Thailand. The Joint Graduate school of energy and environment,

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1 Emission Inventory in Practice : Thailand Sirintornthep Towprayoon The Joint Graduate school of energy and environment, King Mogkut suniverity i of Technology Thonburi Presented at Yokohama on 22 August 2011

2 Latitudes 5 40' and 20 30' N and longitudes 97 20' and E Total area is , sq kms Total population 63 4 Total population 63.4 million in 2008 will be 71 million in 2028

3 UNFCC Kyoto Protocol KP enter in to force Bali Action Plan Copenhagen Accord Country Algas SNC In INC In NSS In DEDE In study In Project In Year 2000 Year 1994 Year 1998 Year 2003 Year 1990 Year Chronology of Thai National GHG Inventory

4 NGHG Inventory in the first period including INC NGHGI in the second period including SNC

5 15 years NGHG Emission using IPCC GL Total GHG 6.8 % Energy 10.6 % Agriculture 0.1 % Ind processes 8.9 % Waste 20.2 %

6 National GHG Inventory in SNC

7 Comparison: INC1994 and SNC 1994, 2000, (Mt CO2 eq) Comparison of GHG emission INC (1994), SNC (1994), SNC (2000) 350 Waste Mt Mt LULUCF Agriculture Industrial processes Energy INC 1994 SNC 2000 SNC 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20% Comparison of GHG emission INC (1994), SNC (1994), SNC (2000) INC 1994 SNC 2000 SNC Waste LULUCF Agriculture Industrial processes Energy

8 Waste, 9.32, 4.1% LULUCF, 7.90, 3.4% Industrial processes, 16.39, 7.2% Emission i in 2000 by 'Energy Sector' '(Mt CO2 eq, %) Agriculture, 51.88, 22.6% Energy, , 69.6% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq 1A1 Energy Industries, 66.44, 41.7% 1B2 Oil and natural gas, 4.56, 2.9% 1B1 Solid fuels, 0.67, 0.4% 1A4c Agriculture/Forestry/ Fishing, 6.67, 4.2% 1A2 Manufacturing industries and construction, 30.78, 19.3% 1A3 Transport, 44.70, 28.0% 1A4b Residential, 5.58, 3.5% Second National Communication 2011

9 Emission in 2000 by 'Industrial Processes' (MtCO2eq, %) Energy, , 69.6% Agriculture, 51.88, 22.6% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq LULUCF, 7.90, 3.4% Waste, 9.32, 4.1% 2A Mineral products, 16.05, 97.9% 2B Chemical industry, 0.34, 2.0% Industrial Processes, 16.39, 7.2% Energy, , 69.6% 2C Metal production, 0.01, 0.0% Emission in 2000 by 'Agriculture' (Mt CO2 eq, %) Industrial processes, 16.39, 7.2% Agriculture 51.88, 22.6% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq LULUCF, 7.90, 3.4% Waste, 9.32, 4.1% 4B Manure management, 5.07, 9.8% 4C Rice cultivation, 29.94, 57.7% 4D Agricultural soils, 7.60, 14.6% 4F Field burning of agricultural residues, 1.01, 1.9% 4A Enteric fermentation, 8.26, 15.9% Emission in 2000 by 'Waste Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %) Emission in 2000 by 'LULUCF' (Mt CO2 eq, %) Industrial processes, 16.39, 7.2% Energy, , 69.6% Agriculture, 51.88, 22.6% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq LULUCF, 7.90, 3.4% Waste, 9.32, 4.1% 6B Waste water handling, 4.43, 47.5% 6A Solid waste disposal on land, 4.86, 52.2% 6C Waste incineration, 0.02, 0.2% Industrial processes, Agriculture, 51.88, 16.39, 7.2% 22.6% Waste, 9.32, 4.1% Energy, , 69.6% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq LULUCF, 7.90, 3.4% 5A Changes in forest & other woody biomass stocks, Mt CO2eq 5B Forest & grassland conversion, Mt CO2eq 5C Abandonment of managed lands, MtCO2eq Second National Communication 2011

10 Share of GHG type by sector GHG emission in 2000 (Mt CO2 eq) by gas type CH4 (Mt)Eq, 58.83, 25.7% N2O (Mt)Eq, 12.39, 5.4% Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = MtEq Industrial processes, 16.06, 10.2% CO2 emission in 2000 (Mt CO2 eq) by sector LULUCF, 8.14, Waste, CO2 Emis/Rem 5.2% 52% 0.02, 0.0% with LULUCF = Mt Net CO2, , 68.9% Energy, , 95.0% Agriculture, 0.00, 0.0% In yr 2000, F gas = 0 Mt CO2 Eq LULUCF CO2 = (emis.) (rem.) = SINK 8.14 Mt CO2 LULUCF, 0.22, 0.4% CH4 emission in 2000 (Mt CO2 eq) by sector CH4 Emission Waste, Energy, 8.69, with LULUCF 8.27, 14.1% 14.8% = 2.80 Mt or = MtCO2eq Agriculture, 41.52, 70.6% 06% Industrial processes, 0.13, 0.2% N2O emission in 2000 (Mt CO2 eq) by sector Waste, 1.02, 83% 8.3% LULUCF, 0.02, 0.2% Energy, 0.79, 63% 6.3% Agriculture, 10.36, 83.6% Industrial processes, 0.20, 1.6% N2O Emission with LULUCF = 0.04 Mt or = MtCO2eq Second National Communication 2011

11 Key Categories Analysis with LULUCF Keysource category of GHG emission in 2000: Total MtCO2 eq (>90%) 5B. CO2 Emission from Forest and Grassland Conversion 1A3. CO2 Mobile Combustion: Road Vehicles 5C. CO2 Emission from Abandonment of Managed Lands 1A1. CO2 Emissions from Stationary Combustion (Gas A): Natural Gas 1A2. CO2 Emissions from Manufacturing Industries and Construction 4C. CH4 Emissions from Rice Production 1A1. CO2 Emissions from Stationary Combustion (Solid D): Lignite 2A. CO2 Emissions from Cement Production 5A. CO2 Emission from Changes in Forest and Other Woody Biomass Stocks 4A. CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock 4D. N2O (Direct and Indirect) Emissions from Agriculutural Soils 1A1. CO2Emissions from Stationary Combustion (Liquid D): Residual Fuel Oil 1A1. CO2 Emissions from Stationary Combustion (Liquid A): Crude Oil 1A4. CO2 Other Sectors: Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing 6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites 1B2. CH4 Fugitive Emissions from Oil and gas Operations 1A4. CO2 Other Sectors: Residential 39.02, 17.0% 15.14, 6.6% 15.02, 6.6% 13.35, 5.8% 8.26, 3.6% 7.60, 3.3% , 32% 3.2% 6.83, 3.0% 6.64, 2.9% 4.86, 2.1% 4.56, 2.0% 4.29, 1.9% 32.75, 14.3% 30.31, 13.2% 29.94, 13.1% 44.23, 19.3% 43.03, 18.8% Net Emission / Removals (Mt CO2 eq, %) Second National Communication

12 Key source category of CH4 emission in 2000 : MtCO2 eq (or 2.80 Mt CH4) (Top 10 category / total contribution = 99.5%) 4C. CH4 Emissions from Rice Production 29.94, 50.9% 4A. CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock 6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites 1B2. CH4 Fugitive Emissions from Oil and gas Operations 8.26, 14.0% 4.86, 8.3% 4.56, 7.7% Rice cultivation Key Categories : CH4 6B. CH4 Emissions from Wastewater Handling 3.41, 5.8% 4B. CH4 Emissions from Manure Management 2.56, 4.4% 1A1. CH4 (Non CO2) Emissions from Stationary Combustion 2.05, 3.5% 1A4. CH4 Other Sectors: Residential 1.11, 1.9% 4F. CH4 Emissions from Agricultural Residue Burning 0.75, 1.3% 1B1. CH4 Fugitive Emissions from Coal Mining and Handling 0.67, 1.1% Net Emission / Removals (Mt CO2 eq, %) Key source category of N2O emission in 2000: MtCO2 eq (or Gg N2O) (Top 10 category / total contribution = 99.8%) 4D. N2O (Direct and Indirect) Emissions from Agriculutural Soils 7.60, 61.3% Key Categories : N2O 4B. N2O Emissions from Manure Management 2.51, 20.2% 6B. N2O Emissions from Wastewater Handling 1.02, 8.3% 4F. N2O Emissions from Agricultural Residue Burning 0.26, 2.1% 1A2. N2O Emissions from Manufacturing Industries and Construction 0.32, 2.6% g Agricultural Soil Second National Communication B. N2O Emissions from Nitric Acid Production 1A4. N2O Other Sectors: Residential 1A1. N2O (Non CO2) Emissions from Stationary Combustion 1A3. N2O Mobile Combustion: Road Vehicles 5B. N2O Emission from Forest and Grassland Conversion 0.20, 1.6% 0.18, 1.4% 0.15, 1.2% 0.11, 0.9% 0.02, 0.2% Net Emission / Removals (Mt CO2 eq, %)

13 Total GHG Emission (Tg CO 2 eq) Tg CO 2 eq National Total Energy Industrial proc. Agriculture LULUCF Waste Towprayoon et al in Thailand Assessment Report on Climate Change 2011

14 2000 Emission from categories in Energy Sector JGSEE s Sectoral inventory report to ONEP

15 Emission from energy sector (Gg) JGSEE s Sectoral inventory report to ONEP 2010

16 Emission from energy sector (Gg) 5.8 % 5.3% 7. 9% GDP 5.6% JGSEE s Sectoral inventory report to ONEP 2010

17 Emission Inventory as indicators Thailand Assessment Report on Climate Change WEO 2009

18 Emission Inventory for mitigationoptionsin options in power generation Baseline emission 259 MtCO Total Emission Reduction JGSEE s mitigation report to TGO

19 Conclusion Inventory of National GHG Emission Thailand has been improved recently. Time series inventory indicated that the declined increasing of emission can be observed during the last decade of inventory. Energy Sector is the major source of emission i and can not yet be departed from country GDP Emission Inventory becomes more acquainted particularly in the major emission sources

20 Acknowledgement Office of Natural Resource and Environmental Planning Thailand Research Fund Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Office Office of Energy Planning and Policy Inventory and Mitigation teams form JGSEE