaning. Inspection of any free-floating oil and floatable debris can be directly observed and maintained through the manhole access provided directly over the swirl chamber. Aqua-Swirl Inspection Procedure To inspect the Aqua-Swirl pretreatment chamber, a hook is needed to remove the manhole cover. AquaShield TM provides a customized manhole cover with our distinctive logo to make it easy for maintenance crews to locate a system in the field. We also provide a permanent metal information plate affixed inside the access riser which provides our contact information, the Aqua-Swirl model size and serial number. The only tools needed to inspect the Aqua-Swirl system are a flashlight and a measuring device such as a stadia rod or pole. Given the easy and direct accessibility provided, floating oil and debris can be observed directly from the surface. Sediment depths can easily be determined by lowering a measuring device to the top of the sediment pile and to the surface of the water. Sediment inspection using a stadia rod in a single chamber. The maintenance trigger for Aqua-Swirl Models AS-3 through AS-13 occurs when the sediment pile is within 42 to 48 inches of the standing water surface. For the Aqua-Swirl Model AS-2, maintenance is needed when the top of the sediment pile is measured to be 30 to 32 inches below the standing water surface. Page 8 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

80 42-48 AS-2: Maintenance trigger for Aqua-Swirl Models AS- 3 through AS-13 occurs when sediment pile is inches below water surface. Maintenance trigger for Aqua-Swirl Model AS-2 occurs when sediment pile is inches below water surface. It should be noted that in order to avoid underestimating the volume of sediment in the chamber, the measuring device must be carefully lowered to the top of the sediment pile. Keep in mind that the finer sediment at the top of the pile may offer less resistance to the measuring device than the larger particles which typically occur deeper within the sediment pile. The Aqua-Swirl design allows for the sediment to accumulate in a semi-conical fashion as illustrated above. That is, the depth to sediment as measured below the water surface may be less in the center of the swirl chamber; and likewise, may be greater at the edges of the swirl chamber. Aqua-Swirl Cleanout Procedure Cleaning the Aqua-Swirl is simple and quick. Free-floating oil and floatable debris can be observed and removed directly through the 30-inch service access riser provided. A vacuum truck is typically used to remove the accumulated sediment and debris. An advantage of the Aqua-Swirl design is that the entire sediment storage area can be reached with a vacuum hose from the surface (reaching all the sides). Since there are no multiple or limited (hidden or blind ) chambers in the Aqua-Swirl, there are no restrictions to impede on-site maintenance tasks. Disposal of Recovered Materials from Aqua-Swirl Disposal of recovered material is typically handled in the same fashion as catch basin cleanouts. AquaShield TM recommends that all maintenance activities be performed in accordance with appropriate health and safety practices for the tasks and equipment being used. AquaShield TM also recommends that all materials removed from the Aqua-Swirl and any external structures (e.g, bypass features) be handled and disposed in full accordance with any applicable local and state requirements. Page 9 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

81 Vacuum truck quickly cleans the Aqua-Swirl from a single chamber Filtration Chamber Maintenance The filter media is also easily observed from the surface. Manhole covers are spaced over the entire filtration bed to provide easy access. AquaShield TM provides a customized manhole cover with our logo to make it easy for maintenance crews to locate a system in the field. An entry riser provides direct access into the filtration chamber with a permanent ladder welded into the downstream section of the filtration chamber. This additional access allows for the vacuuming of any standing water and an unobstructed access to the downstream side of the filter bed. A permanent ingress/egress ladder provides access to filter chamber. Note metal product identification plate above ladder. Initially, perlite filter media is light tan or white in color. When the media color turns black or dark brown, it has become saturated due to pollutant loading and requires replacement. Call toll free (888) to order replacement filters. Page 10 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

82 Replacement of the filtration media typically requires entry into the filtration chamber by one of a two-member maintenance crew. Confined space entry methods should be followed by the maintenance crew when removing and replacing the filters. The spent filter containers are normally retrieved from the filter chamber by a second crewmember at the surface through the multiple 30-inch risers spaced across the top of the filter bed. In addition, the filter containers can be accessed directly from within the filtration chamber via a vertical removable panel (bulkhead door) at the rear of the filter bed and directly across from the ladder. Filter Media Disposal Disposal of recovered material is typically handled in the same fashion as catch basin cleanouts. AquaShield TM recommends that all maintenance activities be performed in accordance with appropriate health and safety practices for the tasks and equipment being used. AquaShield TM also recommends that all materials removed from the Aqua-Swirl and any external structures (e.g, bypass features) be handled and disposed in full accordance with any applicable local and state requirements. Filter Media Replacement Spent filter media can often be recycled or sent to a permitted lined landfill. Always check local regulations to ensure proper disposal of spent filter media. Instructions and photographs are provided on page 12 showing the procedures to follow to install fresh filter media containers. The bottom of two courses is placed on the fiberglass grates. Cargo netting is used across the top course of the filter containers to secure them in place. Cargo Netting Installation Cargo netting is used to secure filter containers in place after containers are installed in the appropriate orientation within the filtration chamber. Cargo netting is placed on top of the top course of filter containers and stretched into place using provided heavy duty cable ties. The netting is cable tied to anchor blocks and attached to the side walls of the filtration chamber. It is important to install the netting in such a way as to both cover the entire surface area of the containers while stretching netting snuggly to minimize container movement under high flow conditions. Netting installation is complete when all surface area of filter containers are covered with netting and netting is secured with cable ties to anchor blocks. Page 11 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

83 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS for FILTER CONTAINERS (1) Bottom Grates found in chamber (2) First row first course (3) Second row (4) Second course started (5) Second course complete Page 12 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

84 Aqua-Filter TM Inspection and Maintenance Manual Work Sheets SITE and OWNER INFORMATION Site Name: Site Location: Date: Time: Inspector Name: Inspector Company: Phone #: Owner Name: Owner Address: Owner Phone #: Emergency Phone #: INSPECTION Note: Aqua-Filter TM system is a treatment train including Aqua-Swirl pretreatment hydrodynamic separator and filtration chamber. I. Floatable Debris and Oil in Aqua-Swirl 1. Remove manhole lid to expose liquid surface of the Aqua-Swirl. 2. Remove floatable debris with basket or net if any present. 3. If oil is present, measure its depth. Clean liquids from system if one half (½) inch or more oil is present. Note: Water in Aqua-Swirl can appear black and similar to oil due to the dark body of the surrounding structure. Oil may appear darker than water in the system and is usually accompanied by oil stained debris (e.g. Styrofoam, etc.). The depth of oil can be measured with an oil/water interface probe, a stadia rod with water finding paste, a coliwasa, or collect a representative sample with a jar attached to a rod. II. Sediment Accumulation in Aqua-Swirl 1. Lower measuring device (e.g. stadia rod) into swirl chamber through service access provided until top of sediment pile is reached 2. Record distance to top of sediment pile from top of standing water: inches 3. For Aqua-Swirl Models AS-3 through AS-13, schedule cleaning if value in Step #2 is 48 to 42 inches or less. 4. For Aqua-Swirl Model AS-2, schedule cleaning if value in Step #2 is 32 to 30 inches or less. Page 13 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

85 III. Filtration Chamber 1. Remove manhole lid(s) to expose filter media bed and access ingress/egress ladder. At a minimum, one manhole lid will be present to access ladder. Larger filtration chamber sizes may have one or more manhole lids to access filter media bed. 2. Enter filtration chamber via ladder or through access riser(s) over filter bed. Note that water may be present at minimal depths in the filtration chamber prior to clean-out during inspection. 3. Remove bulkhead door (gate) at downstream end of filtration chamber and across from ladder (Figure 1). 4. Remove filter grate covers/cargo nets and filters through access risers located along filtration chamber length or through ingress/egress ladder manhole. 5. Visually inspect filter media noting color and saturation or contaminants. 6. If (perlite) media is dark brown or black, the media is fully spent and should be replaced (Figure 2). Figure 1. Removable bulkhead door across from ingress/egress ladder at rear of filtration chamber. Figure 2. Perlite filter media needs replacement. 7. Contact AquaShield TM for replacement filter media containers at (888) , or info@aquashieldinc.com. 8. Schedule cleaning as described below. IV. Diversion Structures (External Bypass Features) Diversion (external bypass) structures should be inspected as follows: 1. Inspect weir or other bypass feature for structural decay or damage. Weirs are more susceptible to damage than off-set piping and should be checked to confirm that they are not crumbling (concrete or brick) or decaying (steel). 2. Inspect diversion structure and bypass piping for signs of structural damage or blockage from debris or sediment accumulation. 3. When feasible, measure elevations on diversion weir or piping to ensure it is consistent with site plan designs. Page 14 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

86 4. Inspect downstream (convergence) structure(s) for sign of blockage or structural failure as noted above. CLEANING Schedule cleaning with local vactor company or AquaShield TM to remove sediment, oil and other floatable pollutants. The spent filter containers and captured material generally does not require special treatment or handling for disposal. Site-specific conditions or the presence of known contaminants may necessitate that appropriate actions be taken to clean and dispose of materials captured and retained by the Aqua-Filter TM system. All cleaning activities should be performed in accordance with property health and safety procedures. AquaShield TM always recommends that all materials removed from the Aqua-Filter TM system (Aqua-Swirl and filtration chamber) during the maintenance process be handled and disposed in accordance with local and state environmental or other regulatory requirements. I. During Construction MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Inspect the Aqua-Filter TM system (Aqua-Swirl and filtration chamber) every three (3) months and clean the system as needed. The Aqua-Filter TM should be inspected and cleaned at the end of construction regardless of whether it has reached its maintenance triggers including any of the following: o o o o depth to sediment is 42 to 48 inches water surface in Aqua-Swirl Models AS-3 through AS-13, depth to sediment is 30 to 32 inches water surface in Aqua-Swirl Model AS-2 Oil is present to the degree that requires cleaning, and/or filter media exhibits black to dark brown color and/or is saturated with contaminants. II. First Year Post-Construction Inspect the Aqua-Filter TM every three (3) months and clean the system as needed. Inspect and clean the system once annually regardless of whether it has reached its sediment or floatable pollutant storage capacity. III. Second and Subsequent Years Post-Construction If the Aqua-Filter TM did not reach full sediment or floatable pollutant capacity in the First Year Post-Construction period, the system can be inspected and cleaned once annually. If the Aqua-Filter TM reached full sediment or floatable pollutant capacity in less than 12 months in the First Year Post-Construction period, the system should be inspected once Page 15 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

87 every six (6) months and cleaned as needed. The Aqua-Filter TM should be cleaned annually regardless of whether it reaches its sediment or floatable pollutant capacity. IV. Bypass Structures Bypass structures should be inspected whenever the Aqua-Filter TM Maintenance should be performed on bypass structures as needed. is inspected. MAINTENANCE COMPANY INFORMATION Company Name: Street Address: City: State/Prov.: Zip/Postal Code: Contact: Title: Office Phone: Cell Phone: ACTIVITY LOG Date of Cleaning: (Next inspection should be 3 months from this data for first year). Time of Cleaning: Start: End: Date of Next Inspection: Floatable debris present in Aqua-Swirl : Yes No Notes: Oil present in Aqua-Swirl : Yes No Oil depth (inches): Measurement method and notes: Filter Media Needs Replacement: Yes No Filter grate / cargo netting needs repair/replacement: Yes No Page 16 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

88 Number of Filter Containers (bags) needing replacement: Type of Filter Media: Perlite Other(s): Other Filtration Chamber Needs and Observations: STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS and OBSERVATIONS Structural damage: Yes No Where: Structural wear: Yes No Where: Odors present: Yes No Describe: Clogging: Yes No Describe: Other Observations: NOTES Additional Comments and/or Actions To Be Taken Time Frame ATTACHMENTS Attach site plan showing Aqua-Filter TM location. Attach detail drawing showing Aqua-Filter TM dimensions and model number. Attach details showing basic design and elevations (where feasible) of diversion configuration. Page 17 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

89 Aqua-Filter TM TABULAR MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Date Construction Started: Date Construction Ended: During Construction Month Activity Inspect and Clean as needed X X X X Inspect Bypass and maintain as needed X X X X Clean System* X* * Aqua-Filter TM should be cleaned once a year regardless of whether it has reached full pollutant storage capacity. In addition, the system should be cleaned at the end of construction regardless of whether it has reach full pollutant storage capacity. First Year Post-Construction Month Activity Inspect and Clean as needed X X X X Inspect Bypass and maintain as needed X X X X Clean System* X* * Aqua-Filter TM should be cleaned once a year regardless of whether it has reached full pollutant storage capacity. Second and Subsequent Years Post-Construction Month Activity Inspect and Clean as needed X* Inspect Bypass, maintain as needed X* Clean System* X* * If the Aqua-Filter TM did not reach full sediment or floatable pollutant capacity in the First Year Post-Construction period, the system can be inspected and cleaned once annually. If the Aqua-Filter TM reached full sediment or floatable pollutant capacity in less than 12 months in the First Year Post-Construction period, the system should be inspected once every six (6) months or more frequently if past history warrants, and cleaned as needed. The Aqua-Filter TM should be cleaned annually regardless of whether it reaches its full sediment or floatable pollutant capacity. Page 18 of 18 AquaShield TM, Inc All rights reserved.

90 2705 Kanasita Drive, Chattanooga, TN Phone (423) Fax (423) LIMITED WARRANTY WARRANTY: AquaShield, Inc., warrants its products against failure due to improper workmanship or defective materials, for a period of twelve (12) months from delivery date; provided, however, that AquaShield, Inc. s, liability shall be limited to the least of the following: (1) the cost to repair such product; (2) the cost to replace the product; or (3) the purchase price of the product. If the product is replaced, such replacement shall be F.O.B. point of manufacture with freight allowed. In no case shall the cost of dismantling or installation be covered. In no event shall AquaShield, Inc., be liable for any other damages, including, but not limited to, consequential or incidental damages or loss of income. AquaShield, Inc., makes no warranty express or implied as to the merchantablity or fitness for any particular purpose of the property sold subject to this Limited Warranty. Except as expressed in this section, AquaShield, Inc., makes no warranties, express or implied. AquaShield, Inc. s liability shall be limited to the warranties expressed herein, and AquaShield, Inc., shall not be liable for any direct or consequential damages, including loss of use, which customers may suffer. This Limited Warranty shall not apply to any products which are abused or misused. Independent Sales Agent is not and cannot represent itself as an employee of AquaShield, Inc., and shall not make any representations or warranties on behalf of AquaShield, Inc. Independent Sales Agent will not assume or create any obligation on behalf of AquaShield, Inc., other than as evidenced by this Limited Warranty. This Limited Warranty shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Tennessee, and any claim or cause of action relating to any of AquaShield s products or installations shall be brought in a state of federal court in Hamilton County, Tennessee, and the parties agree that the exclusive venue for any such action shall be in said courts. W:\Limited Warranty\AquaShield - Limited Warranty 8-12.docx August 6, 2012