Improving the water budget in the urban surface scheme TEB for a better evaluation of greening strategies for adaptation purposes
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1 Improving the water budget in the urban surface scheme TEB for a better evaluation of greening strategies for adaptation purposes K. Chancibault, J-M Brun, A. Allard, H. Andrieu LUNAM-IFSTTAR/GERS/LEE, Nantes A. Lemonsu, C. De Munck, V. Masson Météo-France/CNRM-GAME, Toulouse
2 CONTEXT Urbanisation growing Microclimate impacts (UHI) Hydrological impacts (floods, groundwater recharge) Global climate change Potential urbanisation effects increasing? Adaptation strategies with vegetation => evapotranspiration process in both water and energy budgets Need for numerical tools coupling both detailed water and energy budgets VegDUD Project (funded French Research Agency) 2
3 OUTLINE 1. Urban surface scheme TEB and its evolutions 2. TEB-Hydro : a new water budget 3. Sensitivity study and evaluation : small urban catchment (Northwestern France) 4. Greening strategies evaluation : large domain in Nantes City (Northwestern France) 3
4 Urban surface scheme TEB TEB - mesh gridded model, urban canyon concept (Masson, 2000) Introduction of vegetation into the canyon, green roofs (Lemonsu et al, 2012;De Munck et al, 2014) Greenroof drainage Evapotranspiration Roof surface runoff Road surface runoff Infiltration ICUC July 2015, Toulouse, France Deep drainage 4
5 A new water budget : TEB-Hydro Introduction of soil and vertical water transfers (SVAT ISBA Boone, 2000) w Groundwater drainage g if w g > w th, I sew = K s I p D sew, else I w sew =0 sat No explicit water transfer from each mesh to the outlet Infiltration Total discharge Groundwater drainage ICUC July 2015, Toulouse, France 5
6 Sensitivity study and evaluation on a small French urban catchment (Rezé) Rezé catchment (4,7 ha) 1D simulations, off-line, Parameters: Maximal road surface interception capacity S road (mm) Maximal roof surface interception capacity S roof (mm) Maximal road infiltration rate I road (m/s) Parameter for groundwater drainage I p (-) Nantes Paris Toulouse Effective impervious surface fraction F conn Parameters Ref value Min value Max value S road 1.0 mm 0.5 mm 3.0 mm S roof 1.5 mm 0.5 mm 3.0 mm I road 10-5 mm.s mm.s mm.s -1 I p F conn
7 Sensitivity study and evaluation on a small French urban catchment (Rezé) Year NSE Bias -2.3% 6.55% 14.8% -14.3% -25% -2.4% 7
8 Evaluation of greening scenarios Test case : 6.4km x 7.2km Paris Nantes 7.2 km 6.4 km Toulouse ICUC July 2015, Toulouse, France 8
9 Evaluation of greening scenarios Base case (REF) 05/01/ /01/2012 Off-line 1h forcing and output time step 5 model time step Δ x = 200m 08/01/ /01/2012 Vegetation ratio : 44% Decreasing vegetation ratio (GARDEN20) Vegetation ratio = 20% => impervious surfaces Introduction of green roofs (+7% veg ratio) Public, industrial and apartments buildings 9
10 Evaluation of greening scenarios Evaluation of the base case Discharge Gohards catchment (450 ha) NSE=0.6 Bias=33% Bad simulation of groundwater drainage 10
11 Evaluation of greening scenarios Scenarios simulated discharges comparison Discharge Gohards catchment ΔVol (%) GARDEN20=23% GREENROOF=-6.5% 11
12 Evaluation of greening scenarios Spatial distribution of surface runoff variations (%) GARDEN20-REF 12
13 Evaluation of greening scenarios UTCI : outdoors, sunlight conditions 06/25/ :00UTC REF GD20 13
14 CONCLUSIONS Water budget has been improved in the Town Energy Budget model (TEB => TEB-Hydro) Introduction of soil Groundwater drainage by sewer systems is taken into account TEB-Hydro has been evaluated over two catchments Effective impervious surfaces rate is the major parameter Comparison to observed data show satisfying results Groundwater drainage underestimated Evaluation of greening scenarios for both water and energy budgets is now possible 14
15 FUTURE WORK Improving the representation of saturated zone level to better simulate the groundwater drainage by the drainage system Water transfer between meshes to outlets has been developped (under evaluation) (A. Allard PhD) New adaptation strategies : street trees (Redon et al. ICUC9), swales Application to other cities (different climates, sewer systems) More realistic greening scenarios : urban water management (city and annual scales) Climate change 15
16 Thank you for your attention I 16
17 Sensitivite simulations Sensitivite simulations Sensitivity study on a small French urban catchment (Rezé) Maximal interception capacity : Roads and roofs surfaces Initial losses Roof surface runoff (mm/s) Road surface runoff (mm/s) 17
18 Sensitivite simulations Sensitivite simulations Sensitivity study on a small French urban catchment (Rezé) Maximal infiltration rate through roads Initial losses Sewer runoff (mm/s) Groundwater under roads (m 3 /m 3 ) 18
19 Sewer runoff from groundwater drainage (mm/s) Sensitivity study on a small French urban catchment (Rezé) Groundwater drainage parameter (Ip) Time step 19
20 Evaluation of greening scenarios Scenarios simulated discharges comparison Discharge Gohards catchment Variation vol eau 20
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