Nuclear Innovation in Action Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

Transcription

1 Nuclear Innovation in Action Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) David Shropshire Planning and Economic Studies Connecting Roadmaps for Innovative Nuclear Energy to the NDC Timeline (COP23 Side IETA Pavilion) 8 November, 2017 International Atomic Energy Agency

2 Topics What are SMRs? Prospects and Challenges Roadmaps for Deployment 2

3 SMR: defined and rationale for use Advanced Reactors to produce up to 300 MW(e), built in factories and transported as modules to sites for installation as demand arises. A nuclear option to meet the need for flexible power generation for wider range of users and applications Economic Lower Upfront capital cost Economy of serial production Better Affordability Modularization Multi-module Modular Construction Shorter construction time Flexible Application Remote regions Small grids Wider range of Users Smaller footprint Reduced Emergency planning zone Site flexibility Replacement for aging fossil-fired plants Reduced CO 2 production Potential Hybrid Energy System Integration with Renewables 3

4 Water cooled SMRs (Examples)

5 Marine-based SMRs (Examples) KLT-40S ACPR50S FLEXBLUE SHELF Floating Power Units (FPU) Compact-loop PWR 35 MW(e) / 150 MW(th) Core Outlet Temp.: 316 o C Fuel Enrichment: 18.6% FPU for cogeneration Without Onsite Refuelling Fuel cycle: 36 months Spent fuel take back Advanced stage of construction, planned commercial start: FPU and Fixed Platform Compact-loop PWR 60 MW(e) / 200 MW(th) Core Outlet Temp.: 322 o C Fuel Enrichment: < 5% FPU for cogeneration Once through SG, passive safety features Fuel cycle: 30 months To be moored to coastal or offshore facilities Completion of conceptual design programme Transportable, immersed nuclear power plant PWR for Naval application 160 MW(e) / 530 MW(th) Core Outlet Temp.: 318 o C Fuel Enrichment 4.95% Fuel Cycle: 38 months passive safety features Transportable NPP, submerged operation Up to 6 module per on shore main control room Transportable, immersed NPP Integral-PWR 6.4 MW(e) / 28 MW(th) 40,000 hours continuous operation period Fuel Enrichment: < 30% Combined active and passive safety features Power source for users in remote and hard-to-reach locations; Can be used for both floating and submerged NPPs Images reproduced courtesy of OKBM Afrikantov, CGNPC, DCNS, and NIKIET 5

6 High Temperature Gas Cooled SMRs (Examples)

7 Other Generation IV SMRs (Examples)

8 SMRs for Non-Electric Applications Very high temperature reactors Gas-cooled fast reactors Molten Salt reactors Supercritical water-cooled reactors Sodium-cooled fast reactors Liquid metal cooled reactors Water cooled reactors District heating ( o C) Seawater desalination Pulp & paper manufacture Methanol production Heavy oil desulfurization Petroleum refining Methane reforming hydrogen production Thermochemical hydrogen production Blast furnace steel making Coal gasification 8

9 Prospects for SMRs Improves access to energy (SDG#7) in remote areas Adds security for countries lacking energy resources Alternative to fossil energy for desalination, district heating, and chemical processing Transportable SMRs could open new markets. 9

10 Advantages, Issues & Challenges Technology Issues Advantages Shorter construction period (modularization) Potential for enhanced safety and reliability Design simplicity Suitability for non-electric application (desalination, etc.). Replacement for aging fossil plants, reducing GHG emissions Issues and Challenges Licensability (first-of-a-kind structure, systems and components) Non-LWR technologies Operability and Maintainability Staffing for multi-module plant; Human factor engineering; Supply Chain for multi-modules Advanced R&D needs Non-Techno Issues Fitness for smaller electricity grids Options to match demand growth by incremental capacity increase Site flexibility Reduced emergency planning zone Lower upfront capital cost (better affordability) Easier financing scheme Economic competitiveness Plant cost estimate Regulatory infrastructure Availability of design for newcomers Physical Security Post Fukushima action items on institutional issues and public acceptance 10

11 Roadmap for Technology Developer (1) PROJECT CREATION, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN, FUNDING & ECONOMIC STUDIES (2) BASIC DESIGN & ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT Submit Preliminary Licensing Package Project Charter Conceptual Design & Econ Studies 1 (3) DETAILED DESIGN, TESTING, & VALIDATION (Owner Participation in FOAK) Establish QA Programme Test Plans Finalized Submit Final Licensing Package Final Design Package (4) FUEL DESIGN ASSESSMENT & QUALIFICATION 4 Fuel Design Assessment 4 Issue Fuel Qualification Plan 4 Fuel Design Data (5) SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT & QUALIFICATION 5 Supplier Qualification Plans 5 Qualified Suppliers List (6) PRE-LICENSING DISCUSSIONS and/or DESIGN CERTIFICATION ACTIVITES 6 Preliminary Regulatory Response 6 Obtain Regulatory Acceptance (7) OWNER/LICENSEE AND INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS Owner Requirements Generic Reactor Safety Review (GRSR) Owner Acceptance of Designer QA Programme Agreement of Cooperation (FOAK) Safeguards 11 7 Review

12 Roadmap for Technology User PHASE 2 PHASE 3 (1) PROJECT CREATION (2) PLANNING, FINANCING, CONTRACTING, & SITING EPC Contract Signed Site Application Submitted Early Site Preps Completed Project Charter 1 Technology Assessments 1 Bilateral Agreement Signed (Gov-to-Gov) 1 Letters of Intent with Technology Providers Signed (3) SITE SPECIFIC DESIGN & ENGINEERING SUPPORT 3 Submit Application for Construction License 4 Site Permit Approved (4) LICENSING & REGULATORY OVERSIGHT 4 Construction License Issued (5) Procurement, Supplier Development & Qualification (Including reactor modules & fuel contracts) Operator Licenses Issued 5 Award Reactor Module Contract Reactor Modules Ready Reactor Fuel Ready (6) CONSTRUCTION 6 First Concrete 3 Years (NOAK) 6 Fuel Loading (7) TRAINING & INITIAL STARTUP 7 Commercial Operation Date (COD) (8) OPERATIONS, SPENT FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT, DECOMMISSIONING 8 Dry Spent Fuel Storage Site Approved 12

13 works to increase support to Member States on SMRs Target capacity building for Member States: 1. considering or embarking to use nuclear energy; 2. expanding nuclear capabilities. Provide energy planning support to include innovative uses of SMRs. Stay abreast of information and technology development related to demands for SMRs. 13

14 Summary SMRs can help countries meet their lowcarbon needs for energy. SMRs are an innovative technology that can play a role in future NDCs. works to enhance the ability of Member States to assess the deployment potential for SMRs. 14

15 Thank you for your attention. For inquiries, please contact: David Shropshire 15