Pretreatment System for Reverse Osmosis. Adam Avey, David Criswell, & Kelsey Criswell

Transcription

1 Pretreatment System for Reverse Osmosis Adam Avey, David Criswell, & Kelsey Criswell

2 Mission Statement AquaTech Engineering Solutions mission is to use its technical expertise and resources to provide customers with more affordable, longer lasting products.

3 Client: Pumps of Oklahoma Wholesale Supplier of Pumps Water Well, Environmental, Solar, Petroleum 18 employees Located in Oklahoma City

4 Reverse Osmosis System

5 Reverse Osmosis Thewaterq.com

6 Problem Statement To design and fabricate a flow-through iron removal pretreatment module for a household reverse osmosis (RO) system.

7 Iron Fouls Membranes EPA Standard:.3 pmm Requires extra maintenance and cost

8 Scope of Work Precedes a household RO unit Refrain from using: Air pump Power source

9 Standards NSF drinking water standards EPA drinking water standards

10 Target Group Rural Homeowners Small Businesses

11 Customer Requirements Treat a continuously flowing stream. Avoid additional mechanical hardware (such as a compressor). The device should be able to remove whatever substances (such as air) that have been added to the water stream.

12 Market Analysis Agriculture Business Teammate: Sergio Ruiz Esparza Herrera Strategy: Design standard prototype Sell RO system to construction firms According to the Reverse Osmosis industry is expected to have a compound annual growth rate of 7.3% over the next 5 years.

13 Competitors Advanced Water Solutions Culligan Under counter drinking water systems Haynes Equipment Company Industrial RO systems

14 Competitors Product Technique Price Range Website Terminox ISM Chlorine injector and mixing tank $550 - $975 Pyrolox Granular water filtration media $670 -$ Greensand Glauconite greensand filtration media $625 - $885 Birm Filtration media $435 - $710 Eagle Redox Alloy Iron Oxidization Catalyst $25

15 Technical Analysis Wastewater Treatment Systems Household Treatment Systems Patents Chemical Analysis

16 Wastewater Treatment Systems 1. Diffusion-Air Systems 2. Mechanical Aeration

17 Cascading Aerator Economical Low Tech

18 Cascading Aerator H = R ab( T) (English Units) where R = deficit ratio = C s C O C s C C S = DO saturation concentration, mg/l C O = DO concentration of influent, mg/l C = required DO level, mg/l a = water-quality parameter b = weir geometry parameter for a weir T = water temperature, o C H = height through which water falls, ft

19 Household Treatment Systems Aeration via air pump Water softeners

20 Patents

21 Patents

22 Patents

23 Chemical Analysis Fe(II) + ¼ O 2 + 2OH - + ½ H 2 O (Stumm, 1961) Fe(OH) (s) From Pumps of Oklahoma, 3.2 ppm Iron Assumption: 3.2 ppm Fe(II) 3.2mg/L Fe * mol/55.85g Fe * 1g/1000mg * ¼ mol O 2 /1 mol Fe * 32g O 2 /1 mol O 2 = g/l O 2 = mg/l O 2 needed to oxidize 3.2 mg/l Fe(II)

24 Chemical Analysis Chemical Analysis for 5 ppm Fe(II) Fe(II) + ¼ O 2 + 2OH - + ½ H 2 O Fe(OH) (s) (Stumm, 1961) Concentrations needed to oxidize 5 ppm Fe(II): For O 2 : ppm For H 2 O: 0.8 ppm For Air: 3.41 ppm Note: Air is about 21% O 2

25 Design Flow Rates Chemical Analysis Known: 8 gpm water through eductor Q air = 8gpm H 2 O 3.758L gal 0.8mg H 2O L 1 mol 18 gh 2 O 0.25mol O 2 0.5mol H 2 O 32gO 2 molo g air 6.704g O 2 = 7.2 gpm air needed 1L 3.41mg air 1 gal 3.785L

26 Lab Preparation Standard curve for ferrous iron Reagents List:

27 Lab Preparation Fe Phen [Fe(Phen) 3 ] 2+ (Muller, 2010) Used Mass Spectrophotometry to test Hanna Checker readings of Fe(II) Absorption vs. Concentration is linear (Beer s Law)

28 Standard (ppm) Lab Preparation Concentration vs. Absorption y = x R² = Absorption

29 Lab Preparation Ferrous Iron standards starting from 0.1 ppm on left to 5 ppm on far right

30 Testing Local Well Hanna Instruments HI 721

31 Testing Local Well 2 Tests Conducted Total Iron Ferrous Iron

32 Testing Local Well Ferrous Iron Content Field Test Procedure Fill 10 ml cuvette with well sample to zero Checker 1.0 ml of (1,10) Phenanthroline solution 0.8 ml of sodium acetate solution Fill to volume (10 ml) with raw well water Place in Checker and read concentration in ppm

33 Testing Local Well Total Iron Content Field Test Procedure Fill 10 ml cuvette with well sample to zero Checker Add one packet of HI Iron HR Reagent Gently swirl until dissolved Place in Checker and read concentration in ppm

34 Testing Local Well Results from Well Test Sample Ferrous Iron (ppm) Total Iron (ppm) Mean

35 Design Analysis Minimize: Power Requirement Space Requirement Maintenance

36 Eductor

37 Design Concept

38 Air Relief Valve

39 Design Concept

40 Design Concept 1 Aeration via misting nozzles

41 Calculations Continuity: Q = V 1 A 1 = V 2 A 2 Bernoulli s Equation: p 1 + V 1 + z γ 2g 1 = p 2 Head Loss Equation: 2 + V 2 2 γ h L = h L major + h Lminor = f l D 2g + z 1 + h L V 2 V 2 2g + K L 2g

42 Calculations Venturi Equation: Q = C v A T 2(p 1 p 2 ) ρ(1 β 4 ) p = 8.5 psi

43 Calculations Reaction Vessel Sizing 30 second residence time, +- depending on ph, etc. (8 gal/min)(.5min ) = (4gal) D = 6.065in A = 28.89in 2 4gal = 924in 3 H = 32in

44 Velocity (ft/s) Pressure (psi) Head Loss (ft) Total Head Loss = 8.4 ft

45 For p = 47.4 psi = 4.13 Bar, Nozzle is rated to 19.0 gpm

46 Design Concept 2 Aeration via porous media allabout-aquariumfish.com

47 2 3 4 Velocity (ft/s) Pressure (psi) Head Loss (ft)

48 Pump Curve

49 Proposed Budget Aeration via Misting Nozzles Part Price Eductor $ Piping & Fittings $20.00 Air Release Valve $ Nozzles $15.00 Total: $295.00

50 Proposed Budget Aeration via Porous Media Part Price Eductor $ Piping & Fittings $20.00 Air Release Valve $ Filter Media $ Total: $380.00

51 Next Step Order Components Assembly Testing

52 Schedule

53 Gantt Chart

54 References APHA, AWWA, WPCF Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 15 th ed. American Public Health Association. Metcalf & Eddy Incorporated. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. 4 th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill Laura Muller Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron in a Vitamin Tablet, General Chemistry Lab, Wheaton College. Available at: lab04.html. Accessed: Nov. 27, Munson, Bruce R., Donald F. Young, and Theodore H. Okiishi Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. 5 th ed. Massachusetts. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Truman State University CHEM 222 Lab Manual Available at: f.accessed: Nov. 27, 2012.

55 Appreciation Dr. Paul Weckler, Biosystems & Ag. Eng. Micah Goodspeed, Pumps of Oklahoma Dr. Greg Wilber, Civil & Environmental Eng. Dr. Chad Penn, Plant & Soil Sciences Stuart Wilson, Plant & Soil Sciences John Rodgers, Water Well Owner Sergio Ruiz Esparza Herrera, Ag. Business Teammate

56 Questions or Comments?