Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the Seine river and basin: Observations and budgets
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1 8 juilllet 29, Séminaire de lancement de l UMT GES-N 2 O Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the Seine river and basin: Observations and budgets Josette Garnier, Gilles Billen, Guillaume Vilain, Anun Martinez, Marie Silvestre, Emmanuelle Mounier, Florent Toche AGEE, 29
2 Objectives & approaches to quantify the indirect emission from N 2 O in the drainage network from the river miror from the WWTPs from the riparian zones to establish a spatialized budget of nitrogen and N2O in the Seine basin use of a GIS-Software simplifying the visualisation and calculation the budgets gathering data from literature to establish a typology of N 2 O emission from land use types (industrial cropping, forest, grassland) of
3 Investigations on the field: sampling sites 8 stations in July 26 and January & July 27 Upst. Oise Water analysis N 2 O, NO 3,NO 2, NH 4 N 15, O 18 Si, P SS, POC DNA (bact. populations) Sediment analyses Basse Seine Eure Denit potential, POC, granulo DNA (bact. populations) Axe Oise Gd Morin Axe Marne Yonne & Vesle Upst. Seine Blaise
4 Characterisation of the Seine basin in function of orders Pop. Dens, inhab. km Population density the highest dowstream Arable Land, % order river Percentage of arable land of about 5% at all orders Grass Land, % order river Percentage of grass land the highest at the order order river
5 Field: Variations of N 2 O concentrations in river waters in function of land use Winter Summer All data 2 N-NO3, µgn/l % arable lands Nitrate concentrations Higher in rivers draining higher proportion of agricultural bassin Higher in winter than in summer N-N2O, µgn/l Winter Summer All data % arable lands N 2 O concentrations an increase with the percentage of arable land
6 Distribution in function of stream order N-N2O, µgn l Winter Summer Concentrations highest upstream (leaching, production), decrease (outgasing), increase downstream (production) N-NO3, mgn l Concentrations highest upstream due to leaching N-NH4, mgn l Values increase dowstream with population and domestic pollution river orders
7 N 2 O Emision from the drainage netwotk order Surface water area Summer flux Winter flux km² mgn.m - ². d -1 mgn.m - ².d Summer: 512 kgn-n 2 O.day -1 Winter: 258 kgn-n 2 O.day -1 38% 3% 16% 16% 16% 19% 8% 57% order 1 order 2 orders 3, 4, 5 orders 6, 7, 8
8 N 2 O Emision from land Literature synthesis mean median maximum gn-n 2 O ha -1 d -1 Forest Grassland CropLand Ph-D Guillaume Vilain Experiments Calculation from emission coefficients km² mgn-n 2 O.m - ². d -1 kgn-n 2 O. d kgn-n 2 O. yr -1 Forest Grassland Cropland Total N-N 2 O emission in the Seine 1391
9 N 2 O Emission : literature synthesis (cf. Table 2, Garnier et al.)
10 Budget: transfers and retention & elimination of nitrogen atm deposit fertilizers N2 fix net food & feed export 424 in kgn km -2 yr (dry hydrological conditions) 21 (wet hydrological conditions) 56 gaseous emissions? - 14 Catchment soil leaching storage in unsat. zone & aquifers Soils 1-15 kgn-n 2 O km -2 yr Aquifers 151 manure riparian denitrification Urban input diversion to dam kgn-n 2 O km -2 yr -1???? denit withdrawal reservoir benthic denitrification denit river export in-stream benthic denitrification % elimination of diffuse inputs 12% - 4% elimination by in-stream processes kgn-n 2 O km -2 yr kgn-n 2 O km -2 yr -1 burial
11 Budget: N 2 O emission summary, continuing work N 2 O emission Seine drainage network Seine agricultural Basin WWTPs Ph-D: Tallec, 25 Tallec et al. 28; 26 Riparian zones??? kg N day kgn yr kgn km -2 yr Bassin : A large dominance of emissions from the agriculture, by a factor of 5-75 Drainage network: evidence for the importance of orders 1 Riparian zones : more studies needed!!!
12 References Billen, G., Garnier, J., Némery, J., M. Sebilo, A. Sferratore S. Barles, P. Benoit & M. Benoit (27). Nutrient transfers through the Seine river continuum: mechanisms and long term trends. The Science of the Total Environment, 375 : 8 97 Cébron A., Garnier J., Billen G. (25). Nitrous oxide production and nitrification kinetics by bacteria communities naturally present in river water (the lower Seine, France). Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 41: Garnier J., Cébron A., Tallec G., Billen G., Sebilo M, Martinez A. (26). Nitrogen behaviour and nitrous oxide emission in the tidal Seine River estuary (France) as influenced by human activities in the upstream watershed. Biogeochemistry, 77: Garnier, J., G. Billen, A. Cébron (27). Modelling nitrogen transformations in the lower Seine river and estuary (France): impact of wastewater release on oxygenation and N2O emission. Hydrobiologia, 588: Laverman, A.M., Van Cappellen, P., van Rotterdam-Los, D., Pallud, C., Abell, J. (26) Potential rates and pathways of microbial nitrate reduction in coastal sediments. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 58(2), Mounier E. Laverman A., Garnier J, Roose-Amsaleg C. (28, soumis). Kinetics of denitrification and nitrous oxide production in river sediments (the Seine, France). Aquatic Sci. Sebilo, M., Billen, G., Grably, M., Mariotti, A. (23). Isotopic composition of nitrate-nitrogen as a marker of riparian and benthic denitrification at the scale of the whole Seine River system. Biogeochemistry, 63: Sebilo, M., Billen, G., Mayer, B., Mariotti A. (27). The role of the organic matter pool of agricultural soils in nitrate pollution : A multi-isotopic approach. EGU meeting. 15th-2th 27. Tallec G., Rousselot O., Garnier J. & Gousailles M. (27). Emissions d oxyde nitreux lors du traitement de l azote des eaux usées de l agglomération parisienne: état actuel et prévisions. Sciences Eau. Revue des Sciences de l'eau, 2 : Tallec G., Garnier J., Billen G., Gousailles M. (26). Nitrous oxide emissions from secondary activated sludge in nitrifying conditions of urban wastewater treatment plants: effect of oxygenation level. Water Research, 4: Tallec G., Garnier J., Billen G., Gousailles M. (28). Nitrous oxide emissions from denitrifying activated sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants, under anoxia and low oxygenation. Bioresource Technology, 99:, Thouvenot, M., Billen G., Garnier J. (27). Modelling nutrient exchange at the sediment water interface of River Systems. Journal Hydrol. 341, Thouvenot- Korppoo M, Billen G, Garnier J (28, submitted). Modelling benthic denitrification processes over a whole drainage network. J. Hydrol.
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