Farm Energy Audit Report

Transcription

1 Submits this Farm Energy Audit Report To: John & Jane Grower Grower s Farm Old Town Road Anytown, US October 2010

2 October 2010 John & Jane Grower Grower s Poultry Old Town Road Anytown, US Dear John & Jane: I have enjoyed working with you over the past few weeks. As promised, enclosed is your completed Farm Energy Audit in which I have identified several opportunities for you to reduce your energy bills by installing energy-efficient equipment and making other operational changes. Our Lead Energy Engineer, Gary Gawor, has reviewed and signed off on the Energy Audit. Energy savings estimates are based upon information gathered during the site visit and therefore are as accurate as possible. However, changes in equipment operation, such as an increase in operating hours, may affect actual savings. You may be eligible for federal, state and local tax credits, and grants and loans through USDA s Rural Energy for America Program (REAP), if you choose to implement the measures recommended in this report. Be sure to apply for any grants and loans before you make any changes to your farm. Your local USDA Rural Development representative can assist you with the application process for REAP. You may also find the state and federal websites listed on the last page of this report helpful in the application process. On behalf of all of us at EnSave, we want to thank you for the opportunity to help you evaluate your farm s energy consumption. This Energy Audit will help you determine the best way for you to increase your farm s energy efficiency and profitability. Even if you are not able to implement all of the recommendations immediately, this report will serve as a useful guide for future decisions and improvements. I will be calling you within three weeks to discuss the Energy Audit with you, but in the meantime, please feel free to contact us if you have any questions. Sincerely, Gary Gawor, PE, Lead Energy Engineer EnSave, Inc garyg@ensave.com 65 Millet Street, Suite 105 Richmond, Vermont Phone Fax

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY... 1 OVERVIEW... 1 TOTAL PROJECT ECONOMICS... 1 SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS... 1 ENERGY EFFICIENCY EVALUATION... 2 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS... 2 LOW COST ENERGY SAVING TIPS... 2 CURRENT STATUS... 3 CURRENT FARM OPERATION... 3 CURRENT VS. PROPOSED ELECTRIC USE... 3 CURRENT VS. PROPOSED PROPANE USE... 4 RECOMMENDATIONS... 5 LIGHTING EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS... 5 HEATING EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS... 6 VENTILATION EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS... 8 MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT & EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS. 10 ENERGY EFFICIENCY & PRODUCTIVITY BENEFITS ADDING INSULATION INSULATED EXPOSED CONCRETE FROST WALL RENOVATE FROM CURTAIN TO INSULATED SOLID SIDE WALLS INSULATE SIDE WALLS INSULATE BROOD CURTAINS CEILING STIR FANS ELECTRONIC CONTROLS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS RESOURCES ENERGY EFFICIENCY INTERNET RESOURCES EnSave, Inc. i

4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Twelve Month Electricity Usage... 3 Figure 2. Electricity Use Breakdown... 4 Figure 3. Comparison of Current and Proposed Electricity Use... 4 Figure 4. Comparison of Current Fuel Usage to Other Broiler Farms... 5 Figure 5. Comparison of Current and Proposed Propane Use... 7 Figure 6. Comparison of Proposed Fuel Usage to Other Broiler Farms... 8 Figure 7. Ventilation Electricity Use... 9 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Energy for this Multi-House Efficiency Project... 1 Table 2. Simple Payback Calculation... 1 Table 3. Summary of Estimated Annual Energy Efficiency Improvements... 2 Table 4. House Inventory Table... 3 Table 5. Heating Equipment Inventory... 6 Table 6. Estimated Annual Heating Energy... 7 Table 7. Existing Fan Inventory... 8 Note: EnSave s goal is to help our clients save energy and conserve natural resources on America s farms and in food processing facilities. EnSave does not represent any equipment manufacturer or dealer. Any quotes or literature included in this report from a manufacturer are intended as illustrations only. Energy savings presented in this document are estimates and are based upon information gathered during the process of conducting this energy audit. Actual savings may vary from estimated savings due to a variety of factors including changes in energy usage and energy costs. Equipment costs presented in this report are estimates and are based upon available pricing information. Actual costs may vary from estimated costs due to variables such as product availability and geographic location. Numbers presented in this document may not add up precisely due to rounding. Mention of trade and company names used in this report do not imply endorsement nor does omission of names imply criticism. EnSave, Inc. ii

5 SUMMARY OVERVIEW EnSave conducted an agricultural farm energy audit at Grower s Poultry on October 5, This report was developed with AutoAudit TM, a product of EnSave, and provides a plan to increase the facility s energy efficiency. An average electricity cost of $0.075 per kilowatt-hour (kwh) and an average propane cost of $1.67 per gallon were used based on your utility and fuel bills. However, if the actual costs differ from these documented values, the energy cost savings in this report would vary accordingly. TOTAL PROJECT ECONOMICS The recommended measures identified within this report will result in annual energy cost savings. Your first step after deciding to move forward with some or all of these recommendations should be to apply for Section 9007 funding and other incentives. Helpful links to these resources are provided at the end of this report to get you started. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the economics of the entire project if all of the equipment recommended in this report were installed. Table 1. Energy for this Multi-House Efficiency Project MBtu (Increase) MBtu % (Increase) Unit Cost (Increase) Cost Per MBtu Fuel Current Usage MBtu Usage (Increase) Unit Cost Electricity (kwh) 164, (51,730) (177) (31.5%) $0.075 ($3,855) ($21.84) Propane (Gal) 27,356 2, , % $1.666 $15,412 $18.19 Totals 3, % $11,557 $17.23 Table 2. Simple Payback Calculation Total Project Cost Total Cost Simple Payback Years $185,805 $11,557 = 16.1 SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS By taking action on the energy efficiency recommendations detailed in this report, you can save approximately $15,412 per year in propane costs (9,251 gallons). It is estimated that the installation of a tunnel ventilation system and stir fans will increase electrical consumption by 51,730 kwh ($3,855) a year. Solid side walls and stir fans however will result in a net savings due to reduced propane usage. With propane and electric combined, EnSave estimates that your net energy cost savings will amount to $11,557 per year. This represents about 20% of the farm s baseline energy costs of $57,815. Bottom Line: Taking no action would be expensive. EnSave recommends acting on these recommendations to avoid having to pay years of energy costs that are higher than necessary. EnSave, Inc. 1

6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY EVALUATION SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS Table 3 summarizes the cost savings benefits of the recommended energy saving equipment. Although the new ventilation increases energy costs, it is necessary for the curtain to solid side wall conversion. The result is a net savings in energy. Energy saving equipment lowers costs by performing the same or more work with less energy. Table 3. Summary of Estimated Annual Energy Efficiency Improvements Electric (Increase) (kwh) Propane (Gal) Energy (Increase) (MBtu) Installed Cost [a] Energy Cost (Increase) [b] Payback in Years [a/ b] Recommended Measure Ventilation *2 (56,565) (193) $64,800 ($4,215) 0.0 Stir Fans *1 (2,558) 1, $4,500 $3, Insulate Brood Curtain $900 $ Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls 4, $58,629 $7, Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation $13,728 $1, End Wall Insulation 89 8 $2,028 $ Electronic Control Units 7,393 1, $27,804 $2, Insulate Solid Side Wall Framed Area $13,417 $ Totals (51,730) 9, $185,806 $11, *1 The motors on the stir fans will increase electrical consumption on the farm by approximately 2,558 kwh annually. The fans will reduce propane consumption on the farm by approximately 1,937 gallons. *2 Estimate increase due to tunnel ventilation Note: The estimated energy and cost savings are approximate. A portion of the benefits for some of the improvements offset the benefits of others; for example, insulating side walls will actually seal up some of the air leaks and reduce the heat load in the winter. LOW COST ENERGY SAVING TIPS Some energy savings potential involves primarily management and requires either no or minimal investment other than minor planning or labor. Examples include combining trips and eliminating unnecessary energy expenditures by turning off lights and shutting down engines during periods of inactivity. In another example, although replacing older ventilation fans with those of higher efficiency can be cost effective, periodic cleaning of fan blades in dusty environments (e.g., every 3 to 4 weeks) and maintaining belt tension may increase existing fan efficiency by 10% or more before replacement. EnSave, Inc. 2

7 CURRENT STATUS CURRENT FARM OPERATION There are six broiler houses in all. The houses are described in the House Inventory Table. Table 4. House Inventory Table House Number Dimensions Age (yrs) Sidewall Construction Ceiling Construction Tunnel Ventilated (Y/N) ' x 40' 20 Curtain Open No There are about 5 flocks raised each year with approximately 106,800 chickens per flock. Annually, a total of approximately 534,000 birds are raised on this farm. The birds are in the houses for about 63 days. The target growth weight for the birds is 8 pounds when they are shipped to Tyson Foods, the farm s integrator. CURRENT VS. PROPOSED ELECTRIC USE From August 2009 through July 2010, this farm used 164,280 kilowatt-hours (kwh) of electricity. The total cost of electricity was $12,242. The actual monthly electricity usage is depicted in Figure 1. The peak months typically coincide with larger birds combined with hot weather. Figure 1. Twelve Month Electricity Usage kwh / Month 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Aug- 09 Sep- 09 Oct- 09 Nov- 09 Dec- 09 Jan- 10 Feb- 10 Mar- 10 Apr- 10 May- 10 Jun- 10 Jul- 10 EnSave, Inc. 3

8 Figure 2 illustrates the end uses of the electricity used on the farm. Miscellaneous uses include pump motors and small electrical end uses such as repair shop tools and lighting. Lighting 27% Figure 2. Electricity Use Breakdown Miscellaneous 2% Circulation & Sidewall Fans 71% In Figure 3, current electricity use is compared to proposed usage after the installation of all recommended electric energy efficiency equipment. kwh / Year Figure 3. Comparison of Current and Proposed Electricity Use 180, , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Circulation & Ventilation Fans Ceiling Stir Fans Lighting Miscellaneous Current usage Proposed usage CURRENT VS. PROPOSED PROPANE USE From June 2009 through May 2010, this farm used 27,356 gallons of propane, costing a total of $45,573. Given that there are approximately 91,600 BTUs of energy in every gallon of propane, this translates to an annual usage rate of 587 BTUs of energy for every pound of bird produced. EnSave, Inc. 4

9 Figure 4 shows how your propane fuel usage compares with other broiler farms. Figure 4. Comparison of Current Fuel Usage to Other Broiler Farms Btu/Lb 2,500 2,000 2,081 1,500 1, Worst Your Farm Average Excellent RECOMMENDATIONS LIGHTING EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS This farm is using watt compact fluorescent lights (CFL) inside each chicken house. These lights consume approximately 27% of the electricity used on this farm. Compact fluorescent bulbs are currently the most efficient bulbs for poultry applications, so there are no opportunities to increase the efficiency of the lighting equipment. Like incandescent lights, properly sized CFLs will accomplish the task of stimulating the birds to eat and drink. EnSave makes the following recommendations when installing dimmable CFLs to improve system and bird performance: Install CFLs with a high color temperature, e.g. cool white, or a color temperature about 4,100 Kelvin. Lights with a color temperature in this range appear brighter than lights with lower color temperatures. Only use CFL bulbs and keyless sockets with nickel plated brass bulb ends and socket conductors. Use a single bulb type and make throughout the house. Do not mix bulb types or makes. When dimming use a dimmer recommended by the bulb manufacturer. Use only high quality bulbs. The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, (ASABE) publishes a standard with recommended illumination levels in Agricultural Facilities - ASAE EP344.3 Lighting Systems for Agricultural Facilities. This standard specifies the minimum lighting level recommended for different types and ages of poultry. It may be necessary to increase the amount of lighting or length of time that the lights are on when converting from curtain to solid sidewalls because of the loss of natural light. Ensave did not factor in an increase in lighting. EnSave, Inc. 5

10 We recommend that you consult with your electrician and your integrator to ensure that recommended lighting levels are maintained. HEATING EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS The heaters in the houses burn propane supplied by George s Propane company. The heating equipment is described in the Heating Equipment Inventory Table. Table 5. Heating Equipment Inventory House Number Heater Type # of Heaters/House Btu Output Age (yrs) 1-6 Radiant Tube 3 100, Forced Hot Air 1 250, Forced Hot Air 1 250, See the Energy Efficiency and Productivity Benefits section of this report for a description of each of the following recommendations, which have been created based on industry-wide average estimates. Recommendation #H1: Renovate from curtain walls to insulated solid side walls (assume a minimum R-7 insulation value). Recommendation #H2: Install ceiling stir fans. (Note: this will increase annual electricity usage by 2,558 kwh, but will also reduce propane usage and result in a net energy and cost savings). Recommendation #H3: Insulate brood curtains. Recommendation #H4: Install sidewall insulation at the solid frame wall areas. (assume increasing the insulation value R-7). Recommendation #H5: Insulate the exposed concrete knee wall (assume increasing the insulation value by R-7). Recommendation #H6: Insulate the end walls (assume increasing the insulation value by R-7). Recommendation #H7: Install electronic controls. EnSave, Inc. 6

11 Figure 5 and Table 6 provide an analysis of energy savings based on the recommendations made above. Figure 5. Comparison of Current and Proposed Propane Use 30,000 27,356 25,000 20,000 18,105 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Current propane usage (gallons/yr.) Proposed propane usage Table 6. Estimated Annual Heating Energy Electric (Increase) (kwh) Propane (Gal) Energy (Increase) (MBtu) Installed Cost [a] Energy Cost (Increase) [b] Payback in Years [a/ b] Recommended Measure Ventilation *2 (56,565) (193) $64,800 ($4,215) 0.0 Stir Fans *1 (2,558) 1, $4,500 $3, Insulate Brood Curtain $900 $ Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls 4, $58,629 $7, Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation $13,728 $1, End Wall Insulation 89 8 $2,028 $ Electronic Control Units 7,393 1, $27,804 $2, Insulate Solid Side Wall Framed Area $13,417 $ Totals (51,730) 9, $185,806 $11, *1 The motors on the stir fans will increase electrical consumption on the farm by approximately 2,558 kwh annually. The fans will reduce propane consumption on the farm by approximately 1,937 gallons. *2 Estimate increase due to tunnel ventilation. Tunnel Ventilation is required for solid wall construction. Ventilation is factored into the heating recommendations because it is necessary to have tunnel ventilation for a solid sidewall house. The house is not currently tunnel ventilated, so in order to perform the curtain to solid sidewall conversion a tunnel ventilation system must be installed. The result is a net savings due to the reduced propane usage. EnSave, Inc. 7

12 Figure 6 shows how your propane fuel usage compares with other broiler farms after the recommended improvements. More extensive renovations would further reduce propane usage. The recommendations made in this report are limited to those found to be cost effective at current fuel prices. Figure 6. Comparison of Proposed Fuel Usage to Other Broiler Farms Btu/Lb 2,500 2,000 2,081 1,500 1, Worst Average Your Farm Excellent VENTILATION EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS The cost of electricity to operate the current ventilation fans for this farm represents approximately 71% of the total electric usage for the 12-month period analyzed. Table 7 provides an inventory of the existing ventilation fans for each poultry house. Table 7. Existing Fan Inventory House Number Fan Type Fan Size Fans/House Total Age (yrs) 1-6 Circulation (not stir) 48" Sidewall 36" The proposed solid wall construction will eliminate the curtain openings and use of natural ventilation. This, along with the installation of an evaporative cooling system, will necessitate more and/or larger fans and longer fan run times. The calculations in this report assumed installing 12 new 48 tunnel fans in each house. EnSave estimates the new fans will increase electrical consumption in these houses by approximately 56,565 kwh a year. This will be offset by a significant reduction in propane use for heating. EnSave, Inc. 8

13 The following recommendations will lower fan operating costs on your farm: Recommendation #V1: When replacing fans EnSave recommends buying the most energy efficient fans available. The energy savings from an efficient fan will quickly offset any initial savings realized by purchasing a less expensive and less efficient fan. Recommendation #V2: Establish a periodic fan cleaning schedule (every 3 to 4 weeks). Tests performed by the University of Georgia showed that dirty fan housings, shutters, and blades can reduce air flow and efficiency by up to 27%. Recommendation #V3: Inspect and replace worn belts and pulleys. Tests performed by the University of Georgia showed a 10-30% drop in fan output, mainly from worn belts. Recommendation #V4: Stage the tunnel fans so that the newer, more energy efficient 48 fans are the first to turn on if all of the fans are not needed. Recommendation #V5: Add ceiling baffles spaced no greater than 40 feet on center to an open ceiling house when converting to tunnel ventilation. Ceiling baffles increase air velocity in the houses and reduce the total number of fans needed by decreasing the cross-sectional area of the house. Figure 7 provides an analysis of energy usage by the existing circulation and sidewall fans vs. the new ventilation system made above. Figure 7. Ventilation Electricity Use kwh / Year 180, , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, , ,639 Current Circulation & Ventilation Fan Usage Proposed Tunnel Ventilation Usage EnSave, Inc. 9

14 Ventilation Fan Selection Exhaust fan efficiency is rated in two ways: 1) cfm/watt, cubic feet of air moved per Watt of power rating; the higher the cfm/watt, the higher the efficiency; and 2) by airflow ratio - this ratio gives an indication of the fan s ability to continue to push air when there is wind blowing against the fan or there is an increase in the static pressure inside the structure. Fans with higher ratios are better performing fans. Fans with higher air flow ratios are better suited for houses with higher static pressures. Fan Selection Agriculture equipment suppliers generally sell one or two brands of ventilation fans. However, suppliers are usually willing to order fans to your specifications. Use the Simple Payback Calculator sheet (attached) to compare the fans that are available from your local dealers. It is very often cheaper in the long run to buy a more expensive, more efficient fan because for years it will cost less to operate. Inefficient fans electrical operating costs typically far exceed any initial cost savings due to their lower purchase price. In the Resources section of this report is a paper entitled Selecting Tunnel Ventilation Fans. This paper provides definitive evidence that buying less expensive fans is often a poor economic choice. It demonstrates that the payback for energy efficient fans is often short enough that purchasing a more energy efficient, more expensive fan is the best choice. Ensave recommends working with a ventilation specialist to ensure proper ventilation of the poultry houses. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT & EFFICIENCY RECOMMENDATIONS In poultry houses the energy using equipment besides lights, ventilation fans and heaters include a variety of motors. These motors are used for moving feed from silos to the houses and the feed lines, moving drinking water to the chickens and moving water to the evaporation cooling system foggers or cooling pads. These motors operate every day a flock is in a chicken house, yet there are two reasons why it is not justifiable to replace these motors, based on energy savings: First, they do not operate for a sufficient number of hours, annually, to justify replacement. On average a grower will have 5.5 flocks each year, and the chickens will be in the house for about 48 days. If one of these motors runs a total of 6 hours each day, the motor will run 1,584 hours per year. Typically, to justify replacing a motor, based upon energy savings alone, it needs to run a minimum of 2,000 hours annually. Second, most of these motors are small, 3/4 hp or 1 hp and motors of that size do not draw enough energy to justify replacing them. Note: To consistently have the lowest possible energy consumption from motors, when a three phase motor, 1 hp or greater burns out always replace them with the most energy efficient motor available. EnSave recommends replacing motors with units that meet the NEMA Premium standard. For information on NEMA Premium, see EnSave, Inc. 10

15 Miscellaneous Suggestions: Mississippi State University Extension Service has compiled a list of helpful, inexpensive ways poultry growers can reduce their energy costs. Their publication, Reduce Energy Costs in Poultry Houses (attached) is a worthwhile list of techniques every grower can implement fairly quickly. ENERGY EFFICIENCY & PRODUCTIVITY BENEFITS There are a number of poultry house retrofits that have been shown to increase productivity, in addition to saving energy. ADDING INSULATION To minimize heat loss heated structures need an effective thermal boundary. A thermal boundary is defined as an air and insulation barrier. The insulation barrier slows the transmission of heat to unheated spaces. The air barrier restricts the flow of air from the interior heated space to unheated spaces. An effective thermal boundary is continuous and unbroken at the perimeter of the heated conditioned space. An insulator s resistance to heat transmission is measured as R-value. The effectiveness of insulation depends on the choice of material, its density, and installation quality. Effective installations are absent of voids, completely fill a cavity, are installed at the correct densities, and are protected from air movement. INSULATED EXPOSED CONCRETE FROST WALL The exposed, above ground, uninsulated frost walls are a major source of heat loss for these houses. Poured concrete has an R-value of approximately.08 per inch. An 8 thick concrete wall has an R-value of approximately.64. An 8 thick block wall has an insulation value of R Installing one inch of spray polyurethane foam insulation over the frost wall would increase the insulation value to an R-7. A layer of high density 6 lb. foam is typically installed over the 3 lb foam insulation to protect the insulation from pecking. RENOVATE FROM CURTAIN TO INSULATED SOLID SIDE WALLS Renovating an uninsulated, curtain side wall house to an insulated, solid side wall house offers both energy savings and productivity benefits. Studies conducted at Auburn University, in Auburn, Alabama, showed energy savings of up to 40% from reduced heat loss and air leakage during the heating season. Reduced air leakage and smoother side walls will also improve tunnel ventilation uniformity and air velocity, resulting in more efficient bird cooling. Studies conducted by the University of Georgia showed a 3% average weight gain following the installation of insulated solid side walls. Solid side walls allow the grower greater control over the environment inside the house. Implementing this measure may require you to install additional ventilation fans, increase the number or size of your tunnel fan inlet openings, or modify your lighting system. EnSave, Inc. 11

16 INSULATE SIDE WALLS Retrofitting un-insulated poultry houses offers both energy savings and productivity benefits. Studies at Auburn University, in Auburn, Alabama, have been conducted on poultry houses to quantify the energy savings and the productivity benefits. In these studies energy savings of up to 35% have been identified. Insulating side walls allows the grower greater control over the environment inside the house. Unwanted air leaks can be eliminated and provide better cooling of the birds. INSULATE BROOD CURTAINS There are two significant reasons for insulating the brood curtain. The first is that the heat produced by the heating system will be held in the area where it is needed, especially during the first few weeks of the flock. The second reason is to help reduce the moisture on the floor of the brood area. Insulating the brood curtain can be as simple as installing a second layer of plastic sheeting an inch behind the primary sheet. The cushion of air between the two sheets will increase the R-value by approximately 100%. In real numbers it will go from an R-1 to about an R-2, and while these are small numbers, the related energy savings and productivity benefits are significant. CEILING STIR FANS Through the installation of circulation fans to push the hot air down from the ceiling, there can be a 3% productivity gain from the additional weight gained by the birds due to the air temperature fluctuations being significantly less than without the fans. In tests done by the University of Georgia, the temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling was compared. During cold weather it varied as much as 20 Fahrenheit (F). During early spring the temperature difference ranged from 4 to 10 F. In the house with the circulation fans, the warm air was moved down to the floor sufficiently to reduce the run time of the heaters by 20%. In addition to the fuel savings, there will be reduced wear and tear on the heaters themselves. In the University of Georgia study, an additional benefit from the installation of circulation fans was that the relative humidity at the floor level was about 10% lower than without the fans. Lower humidity delivers a benefit of drier litter, thus helping to keep the flock healthier. ELECTRONIC CONTROLS Poultry houses have multiple environmental systems lighting, heating, and ventilation that all interact. The ventilation fans need to be off when the heaters are working. The air inlet boxes need to be open when one or more exhaust fans come on. The water pumps for evaporative cooling pads and the tunnel ventilation fans both need to come on when the inside temperature becomes too hot. These are just a few of the systems and they are operated either by hand or they can be coordinated with electronic controls. Installing controls will not relieve the grower of having to come into the house, yet can be set so that the lights, fans, and cooling systems come on and go off, even if no one is around to turn the dials or flip the switches. Electronic controls will save money over the use of manual controls. With electronic controls set to turn heaters off when the desired temperature is reached then they will not be inadvertently left on longer than needed. Studies have shown a 10% savings in heating fuels when controllers have been installed. Electronic controls will help generate a productivity increase. When all of the various temperature, humidity, and lighting settings have been entered into a control system then all of the daily human decision making and manual changes are eliminated and the systems will turn EnSave, Inc. 12

17 on and off automatically and the birds will have a more stable, controlled environment in which to grow. It has been estimated that following the installation of electronic controls a 2% increase in production, measured by an increase in weight gained over the same time period, will occur. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SOIL Ventilation: Not Applicable Stir Fans: Not Applicable Insulated Brood Curtain: Not applicable Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls: Not Applicable Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Side and End Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Electronic Control Units: Not Applicable Lighting: The farm uses compact fluorescent lights. Fluorescent lights are regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. These lights cannot be disposed with trash, it is against the law. Please contact your local waste district for information on how to properly dispose of fluorescent lamps. Additional information is provided in the resource section of this report. WATER Ventilation: Not Applicable Stir Fans: Not Applicable Insulated Brood Curtain: Not applicable Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls: Not Applicable Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Side and End Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Electronic Control Units: Not Applicable Lighting: The farm uses compact fluorescent lights. Fluorescent lights are regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. These lights cannot be disposed with trash, it is against the law. Please contact your local waste district for information on how to properly dispose of fluorescent lamps. Additional information is provided in the resource section of this report. ANIMAL (This resource refers to endangered species) Ventilation: Not Applicable Stir Fans: Not Applicable Insulated Brood Curtain: Not applicable Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls: Not Applicable Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Side and End Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Electronic Control Units: Not Applicable Lighting: Not applicable EnSave, Inc. 13

18 PLANT Ventilation: Not Applicable Stir Fans: Not Applicable Insulated Brood Curtain: Not applicable Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls: Not Applicable Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Side and End Wall Insulation: Not Applicable Electronic Control Units: Not Applicable Lighting: Not applicable AIR Ventilation: See summary of all measures below Stir Fans: See summary of all measures below Insulated Brood Curtain: See summary of all measures below Curtain to Solid Insulated Sidewalls: See summary of all measures below Exposed Foundation Wall Insulation: See summary of all measures below Side and End Wall Insulation: See summary of all measures below Electronic Control Units: See summary of all measures below Lighting: See summary of all measures below. Summary of All measures: If implemented, the energy saving recommendations made in this report will reduce Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) emissions by approximately 0.02 tons and CO 2 emissions by approximately 26 tons, although Sulfur Oxides (SO x ) will increase by 0.08 tons because of the increase in electrical usage. SO x and NO x are ambient air contaminants; CO 2 is a green house gas. EnSave, Inc. 14

19 RESOURCES ENERGY EFFICIENCY The following resources describe the equipment and productivity benefits. They include explanations of how each piece of equipment saves energy and how each process improvement helps increase production. 1. Big Birds, Hot Weather and Maximum Comfort, Performance and Profit, published by Auburn University 2. Selecting Tunnel Ventilation Fans, published by Penn State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension 3. Reduce Energy Costs In Poultry Houses, published by Mississippi State University 4. Best Environmental Management Practices Farm Animal Production, published by the Rural Electricity Resource Council (RERC, formerly the National Food and Energy Council - NFEC) 5. Best Practices Guide Energy for Poultry, published by EnSave 6. Farm Safely With Electricity, published by the RERC 7. Agricultural Ventilation Fans: Selection and Maintenance, published by the RERC 8. Poultry Housing Tips, The best way to cut heat costs is not to change your heating system, Volume 17, Number 13, December 2005, published by the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. 9. Selected pages from the Energy Efficient Ventilation Fan Ranking Guide, published by EnSave, Inc. 10. Paddle and Recirculating Fans A Progress Report, The Alabama Poultry Engineering and Economics Newsletter, No. 13, September 2001, Published by Auburn University EnSave, Inc. 15

20 INTERNET RESOURCES 1. USDA Section 9007 Information 2. Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE) 3. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4. Arkansas Energy Office 5. US Department of Energy, Wind and Hydro Technologies Program 6. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign s Bioenvironmental and Structural Systems Laboratory 7. Lamp Recycling 8. Auburn University, Poultry Ventilation and Housing 9. University of Georgia, Poultry House Environmental Control EnSave, Inc. 16