Guideline for Waste Treatment/Recycling by Commodity

Transcription

1 Guideline for Waste Treatment/Recycling by Commodity Dec. 17, 2001 Waste Recycling Subcommittee Industrial Structure Council

2 1. Paper 1. Promotion of used paper recycling (1) Purpose: "Recycle 60 purpose" To promote used paper recycling systematically as a special item to be recycled stipulated in Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources based on the "Action Plan for Promoting Used Paper Recycling" (established in Dec. 2000), and to achieve 60% of the used paper recycling rate in the paper/pulp manufacture industry by (57.3% in 2000.) (2) Promotion of used paper recycling The used paper recycling rate shall be increased in each paper product field, in particular, in the printing and information paper field where the quantity of used paper recycled was conventionally small. (The paper production in this field is 37%, and used paper recycling rate is 22%.) To do so, each company shall introduce the used paper recycling facility positively. (3) Promotion of using recycled paper i) By the activities by Used Paper Recycling Promotion Center, the awareness of importance of purchasing products using recycled paper (e.g. hygiene paper such as toilet paper, notebooks, recycled copy paper, etc.) shall be spread and enlightened among the nation. Also, indication of use of recycled paper and recycled paper using rate on products shall be promoted by each maker. At the same time, in 2001 Used Paper Recycling Promotion Center shall conduct detailed discussions about Green Mark System including how to promote recycling after seedling-distribution project, taking into ii) account the opinions of people concerned. Based on Green Purchase Law and proposals by Energy/Resources Saving Measures Promotion Meeting, central governmental agencies shall increase the use of recycled paper. Also in accordance with "Action Plan for Promoting Used Paper Recycling", the use of recycled paper by paper-using companies shall be promoted. (4) Expanding the used paper application field Based on the report prepared by "Used Paper Recycling Promotion Investigative Commission" (Dec. 2000), technology development and provision of facilities for widening the used paper application field shall be promoted from the viewpoint of promotion of recycling lowclass used paper. 2. Promotion of used paper collection (1) Promotion of used paper collection at offices Collection of increasing used papers discharged from offices shall be promoted. 1

3 i) Manual for Collecting Used Paper at Offices shall be delivered to private companies for popularization and enlightening effects of the collection of used paper (by holding seminars, etc.) ii) Establishment of a recycling system in which a group of a plural number of companies collect and recycle used paper effectively and jointly by using existing private recycle system shall be promoted. (2) Promotion of used paper collection at home by group collection, etc. i) Collection of used paper at home shall also be promoted. ii) The group collection suggested by Used Paper Recycling Promotion Center shall be popularized among the nation for enlightening effect (by holding seminars, etc.) 3. Promotion of paper container and package recycling (1) Paper containers for drinks (paper cartons) i) Based on the report (May 2000) prepared by "Study Meeting for Promotion of Recycling Paper Containers for Drinks", collection of paper containers for drinks shall be promoted and at the same time technologies for manufacturing easily recyclable products shall be promoted. At the same time, National Milk Carton Environmental Council shall prepare an action program for collecting milk cartons to improve the recycling ratio during (25.1% in 1998) ii) To promote recycling of paper containers for drinks, model projects for separated collection and recycling shall be inaugurated, based on which a guide for separated collection shall be prepared and delivered to local governments. (2) Other paper containers and packages i) According to Containers and Packages Recycling Law, paper containers for drinks and packages other than cardboard boxes have been recommercialized since To widen the scope of application except for as material for reproducing paper, technologies to find new usage shall be developed, related facilities built and the market to cover such new usage created. ii) A survey on the local governments dealing with collection of paper containers and packages and the companies recommercializing them shall be conducted. Based on the result of the survey as well as the achievement of the model separated collection projects, useful information shall be shared by all organizations concerned toward improvement of separated collection of paper containers 2

4 and packages and promotion of building recycling facilities. iii) By using the "Paper Container and Package Recycling Promotion Council", recycling of paper boxes, etc. shall be promoted. (3) Indication i) Given that paper containers and packages are a material designated by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the indication of the identification mark on them shall be ensured. ii) Indication of the identification mark on paper packages, cardboard boxes, etc. shall be promoted as a voluntary activity, and if necessary, it shall be enshrined into law, depending on the progress in the future. 3

5 2. Glass bottles 1. Promotion of recycling (1) Improvement of glass bottle cullet using rate i) Target As a special recycling category specified in Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, improvement of glass bottle cullet using rate shall be promoted systematically and the target rate of 65% shall be achieved in 2001 and 80% in (77.8% in 2000) ii) Introduction and popularization of foreign matter removing devices shall be promoted. iii) Technological development for glass bottles conducive to recycling shall be promoted. iv) Use of ecology bottles using cullet 100% shall be promoted. (2) Development and promotion of new application fields of cullet i) New application fields of cullet such as tiles, artificial lightweight aggregate, paving aggregate, etc. other than glass bottles shall be developed, the market to cover such new application fields created and cullet supply capability improved. ii) Studies shall be made on how to increase the demand in the public sector. (3) Cullet quality improvement i) Local governments shall be requested to improve the separated collection of glass bottles (cullet). ii) Consumers shall be requested for cooperation to improve separated collection of glass bottles (cullet). 2. Promotion of reducing and reusing i) Development and spreading lightweight bottles shall be promoted. ii) To promote returnable bottles, a unified standard shall be worked out and recycling target for reusing (returnable) set up. 4

6 3. Steel cans I. Promotion of recycling and reducing 1. Target value Target: 85% or more of recycling rate of steel cans (84.2% in 2000) To set up a proper recycling rate, a national standard for proper recycling rate calculation method shall be worked out by taking various statistics into account. 2. Promotion of reducing and recycling measures From the viewpoint of rational and effective usage of resources, total recycling shall be promoted and products shall be thinner-walled and lighterweighted. 3. Various application fields of steel-making material A wide range of application fields of steel cans shall be studied by utilizing the characteristics of steel cans: namely they can be used as a material for steel products at about 80 blast furnace makers, electric furnace makers, cast metal makers scattering nationwide. 4. Promotion of recycling measures in alignment with Containers and Packages Recycling Law In accordance with Containers and Packages Recycling Law, Steel Can Recycling Association shall proceed with the following measures in order to ensure the smooth transaction and recycling of steel containers satisfying the standard for separated collection and storage facility. (1) To continuously grasp the fact to prove the situation in which steel containers are traded commercially and autonomously (2) To continue consultation and enlightening activity supporting projects voluntarily in order to promote separated collection by local governments so that this system can function effectively Contents of enlightening activities Support of recycling fair and provision of posters, panels, pamphlets, etc. Provision of objects to exhibit in recycle centers Provision of videos and CD-ROMs. (3) If there is a report mentioning the possibility of the so-called inverse onerous trading, the industry shall take proper actions in each stage. 1st stage: Investigating the grounds for such possibility and advising local governments to improve such situation 2nd stage: Providing local governments with information related to 5

7 companies or steel makers which accept steel cans free of charge or at expense 3rd stage: If above-mentioned measures in each stage end up in failure and local governments express their intention to improve the situation of inverse onerous trading, acceptance free of charge by container material makers or their outsourcing processing companies shall be studied. Such measures shall be taken in cooperation with organizations related to steel containers and packages in general. II. Future activities To establish a "Three-in-One social system" or "a system for separated discharge by consumers, separated collection by local governments and recycling by steel makers", which has been promoted by Steel Can Recycling Association in alignment with Containers and Packages Recycling Law, recycling activities shall be improved with the three pillars of recycling measures, beautification measures and enlightening measures. 1. Recycling measures (1) To continue consultation and enlightening activities for separated collection by local governments (2) To promote industrial recycling To study on an industrial resource system at workshops to be held jointly with local governments (3) To support recycling symposium To be held twice a year (4) To revise the recycling manual To set up the method and measures for promoting selective collection (5) To continue consultation by the steel can recycle consultation bureau 2. Beautification measures Taking the result of "Survey on the measures to prevent cans from scattering in the city" into consideration, the following actions shall be taken. (1) To hold environmental education symposiums To nurture beautification leaders (2) Activities to support beautification volunteer groups (3) To execute enlightening activities such as joint beautification campaign To execute campaigns to prevent trash throwing in tourist areas nationwide 3. Popularization and enlightening measures 6

8 (1) Popularization and enlightenment of recycling among consumers, companies and governmental agencies Utilization of newspaper, magazines, etc. Distribution of videos and CD-ROMs related to environmental education Execution of inspection tour of recycling resource Cooperation in recycle fair, etc. held by local governments and provision of materials such as pamphlets, etc. (2) Continuation of activities to raise the awareness of the mass media (3) Preparation of annual report Provision of information on the association's activities and current situation of steel can recycling 7

9 4. Aluminum cans, etc. 1. Promotion of recycling (1) Purpose To raise the recycling rate of aluminum cans to 80% in 2002 (80.6% in 2000) To set up a proper recycling rate, a national standard for proper recycling rate calculation method shall be worked out by taking various statistics into account. The new target rate for 2002 and after shall be set up by the mid (2) Reducing and recycling measures For efficient recycling, it is necessary to collect a large quantity of aluminum cans without other wastes mixed, thus more collection routes shall be developed. i) Maintenance and development of collection routes a. Cooperation with local governments in promotion of separated collection b. To supplement local governments' separate collection, group collection and school collection shall be supported and the number of collection bases increased. c. Cooperation in industrial collection d. Execution and verification of model projects e. Consultation on establishment of recycle systems f. Reporting the result of survey on collection and recycling aluminum cans of the previous year ii) Promotion of thinner-walled and light-weight products From the viewpoint of rational usage of resources, production of thinner-walled and light-weighted products shall be promoted. iii) Promotion of advertisement, enlightening activities (including measures against scattering cans) a. Holding seminars b. Preparation of posters and pamphlets c. Lending environmental educational videos titled "Resource Wastes to be Recycled" d. Giving award to excellent organizations and schools 2. Promotion of "Can-to-Can" recycling To avoid the situation where recycling is stopped by an excessive increase in collected cans, "Can-to-Can" recycling shall be promoted. Purpose: The using rate as can material shall be raised to 80% in (74.5% in 2000) 8

10 3. Collection of aluminum containers and packages In accordance with "Separate Collection of Containers and Packages and Promotion of Recommercialization Law" (Containers and Packages Recycling Law), Aluminum Can Recycling Association shall accept aluminum containers and packages satisfying the separation standard and the storage facility setup standard free of charge or at expense in cooperation with related industries from the viewpoint of the secure and smooth acceptance system arrangement. To increase the quantity collected, efforts shall be made to collect more from those industries with low collection rates in particular. 4. Recycling of aluminum containers and packages other than cans Recycling aluminum caps and tubes shall be promoted, which are subject to Recycling Law for Aluminum Containers and Packages except aluminum cans. 9

11 5. Plastics 1 Promotion of recycling For plastic wastes that can be used as raw material, the following measures such as development of technology for recommercialization and advertising activities, etc. shall be taken to promote recycling. (1) Plastic bottles for drinks and soy source (including alcohol) Target: Provided that local governments' separate collection is promoted systematically, the recycling rate shall be 50% min. by (22.8% in 1999) i) To promote maintenance of recommercialization facilities ii) To develop new application fields of recycled plastic bottles iii) To provide local governments with useful information to support local governments' separated collection and improve the collection rate iv) To promote manufacture of easily-recyclable plastic bottles (by using single material for bottles, stopping manufacture of colored bottles, etc.) v) To realize monomer recycling toward "bottle-to-bottle" recycling vi) To work out a system to allow the collection of data necessary for recycling-related statistics for industrial wastes including plastic bottles (2) Fish boxes and packing material for electrical appliances made by foam polystyrene Target: To achieve the recycling rate of 40% min. by (34.9% in 2000) i) To promote introduction of vitrification facilities into the main markets (for fix boxes) ii) To expand and increase the recycling bases (Epsi Plaza) iii To enrich the collection system iv) To expand the scope of application of recycled products (3) Food trays made by foam polystyrene i) To popularize and promote high-performance volume-reduction machines ii) To popularize and enlighten such trays for expanding the scope of application of recycled products iii) To study how to support self-collection activities by super markets, discount shops, etc. in order to ensure the smooth supply of "white foam polystyrene trays" (which are suitable for material recycling) toward promote material (tray-to-tray) recycling, and at the same time, to enlighten consumers to increase their demands 10

12 iv) To do advertising and enlightening activities for consumers and local governments and make efforts for separated collection of "white foam polystyrene food trays" which are suitable to material recycling (4) Vinyl chloride i) As for vinyl chloride for agricultural use, the scope of application of recycled resin shall be expanded and a system for maintenance of bases established. Through this, the target-recycling rate of 60% shall be achieved in (51% in 1999) ii) As for vinyl chloride tubes and joints, intermediate acceptance places shall be provided in each prefecture nationwide to achieve the target recycling rate of 80% by 2005 while observing the economical efficiency. At the same time the member makers of Vinyl Chloride Tubes/Joints Association shall promote the sales of recycled products. iii) Vinyl Chloride Engineering and Environmental Association shall act for popularization and enlightening effect of recycling. 2. Promotion of chemical recycling To expand the possibility of recycling of chemicals as a material and diversify the recommercialization methods, measures such as tuning plastics into material and oil, gasification, blast furnace reduction and coke oven material, etc. shall be promoted. 3. Promotion of energy collection and utilization If it is difficult to recycle plastics to use as material, it shall be used as energy. (1) To promote the collection and recycling of the energy using fuel made by waste plastics (waste plastic solid fuel, etc.), introduction of facilities and equipment to use waste plastic solid fuel shall be promoted through public support and multidisciplinary cooperation and provision of information. (2) To make a survey for domestic and overseas present conditions of changing waste plastics to fuel, energy collection utilization and evaluate them in terms of LCA. 4. Reduction of waste plastics (1) Developing shall reduce packing materials new packing materials and processing technology. (2) Plastic Container Package Recycle Promotion Association shall promote advertisement and popularization of recycling in accordance with 11

13 Containers and Packages Recycling Law. (3) Given that "other plastic containers and packages" (those other than plastic bottles) are designated as a product specified by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, it shall be ensured to indicate the certification mark and material on plastic containers and packages other than bottles. (4) Makers shall reduce product containers and packages by promoting production of refill products of cosmetics and agents. 5. Tie-up with product assembly and processing industries To spread material recycling of plastics, a framework to promote the tie-up among assembly and processed product makers, plastics molding industries, and plastic material manufacturers shall be established. Also how to reduce the grade numbers for each processing and assembly product shall be studied. Application of reproduced plastic for the items specified by Green Purchase Law, indication of the material on products and material recycling shall be promoted through cooperation with assembly and processing product makers. 6. Others (1) Development and use of biodegradable plastics Developing, popularizing and spreading biodegradable plastics (which are decomposed by microbes and can reduce the burden on natural environment) shall be promoted. Especially, in agriculture and food fields, model projects shall be realized and the demand for recycling of organic wastes shall be satisfied. (2) Development of FRP recycling technology Technologies to use FRP products for cement material and fuels shall be developed and the possibility for practical operation shall be verified. 12

14 6. Automobiles 1. Cooperation toward automobile recycling systematization Those who are related to automobile recycling such as auto makers, auto part makers, automobile body makers, dealers, garages, automobile wreckers, shredder operators, etc. shall cooperate toward establishment of automobile recycling system. 2. Improvement of recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances Auto makers, auto part makers, automobile body makers, automobile wreckers, shredder operators, material dealers, etc. shall work out a concrete method to improve the auto recycling rate by doing their own roles and in cooperation with each other, if necessary. (See "Disused automobile recycling target, etc." prepared in Oct by Disused-Automobile Disposal and Recycling Subcommittee.) To achieve the following targets, necessary technologies shall be developed in cooperation with other industries. (1) The target recycle rate for new models of 2002 and after shall be 90% or more. The quantity of lead used for new models (excluding batteries) shall be reduced to one third of that of 1996 by the end of (All the 48 models brought into the market in 1999 achieved the target at the end of 2000.) (2) The target-recycling rate of used automobiles in 2002 and after shall be 85% or more. The target-recycling rate of used automobiles from 2015 on shall be 95% or more. Note: Auto wreckers shall remove batteries, copper radiators, battery cable terminals, lead wheel balancers and terneplate fuel tanks. (3) Concrete method and target to reduce the use of cadmium, sexivalent chrome and mercury shall be studied. 3. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufacture stages Given that the automobile is designated as a resource-saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be taken. (1) From the viewpoint of waste reducing design, attention must be paid to commonly-usable parts, recycling in the design stage, easily-reusable design, resource-saving design and other possibilities for reducing wastes. 13

15 (2) Measures shall be taken to promote the use of reusable parts and use of recycled parts as repair parts. Also, efforts shall be made to use the long-life designed parts. (3) Companies shall disclose information on reducing, reusing and recycling unless such information may damage their competitive positions. (4) The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the measures taken in the design stage shall be studied and it shall be regularly announced to the public from 2001 on. 4. Tie-up among material industry, part makers and automobile makers shall be promoted toward recycling of plastic parts such as bumpers (1) Automobile makers shall collect and recycle their own bumpers in the repair stage. (2) Collection and recycling of various makers' bumpers shall be studied and promoted. (3) Efforts shall be made to reuse bumpers and other products. (4) Based on the result of researches made with the chemical industry, plastic recycling including material recycling for automobile parts shall be promoted. 5. Waste oil, liquid, batteries, etc. shall be treated properly by those who are concerned such as auto makers, sellers, garages, automobile wreckers, etc in their own roles to reuse and recycle them. As for chlorofluorocarbon, necessary infrastructure shall be maintained and enlightening education shall be given to related companies toward the enforcement of "Law on Collection of Chlorofluorocarbon of Special Products and Their Destruction". (1) Increase of the number of chlorofluorocarbon collecting companies registered at Recycle Promotion Center (2) Maintenance and expansion of distribution routes to destroy chlorofluorocarbon collected Moreover, as for combustible wastes which are difficult to recycle such as used plastics, etc., material recycling shall be promoted and reduction in weight of wastes by thermal treatment and collection of energy shall be promoted. 6. Promotion of use of reused parts (1) Auto makers and auto part makers shall provide customers with as much information on products as possible and take measures for promoting the use of reused parts. (2) More reused parts shall be used for repair covered by insurance. 14

16 7. Measures in collection stage (1) Measures against illegally abandoned automobiles The system in which the auto industry shall cooperate local governments in collection and disposal of illegally abandoned automobiles shall be strengthened. (2) Measures shall be taken for automobile collection through selling routes, proper disposal, recycling, acceptance of disused automobiles by the dealer and at the same time proper disposal and recycling by manifest shall be ensured. (3) Measures against shredder dust Measures shall be taken for separation and safety of shredder dust d and necessary technologies shall be developed for separation and recycling of shredder dust in cooperation with the industries related. 8. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities for preventing illegal automobile abandonment (1) Consultation service for disposal shall be provided (by dealers.) (2) Preparation and distribution of posters and pamphlets 15

17 7. Motorbikes 1. Preparation of self-action program related to motorcycle recycling Given that the systematization of automobile collection is studied, method to collect motorbikes at expense, motorcycle control system, collection and disposal system, measures against illegal motorcycle abandonment, reduction of harmful substances, etc. shall be studied and the related industries shall prepare self-action programs. 2. Improvement of recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances Auto makers, auto part makers, automobile body makers, automobile wreckers, shredder operators, material dealers, etc. shall work out concrete method to improve the recycling rate by doing their own roles and in cooperation with each other, if necessary. (See "Disused automobile recycling target, etc." made in Oct by Disused-Automobile Disposal and Recycling Subcommittee.) To achieve the following target, necessary technologies shall be developed in cooperation with other industries. (1) The target recycle rate for new models of 2002 and after shall be 90% or more. The quantity of lead used for new models (excluding batteries) shall not exceed that of 1996 (about 80g per motorcycle 210kg in weight). (2) The target recycling rate of used motorbikes from 2002 on shall be 85% or more. The target recycling rate of used motorbikes from 2015 on shall be 95% or more. Note: Dealers, garages and wreckers shall remove batteries and lead wheel balancers. 3. Considerations for reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufacture stages Given that the motorcycle is designated as a resource-saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be taken. (1) From the viewpoint of waste reducing design, attention must be paid to commonly-usable parts, recycling in the design stage, easily-reusable design, resource-saving design and other possibilities for reducing wastes. (2) Measures shall be taken to promote the use of reusable parts and use of recycled parts as repair parts. Also, efforts shall be made to use the long-life designed parts. (3) Companies shall disclose information on reducing, reusing and recycling unless such information may damage their competitive positions. 16

18 (4) The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the measures taken in the design stage shall be studied and it shall be regularly announced to the public from 2001 on. 4. Promotion of tie-up among material industry, part makers and automobile makers toward recycling of plastic parts (1) Promotion of recycling measures for plastic parts (2) Improvement of recycling rate by tie-up with material makers, etc. (3) Based on the result of researches made with the chemical industry, plastic recycling including material recycling shall be promoted. 5. Measures in collection stage (1) Measures against illegally abandoned motorbikes The system in which the auto industry shall cooperate local governments in collection and disposal of illegally abandoned motorbikes shall be strengthened. (2) Measures shall be taken for used motorcycle collection through selling routes, proper disposal, recycling, acceptance of disused automobiles by the dealer and at the same time proper disposal and recycling by manifest shall be ensured. (3) Measures against shredder dust Measures shall be taken for separation and safety of shredder dust and necessary technologies shall be developed for separation and recycling of shredder dust in cooperation with the industries related. 6. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities to prevent illegal motorcycle abandoned (1) Consultation service for disposal shall be provided (by dealers). (2) Preparation and distribution of posters and pamphlets 17

19 8. Tires Taking into account the automobile recycling, legalization of which is being studied now to aim at more strong recycling system, the following measures shall be taken to strengthen and promote recycling of tires also. 1. Scrap tire collection and disposal routes To support local governments in proper disposal of scrap tires, necessary system shall be maintained and promoted. As for illegally abandoned tires scattering in the field, measures for promoting proper disposal shall be taken by enforcing the new standard for illegal waste dumping approval prepared by Ministry of Environment. To reduce the unknown quantity of the scrap tires, manifest system to cover all the scrap tires shall be realized and collection routes shall be completely secured.. 2. Promotion of recycling and reusing (1) Improvement of tire recycling rate To promote the scrap tire recycling, use of scrap tires for cement burning and for the iron and steel industries shall be increased. At the same time, the present recycling rate of 88% (2000) shall be increased to 90% by 2005 by making efforts to supply to thermal-use, new application fields. (2) Increase of demand for retreaded tires To increase the demand for retreaded tires and promote recycling, cross-the-board studies shall be done by organizations related from the viewpoints of technology, safety and economy. (3) Promotion of material recycling To promote scrap tire recycling, the following technological development shall be continued to set up the target figure of material recycling. i) Use of rubber powder ii) Use of recycled rubber iii) Use of chemical decomposition products Technological development shall be promoted to increase the use of the above-mentioned products (tire-to-tire use and use as pavior of the road in the future). 18

20 9. Bicycles 1. Considerations on reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufacture stages Considering the revision of the bicycle assessment manual and Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, efforts shall be made to reducing, reusing and recycling designs. Also use of long-life designed parts shall be increased. Given that the electric-assist bicycle is designated as a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the introduction of the structure which allows to remove the secondary battery easily and use of secondary battery shall be indicated on products. Also measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be announced to the public, and the design for reducing, reusing and recycling of the whole bicycles shall be studied. 2. Recycling target setting To promote recycling, the target recycling rate shall be set in Also, target reusing rate shall be studied. 3. Promotion of collection and disposal of used bicycles and illegally abandoned bicycles in cooperation with bicycle dealers, local governments, etc. Acceptance of bicycles to be discarded by bicycle dealers shall be continued and promoted, and at the same time press packer automobiles and bicycle cutters shall be provided to bicycle dealers by Bicycle Environmental Promotion Association to expand the jointly collecting areas. To reduce the disposal cost of illegally abandoned bicycles, press packer automobiles shall be used in cooperation with local governments. Moreover, how to promote the recycling the abandoned bicycles collected shall be studied. 4. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities to prevent illegal abandonment Various campaigns shall be promoted to prevent illegal abandonment of bicycles around the station. 5. Enlightening activities and popularization of long use To promote inspection for safety at school and station (by dealers) 19

21 10. Home electrical appliances 1. Considerations on reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufacture stages In addition to the four items designated as the type 1 product by the old law, complicate structured washing machines and microwave ovens are designated as products for recycling by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources. The following measures shall be taken from the viewpoint of promoting easily-recyclable designs. (1) Realization of product assessment Each maker shall assess the products in terms of resource-saving design, introduction of long-life parts and selection of easily-recyclable materials (including the reduction of harmful substances used) based on the "Home Electric Appliance Assessment Manual (revised in Mar. 2001). (2) Announcement of product assessment progress The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied and it shall be announced to the public annually from 2001 on. (3) Promotion of plastic recycling To promote recycling of plastics used for the products, each maker shall reduce the quantity and kinds of plastics used and take measures such as indication of materials on the product. In particular, in cooperation with the chemical industry, the number of grade shall be reduced based on "Home Electric Appliance Assessment Manual. " 2. Measures taken in disposal stage (1) System based on Special Home Electric Appliance Reproduction Law (Electric Appliance Recycling Law) As for air conditioners, TVs, Refrigerators and washing machines stipulated by Electric Appliance Recycling Law enforced in 2001, acceptance of disused products by retailers and reproduction by makers shall be promoted smoothly. In the mid and long run, utilization as raw materials or parts and reproduction shall be promoted and the recycling rate stipulated by the same law (60% for air conditioners, 55% for TVs, 50% for refrigerators and 50% for washing machines) shall be achieved. Home electric appliances other than the above-mentioned four items shall be covered gradually, taking into account the condition of diffusion and disposal, improvement of technical level for recycling, sales at retailers, law enforcement, etc. 20

22 (2) Collection of chlorofluorocarbon from special home electric appliances In accordance with the Electric Appliance Recycling Law, makers shall properly collect and destroy the catalyst chlorofluorocarbon as an duty to fulfil integrally with recycling. Also, technical development and facility maintenance shall be pushed ahead to promote measures against heat insulation material chlorofluorocarbon. (3) Measures against shredder dust Measures for separation and safety of shredder dust shall be studied by the industries related. 3. Easy disposal and recycling of abandoned electric appliances and technology development To promote easy disposal and recycling of abandoned home electric appliances, technological development in terms of the material, structure and method of disposal shall be made in cooperation with related industries. 4. Promotion of long-term use To promote long-term use of home electric appliances, the following activities shall be carried out. i) To study concrete methods to provide a longer period for repair so that products can be used for longer period ii) To establish repair system by training engineers for repair iii) To conduct safety inspection for products used for a long term more often iv) To set up proper repair fees v) To insure Use of reused parts shall be studied by taking the product safety into consideration. 5. Others (1) Reduction of lead in use The quantity of lead in use shall be reduced by using lead-free soldering. (2) Reduction of chlorofluorocarbon in use The quantity of chlorofluorocarbon used for products shall be reduced by promoting the use of alternatives of chlorofluorocarbon as heat insulating material. 21

23 11. Spring mattress 1. Measures for weight reduction and easy disposal Makers shall consider about structure design, material constitution and assembly method for easy disposal of spring mattress, and All Japan Bed Industrial Association shall study on the product designation by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources based on the approval of waste disposal stipulated by Waste Disposal Law (condition of companies' discarding systems). 2. Measures in disposal stage (1) Establishment of cooperation system for disposal of designated general waste Given that spring mattress is designated as general waste under Clause 3, Article 6 of Law Related to Disposal and Cleaning of Wastes, a system to support local governments in proper disposal shall be established. (2) Popularization of disposal technologies Shredding technology shall be introduced and popularized. 3. Promotion of advertisement activities (1) Consultation service for disposal shall be provided by All Japan Bed Industrial Association. (2) Advertisement activities for disposal shall be done. 22

24 12. Large furniture 1. Promotion of evaluation toward easy reducing, reusing and recycling Given that the metal furniture is designated as a resource-saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be taken. (1) Based on "Product Assessment Manual" (steel furniture, etc.) by New Office Promotion Committee and "Guideline to Prepare Manual to Evaluate Product Design and Promote Recycling" by Industrial Structure Council, makers shall prepare office furniture assessment manual by the mid (2) The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied. 2. Promotion of maintenance of collection routes as well as reducing, reusing and recycling (1) Promotion of reusing wooden furniture shall be studied. (2) As for metal furniture, establishment of collection system by maker's route and smooth system for reusing shall be studied. Also concrete method to store spare parts for a longer period of time shall be studied and realized so that consumers can use products longer. (3) Advice related to recycling shall be given to consumers at Japan Office Furniture Association and Japan Furniture Industrial Joint Association. 3. Study on indication (1) For wooden furniture, the contents of indication on products shall be unified based on the guideline for home-use furniture quality indication made by Japan Furniture Industrial Joint Association in April (2) For metal furniture, how to indicate for easy disposal shall be studied. 4. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities Education and guidance related to the contents of indication shall be given to dealers and wooden furniture makers. 23

25 13. Carpet 1. Technology development and establishment of collection system for easy disposal and recycling Japan Carpet Industrial Association shall proceed with the following technological development, survey and establishment of collection system through the joint study group for easy disposal and recycling of carpets. (1) Narrowing down the applicable technologies for disposal and recycling as well as experiments and study on application of recycled products (2) Development of separation technology of discarded complex materials (3) Meetings shall be held by organizations related to discuss considerations for reducing, reusing and recycling in the design and manufacture stages to promote studies and development of recycling and easy disposal of carpets. (4) Establishment of collection system shall be studied to show the direction as soon as possible. (5) Promotion of use of recycled PET resin. 2. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities Japan Carpet Industrial Association shall proceed with the following advertisement and enlightening activities. (1) The consultation service for disposal by the secretariat of Japan Carpet Industrial Association (Osaka) shall be enriched. (2) Consumer enlightening activities (Preparation of posters and pamphlets for raising their awareness of recycling) 14. Futon 1. Development of collection/disposal methods All Japan Bedding Item Association shall develop and study the following in cooperation with industries related. (1) To study on establishment of diversified collection system to show the direction as soon as possible. (2) To develop and study on the application of recycled products (oilcollection materials, heat insulation materials, reused felt, fuel, etc.) 2. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities All Japan Bedding Item Association shall do the following survey and advertisement and enlightening activities. (1) Survey on waste disposal 24

26 (2) The consultation service for disposal by the secretariat of All Japan Bedding Item Association (Tokyo) shall be enriched. (3) Consumer enlightening activities (Preparation of posters and pamphlets for raising their awareness of recycling) 25

27 15. Dry cell batteries 16. Small-sized secondary batteries, etc. 1. Although the production of mercury batteries has been stopped, the collection of non-discarded mercury batteries shall be promoted. For this purpose, collection boxes shall be placed at shops to collect free of charge and advertisement and enlightening activities promoted positively for collecting and recycling mercury batteries. Purpose: Recycling rate stipulated in Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources Small-sized seal lead battery: 50% Nickel-cadmium battery: 60% Nickel metal-hydride battery: 55% Lithium secondary battery: 30% Collection rate of nickel-cadmium batteries shall be 45% or more by (26.7% in 2000) 1. Target collection rate setting The calculation method shall be studied by taking dead storage into consideration, the research to collect the necessary data shall be started in 2001, and the target collecting rate by 2005 for small-sized secondary batteries shall be set up in Collection system maintenance and collection rate improvement Given that the small-sized secondary battery is designated as a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be taken. (1) Expansion of collecting bases To promote the collection of small-sized secondary batteries, the number of collection boxes shall be increased, and at the same time the collecting bases for small-sized secondary batteries discharged at the time of maintenance, repair and disposal of office equipment shall be maintained. (2) To collect them efficiently from the collecting bases, circulating collection route or reverse distribution route shall be facilitated to strengthen the collecting system. (3) Introduction of economical method To improve the small-sized secondary battery collection rate, economical method shall be introduced, and more strong collecting system shall be established, if necessary, according to the result of the method. 26

28 3. Promotion of indication and advertisement / enlightening activities The following measures shall be taken pertaining to the action stipulated in clause 1 above. (1) Implementation of indication Given that the small-sized secondary battery is designated as a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, those batteries shall be classified into four categories and each of them identified in different colors. (2) Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities Advertisement and consumer enlightening activities shall be done positively to appeal that disused small-sized secondary batteries can be taken back to the shop free of charge and they shall be collected for recycling. 4. Measures for equipment using small-sized secondary batteries Given that the equipment using small-sized secondary battery is designated as a resource-saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be taken. (1) To promote collection and recycling of small-sized secondary batteries, makers of equipment using those batteries such as electric tools, firepreventing or crime-preventing equipment shall make efforts to simplify the removal of batteries from the equipment and indicate in the equipment body and operation manual that the equipment uses smallsized secondary batteries. (2) Makers of equipment using small-sized secondary batteries shall develop products with less load of the battery to reduce the use of smallsized secondary batteries. (3) For leased equipment using small-sized secondary batteries, the collection system through equipment distribution route shall be established. (4) Companies dealing with maintenance, repair, etc. of equipment using small-sized secondary batteries shall take those batteries removed from equipment to recycling companies. (5) The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied and it shall be regularly announced to the public from 2001 on. 27

29 17. Lead storage batteries for bicycles and two-wheel vehicles 1. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities (1) As for lead storage batteries for bicycles and two-wheel vehicles, makers shall positively collect and recycle them by establishing a system to accept them from consumers free of charge and expanding the collection and recycling routes. At the same time free-rider measures shall be promoted. (2) Advertisement and consumer enlightening activities shall be done positively to appeal that lead storage batteries can be taken back to the shop free of charge and they shall be collected for recycling. 2. Studies on recycling system Stable collection and recycling system for lead storage batteries shall be established by taking into account the possibility to be designated as a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources as well as the legalization of auto recycling system. 28

30 18. Cassette gas cylinders 1. Disposal method To secure proper waste disposal, the central government, local governments and the industry shall solve problems of the standardized disposal method for cassette gas cylinders including discharge and collection methods. (Those cassette gas cylinders shall be empty before sent to recycling process.) Also the proper method for disposal shall continuously be announced to the public. 2. Technological development (1) Makers shall develop cassette gas cylinders in which the gas can be used up easily. (2) Makers shall develop cassette stoves in which the gas in the cassette cylinder can be used up easily. 3. Measures against cassette gas cylinders with residual gas To collect and recycle cassette gas cylinders with gas remained, a collection and recycling system where duties and costs for local governments, recycling companies and consumers are clarified shall be established. 19. Aerosol cans 1. Disposal method To secure proper waste disposal, the central government, local governments and the industry shall solve problems on the standardized disposal method for aerosol cans including discharge and collection methods. (Aerosol cans shall be empty before sent to recycling.) Also the proper method for disposal shall continuously be announced to the public. 2. Measures for proper disposal of aerosol cans with residual gas Taking into account the "Research for Aerosol Can Disposal" conducted in 1999 for aerosol products such as paints, cosmetics, insecticides, etc., a collection and recycling system where duties and costs for local governments, recycling companies and consumers are clarified shall be established. Also, the recycling companies and their facilities shall be maintained and the possibility of disposal by makers studied. 3. Promotion of advertisement To promote collection and recycling of aerosol cans, advertisement and customer enlightening activities shall be done by providing customers with information on how to use up the content, how to discard cans and present condition of aerosol can recycling. 29

31 4. Resource recycling To promote material recycling for containers and packages, the product structure to enable easy removal of plastic parts and unification of materials shall be realized. Also, to separate steel containers and aluminum containers easily, the material shall be indicated on the product. "Easy Recycling Design Manual for Aerosol Cans" shall be prepared by the end of Collection of goods in stock Makers shall collect goods in stock in the distribution process and dispose of them in a safe manner. 20. Small gas cylinders 21. Fire extinguishers Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities To secure proper disposal of wastes, it shall be announced to the consumers that it is prohibited to dispose of bottle gas cylinders with the gas remained by High Pressure Gas Safety Law and they will be punished if violate the law, through positive advertisement and consumer enlightening activities. Also it shall be announced to the consumers that disused small gas cylinders shall be taken to the distributor, and if the distributor is unknown, they shall contact the nearest dealer, local governments or local LP Gas Associations, through positive advertisement and consumer enlightening activities. 1. Maintenance of collection and recycling system Japan Fire Extinguisher Industrial Association has set the target collection rate for fire extinguishers in 2001 to 85% (assessed value). Collection and recycling shall be promoted to achieve this target in cooperation with organizations related such as Japan Fire Extinguisher Seller's Association. (83.3% in 1999 (assessed value by Japan Fire Extinguisher Industrial Association) To establish a reusing and recycling system by 2004, Fire Extinguisher and Disaster Prevention Equipment Recycling Promotion Committee, an organization established in 2000, is making research on and solving technical and systematical issues to reuse and recycle fire extinguishers. 2. Cooperation in illegal abandonment As local government supporting measures, industrial organizations shall prepare and deliver the disposal manual and makers shall collect and dispose of fire extinguishers when requested by local governments. 30