This Manual refers to the Approval issued by the Ohio Department of Health on June 23, 2010.

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2 The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. We make a continual effort to improve our Manuals in order to ensure they are as complete, accurate and helpful as possible. Please confirm that this is the most recent and up-to-date version of this Manual by contacting us at (800) or visiting our website, Your questions, suggestions and comments are welcome. Please contact us at: Presby Environmental, Inc. 143 Airport Road Whitefield, NH Phone: Fax: (603) Website: This Manual refers to the Approval issued by the Ohio Department of Health on June 23, IMPORTANT NOTICE: This Manual is intended ONLY for use in designing and installing Presby Environmental s Advanced Enviro-Septic Wastewater Treatment System. The use of this Manual with any other product is prohibited. The processes and design criteria contained herein are based solely on our experience with and testing of Enviro-Septic and Advanced Enviro-Septic. Substitution of any other large diameter gravelless pipe will result in compromised treatment of wastewater and other adverse effects. Advanced Enviro-Septic U.S. Patent Nos. 6,461,078; 5,954,451; 5,606,786; 6,899,359; 6,792,977 and 7,270,532 with other patents pending. Canadian Patent Nos. 2,300,535; 2,185,087; 2,187,126 with other patents pending. Enviro-Septic is a registered trademark of Presby Environmental Inc. Advanced Enviro-Septic is a pending trademark of Presby Environmental, Ind. Presby Environmental, Inc. May 2010 All Rights Reserved

3 Table of Contents Section Title Pages A Introduction 1-4 B Advanced Enviro-Septic Components 5-7 C Advanced Enviro-Septic System Sizing 8-9 D System Configurations E General Design Criteria F Ohio State Specific Information G Design/Sizing Procedures & Examples H Pumped System Requirements 39 I Perimeter Drains J Venting Requirements K Site Selection 47 L System Sand and Fill Material Specifications 48 M Preparing for Installation N Installation & Construction Procedures O Final Grading P Operation & Maintenance 57 Q Rejuvenation & Expansion Appendix A System Installation Form 60 Appendix B Installation Checklist Appendix C Inspection Report Form Glossary Date of issue: July 28, 2010

4 Advanced Enviro-Septic Treatment System Ohio Design and Installation Manual Section A, Introduction What is Advanced Enviro- Septic? How Does Advanced Enviro-Septic work? Advanced Enviro-Septic (AES) is an innovative onsite Wastewater Treatment System that is passive, non-mechanical and does not use pressure distribution. The primary component is a large diameter perforated pipe that is installed in a bed of specified System Sand. The Advanced Enviro-Septic system is designed to purify wastewater that has received primary treatment in a septic tank and to disperse the treated wastewater into the underlying soils. The system is extremely versatile and can be designed in a variety of shapes and sizes, making it adaptable to virtually any residential or commercial application. The amount of pipe required and the size of the System Sand bed adjust in relation to the amount of daily design flow, the soil s characteristics and site constraints, ensuring effective treatment and adequate absorption into underlying soils. By utilizing simple yet effective natural processes, the Advanced Enviro-Septic Treatment System treats septic tank effluent in a manner that prevents suspended solids from sealing the underlying soil, increases system aeration, and provides a greater bacterial area ( biomat ) than conventional septic systems. Why is Advanced Enviro-Septic Better? The Advanced Enviro-Septic Treatment System retains solids in its pipe and provides multiple bacterial surfaces to treat effluent prior to its release into the soil. The continual cycling of effluent (the rising and falling of liquid inside the pipe) enhances bacterial activity. No other passive wastewater treatment system design offers this functionality. Our systems excel because they are more efficient, last longer, and have a minimal environmental impact. System Advantages Provides superior treatment Thoroughly tested to prove it works Preserves the natural terrain Cost-effective to construct and operate Completely passive, requires no mechanical devices or electricity Design versatility to adapt to virtually any site, any flow, any application Quicker and easier to install Quick system start-up makes it ideal for intermittent/seasonal properties Enhanced function and longevity Requires no special maintenance Superior track record of reliability Made using recycled plastic 1

5 Introduction, continued Purpose The purpose of this Manual is to provide general information regarding the design criteria, installation procedures and use and care instructions for the Advanced Enviro-Septic Treatment System. The Advanced Enviro-Septic System is extremely versatile and, as a result, this Manual cannot possibly set forth every conceivable system configuration. We encourage you to contact our Technical Advisors, who will be happy to address any questions or concerns unique to your project or assist you in designing a system for special applications. Presby Environmental Standards All systems using the Advanced Enviro-Septic Treatment System must be designed and installed in compliance with the procedures and specifications described in this Manual. Exceptions to any requirements in this Manual require Presby Environmental, Inc. (PEI) approval. Conflicts Between State Rules & this Manual In the event of contradictions between this Manual and Ohio and/or local rules, PEI should be contacted for technical assistance. Certification Required PEI requires all Designers, Installers or Homeowners acting as their own designer or installer to be certified. Certification is obtained by completing the Advanced Enviro- Septic Certification Course presented by PEI or its sanctioned representative. We offer a variety of certification training options, including online webinars and DVDs. Please visit our website, Special note: PEI highly recommends that all individuals involved in the approval, permitting or inspection process also complete a certification course. Technical Support PEI provides technical support free of charge to all individuals using our products or involved in the permitting process. For any questions about our products or the information contained in this Manual, please contact us at (800) , send an to info@presbyeco.com or visit our website, Disclaimer The technical support staff at Presby Environmental, Inc. is committed to providing comprehensive product information and support via telephone, website and at no cost to our customers. The assistance we are able to provide in this way is based on limited information and therefore should be considered general in nature. Accordingly, Presby Environmental, Inc. disclaims any liability whatsoever in connection with providing technical support. 2

6 TM ADVANCED ENVIRO-SEPTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM WITH BIO-ACCELERATOR TM TM TEN STEPS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT: ADVANCED ENVIRO-SEPTIC TREATS EFFLUENT MORE EFFICIENTLY TO PROVIDE LONGER SYSTEM LIFE AND TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT. SEWN SEAM AIR SPACE 10 SCUM SKIMMERS EFFLUENT GEO-TEXTILE FABRIC COARSE FIBERS BIO-ACCELERATOR FABRIC RIDGES 4 TM CROSS SECTION (NOT TO SCALE) PERFORATED PLASTIC PIPE WITH EXTERIOR RIDGES SLUDGE SYSTEM SAND STAGE 1: STAGE 2: STAGE 3: STAGE 4: STAGE 5: STAGE 6: STAGE 7: STAGE 8: STAGE 9: STAGE 10: WARM EFFLUENT ENTERS THE PIPE AND IS COOLED TO GROUND TEMPERATURE. SUSPENDED SOLIDS SEPARATE FROM THE COOLED LIQUID EFFLUENT. SKIMMERS FURTHER CAPTURE GREASE AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS FROM THE EXITING EFFLUENT. PIPE RIDGES ALLOW THE EFFLUENT TO FLOW UNINTERRUPTED AROUND THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE PIPE AND AID IN COOLING. BIO-ACCELERATOR GEO-TEXTILE FABRIC FILTERS ADDITIONAL SOLIDS FROM THE EFFLUENT, ENHANCES AND ACCELERATES TREATMENT, FACILITATES QUICK START-UP AFTER PERIODS OF NON-USE, PROVIDES ADDITIOINAL SURFACE AREA FOR BACTERIAL GROWTH, PROMOTES EVEN DISTRIBUTION, AND FURTHER PROTECTS OUTER LAYERS AND THE RECEIVING SURFACES SO THEY REMAIN PERMEABLE. A MAT OF COARSE RANDOM FIBERS SEPARATES MORE SUSPENDED SOLIDS FROM THE EFFLUENT. EFFLUENT PASSES INTO THE GEO-TEXTILE FABRIC AND GROWS A PROTECTED BACTERIAL SURFACE. SAND WICKS LIQUID FROM THE GEO-TEXTILE FABRIC AND ENABLES AIR TO TRANSFER TO THE BACTERIAL SURFACE. THE FABRIC AND FIBERS PROVIDE A LARGE BACTERIAL SURFACE TO BREAK DOWN SOLIDS. AN AMPLE AIR SUPPLY AND FLUCTUATING LIQUID LEVELS INCREASE BACTERIAL EFFICIENCY. 3

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8 Section B Advanced Enviro-Septic System Components Advanced Enviro-Septic Pipe Plastic pipe made with a significant percentage of recycled material 10 ft. sections (can be cut to any length) Ridged and perforated with skimmer tabs on interior Bio-Accelerator on the bottom, exterior of pipe Covered with a mat of randomly-oriented plastic fibers Surrounded by a non-woven geotextile fabric stitched in place Exterior diameter of 12 in. Each 10 ft. section has a liquid holding capacity of approx. 58 gallons Flexible enough to bend up to 90 Offset adapter An offset adapter is a plastic fitting with a 12 in. diameter and a hole designed to accept a 4 in. inlet pipe, raised connection, or vent pipe. The hole is to be in the twelve o clock position. Note: The hole in the offset adapter will accommodate Schedule 20 to 40 PVC. Double offset adapter A double offset adapter is a plastic fitting with a 12 in. diameter and two holes designed to accept a 4 in. inlet pipe, raised connection, vent or vent manifold piping, depending upon the particular requirements of the design configuration. The two 4 in. holes are to be aligned in the 12 o clock and 6 o clock positions. The holes are positioned 1 in. from the outside edge of the double offset adaptor and 2 in. from each other. Note: The holes in the double offset adapter will accommodate Schedule 20 to 40 PVC. Coupling A coupling is a plastic fitting used to create a connection between two pieces of Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe. The coupling features a snap-together locking device and ridges that are designed to fit over the ridges of the Advanced Enviro- Septic pipe, creating a quick and easy way to join pipe sections together easily and securely. 5

9 Advanced Enviro-Septic System Components, continued Distribution Box A distribution box, also called a D-Box, is a device used to distribute effluent coming from the septic tank in a system that contains more than one section or more than one bed. D-Boxes with tees or baffles are also sometimes used for velocity reduction (see p. 31). D-Boxes come in various sizes and with a varying number of outlets. Concrete D-Boxes are preferred, some are made of plastic. Flow equalizers (see below) are installed in the D-Box openings to equalize distribution; they help ensure equal distribution in the event that the D-Box settles or otherwise becomes out of level. Unused openings in D-Boxes are to be capped or mortared. Flow Equalizers A flow equalizer is an adjustable plastic insert installed in the outlet holes of a distribution box to equalize effluent distribution to each outlet whenever flow is divided. Raised Connection A raised connection is a PVC pipe configuration that is used to connect Advanced Enviro-Septic rows as shown below. We recommend using sewer and drain pipe for raised connections, Schedule 20 to 40 PVC can also be used. Inspection Ports An Inspection Port is a perforated PVC pipe with a removable cap that extends from the bottom of the System Sand and is accessible at final grade. Wrap PVC with fabric to protect against sand infiltration. A minimum of one Inspection Port is required per bed. Proper locations of inspection ports for level and sloping systems are shown below. VENT ADVANCED ENVIRO-SEPTIC PIPES INSPECTION PORT LOCATION VENT INSPECTION PORT LOCATION SYSTEM SAND SYSTEM SAND PIPES GROUPED AT HIGH END OF BED PIPES GROUPED IN MIDDLE OF BED 6

10 Advanced Enviro-Septic System Components, continued Septic Tank The Advanced Enviro-Septic System is designed to treat effluent that has received primary treatment in a standard septic tank. Septic tanks must be watertight and structurally sound to withstand burial pressure. Unless specified by state/local regulations, the septic tank capacity should be: - No less than 1,000 gallons - Recommend using 2.5 times the Daily Design Flow Septic tank capacity should be increased by 50% if a garbage disposal or basement ejector pump (pumping solids) is used. Septic tanks used with the Advanced Enviro-Septic System must be fitted with inlet and outlet baffles in order to retain solids in the septic tank and to prevent them from entering the Advanced Enviro-Septic System. Effluent filters are not recommended by Presby Environmental, Inc. due to their tendency to clog if not properly maintained, which restricts the oxygen supply that is essential to the functioning of the Advanced Enviro-Septic system. If you are required to use an effluent filter in a gravity fed system due to state or local requirements, the effluent filter selected must allow the free passage of air to ensure the proper functioning of the system. System Sand The System Sand that surrounds the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes is an essential component of the system. It is critical that the correct type and amount of System Sand is used when constructing the system. System Sand must be coarse to very coarse, clean, granular sand, free of organic matter. Manufactured sand is acceptable for System Sand. System Sand must meet one of the following specifications (sieve analysis from supplier recommended to confirm): Option 1: OH Department of Transportation (DOT) Fine Aggregate Portland Cement Concrete (703.02) providing that no more than 2% can pass a #200 sieve (as determined by washing sample). Option 2: ASTM C-33 ( concrete sand ) is acceptable for use as System Sand providing that no more than 2% can pass a #200 sieve (as determined by washing sample). System Sand is placed a minimum of 12 in. below all Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes, a minimum of 6 in. above the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes, a minimum of 6 in. between Advanced Enviro-Septic rows, and a minimum of 1 ft. horizontally around the perimeter of the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes. Component Handling & Storage Keep mud, grease, oil, etc. away from all components. Avoid dragging pipe through wet or muddy areas. Store pipe on high and dry areas to prevent surface water and soil from entering the pipes or contaminating the fabric prior to installation. The outer fabric of the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe is ultra-violet stabilized; however, this protection breaks down after a period of time in direct sunlight. To prevent damage to the fabric, cover the pipe with an opaque tarp. 7

11 Texture Very Coarse Sand, Coarse Sand, Sand, Loamy Coarse Sand, Loamy Sand Section C - Advanced Enviro-Septic Sizing Tables Table A - Infiltrative and Length Loading Rates: Soil Characteristics Length Loading Rate (LLR) gpd/ft. Structure Site Slope % Shape Grade Bed Area using Infiltrative Loading Rate (ILR) gpd/sq.ft. 0 4 % Infiltration Distance 6 To 12 >12 to 24 >24 5% 9 % Infiltration Distance 6 To 12 >12 to 24 >24 10% & Over Infiltration Distance Single Grain Structureless To 12 >12 to 24 >24 Fine Sand, Very Fine Sand, Loamy Very Fine Sand Coarse Sandy Loam, Sandy Loam Fine Sandy Loam, Very Fine Sandy Loam Loam Silt Loam Sandy Clay Loam, Clay Loam, Silty Clay Loam Sandy Clay, Clay, Silty Clay Single Grain Structureless Massive Structureless Weak Platy Moderate Weak Prismatic, Blocky, Granular Moderate, Strong Massive Structureless Platy Weak, Moderate Weak Prismatic, Blocky, Granular Moderate, Strong Massive Structureless Platy Weak, Moderate Weak Prismatic, Blocky, Granular Moderate, Strong Massive Structureless Platy Weak, Moderate Weak Prismatic, Blocky, Granular Moderate, Strong Massive Structureless Platy Weak, Moderate Weak Prismatic, Blocky, Granular Moderate, Strong Massive Structureless Platy Weak, Moderate Weak Prismatic, Blocky, Granular Moderate, Strong

12 Advanced Enviro-Septic Sizing Table, continued Table B - System Restrictions: Infiltrative Loading Rate (ILR) gpd/sq.ft. % System Slope Maximum % Site Slope Maximum 1.6 to Bed Configuration Limits Any Configuration Basic Serial or Multiple Beds Soil characteristics determined by Ohio Department of Health s Site & Soil Evaluation for Sewage Treatment Dispersal form, revised Sept Table C - Minimum Pipe Requirements: Loading (# Bedrooms) Gallons per Day (300 gpd minimum) , , Note: Based on 120 gallons/day/bedroom Advanced Enviro-Septic Minimum Pipe Required (ft) 9

13 Section D System Configurations Introduction This section presents the various design configurations of the Advanced Enviro- Septic system. The system configuration to be used is limited by: Characteristics of the receiving soils Vertical distance to the SHWT Slope of the site Other characteristics specific to the particular site The design daily flow System Configurations The following Advanced Enviro-Septic system configurations are presented in this Section: Basic Serial Combination Serial Multiple Bed & Unique Site Solutions In-Ground Systems Elevated Systems Non-Conventional 10

14 Basic Serial Distribution Introduction Basic Serial distribution can be used for single beds receiving 600 gallons per day (GPD) or less and for multiple beds where each bed receives 600 GPD or less. Basic Serial distribution systems are quick to develop a strong biomat in the first row and provide a longer flow route, providing improved effluent treatment. Basic Serial Distribution configuration also provides more complete air flow throughout all of the system s rows. Because these systems do not require a distribution box, they are less expensive, easier to construct and are not subject to the complications that can arise when a D-Box becomes out of level. Basic Serial distribution may be used in all soil types. Definition Basic Serial distribution incorporates rows in serial distribution in a single bed. Centered Bed Configuration (for system slopes 5% or less) (inspection port not shown) INLET OFFSET ADAPTERS SYSTEM SAND COUPLINGS RAISED CONNECTIONS ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 REQ'D WIDTH END VIEW SYSTEM SAND VENT TO 3' ABOVE GRADE 1.5' MINIMUM SPACING TYPICAL ROWS CENTERED ON SYSTEM SAND BED 12" MINIMUM TYPICAL Rows grouped at high end of bed (for system slope over 5%) (inspection port not shown). INLET OFFSET ADAPTERS COUPLINGS RAISED CONNECTIONS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 2' MIN. SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION REQ'D WIDTH END VIEW VENT TO 3' ABOVE GRADE 1.5' MINIMUM SPACING TYPICAL ROWS GROUPED AT UP-SLOPE SIDE OF SYSTEM SAND 12" MINIMUM TYPICAL 11

15 Basic Serial Distribution, continued Butterfly Configuration A butterfly configuration is considered to be a single bed with multiple serial sections. Each serial section must contain a minimum of half the required pipe. A section may contain more than the required amount of pipe. If vertical separation between serial sections exceeds 12 in., a multiple bed configuration must be used. SECTION #1 AS NEEDED SECTION #2 12" MAXIMUM Butterfly Basic Serial Distribution (inspection port not shown) SECTION #1 SECTION #2 INLET COUPLINGS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 1 D-BOX WITH FLOW EQUALIZERS ROW 4 RAISED CONNECTIONS ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 5 ROW 6 VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE TYP. SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION 2' MIN SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION DOWNHILL FOR SLOPES OVER 5% BED CENTERED ON SYSTEM SAND 5% SLOPE OR LESS OFFSET ADAPTERS SECTION SEPARATION AS REQUIRED 12

16 Combination Serial Distribution Introduction Limitations on Use Combination Serial distribution is required for systems with design flows greater than 600 GPD in a single bed. Combination Serial distribution is quick to develop a strong biomat in the first row of each section, providing improved effluent treatment. Use of Combination Serial distribution is permitted in all standard bed configurations in soils with an ILR between 1.6 and 0.5 as designated in Section C, Table B, System Restrictions, p. 9. Definition Flow Equalizers Required Combination Serial distribution incorporates two or more sections in a single bed, each section receiving an equal amount of effluent from a distribution box. All distribution boxes used to divide effluent flow require flow equalizers in their outlets. Flow equalizers are limited to a maximum of 20 gallons per minute (GPM). Section Loading Each section in a Combination Serial system has a maximum daily design flow of 600 GPD. More than the minimum number of Sections may be used. Section Length Requirement Each section must have the same minimum linear feet of pipe. The minimum linear feet of pipe per section is determined by dividing the total linear feet required in the Advanced Enviro-Septic system by the number of sections required. A section may exceed the minimum linear length. Combination Serial Distribution Plan View The following is a plan view of two sections in a single bed, each section receiving effluent from a distribution box (inspection port not shown). INLET D-BOX WITH COUPLINGS EQUALIZERS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 1 RAISED CONNECTIONS ROW 1 VENT MANIFOLD ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 OFFSET ADAPTERS BED CENTERED ON SYSTEM SAND FOR SLOPES 5% OR LESS VENT TO 3' ABOVE GRADE ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION 2' MIN SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION DOWNHILL FOR SLOPES OVER 5% 13

17 Combination Serial Distribution, continued Butterfly Combination Serial Distribution (inspection port not shown) INLET COUPLINGS ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 D-BOX WITH FLOW EQUALIZERS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 5 ROW 6 ROW 7 ROW 8 RAISED CONNECTIONS SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION 2' MIN SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION DOWNHILL FOR SLOPES OVER 5% OFFSET ADAPTERS MIN. SEPARATION AS REQ'D VENTS TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE SYSTEM LENGTH MEASURED TO OUTSIDE OF SYSTEM SAND 14

18 Distribution Box Configuration D-Box Distribution Configuration (a.k.a. Parallel or Finger configuration) All rows in this configuration must be the same length. Flow equalizers must be used in the D-Box. Manifold the ends of all rows to ensure adequate air and liquid flow through each row. Place the D-Box on level, firmly compacted soil. All rows must be laid level. A minimum of a 2 in. drop is required between the D-Box outlet and the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe inlets. DISTRIBUTION BOX WITH FLOW EQUALIZERS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 1 VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE OFFSET ADAPTER END CAPS TYP. INLET ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 ROW 5 ROW 6 VENT MANIFOLD COUPLINGS OFFSET ADAPTERS INSPECTION PORT D-Box configuration for sloping beds: DISTRIBUTION BOX WITH FLOW EQUALIZERS OFFSET ADAPTERS INLET 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 VENT MANIFOLD SLOPE COUPLINGS SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION ON DOWN SLOPE SIDE (IF REQ'D) INSPECTION PORT VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE 15

19 Multiple Bed Distribution and Unique Site Solutions Introduction Definition Multiple Bed distribution and Unique Site Solutions may be used to accommodate site constraints. Multiple Bed distribution incorporates two or more beds, each bed with Basic Serial or Combination Serial distribution, and each receiving an equal amount of effluent from a distribution box. Flow Equalizers Required All distribution boxes used to divide effluent flow require flow equalizers in their outlets. Flow equalizers are limited to a maximum of 20 GPM per equalizer. Bed Length Requirement Each bed must have the same minimum linear feet of pipe The minimum linear feet of pipe per bed is determined by dividing the total linear feet required in the Advanced Enviro-Septic system by the number of beds. A bed may exceed the minimum linear length. Rows within a bed may vary in length to accommodate site constraints. Bed Separation Distances Minimum bed separation distances: No separation is required for butterfly configurations if beds are at the same elevation or within 1ft. of the same elevation 10 ft. separation for end-to-end system multiple beds (measured pipe to pipe) Note: To accommodate construction access, additional separation distance may be necessary. Multiple Bed Orientation Multiple beds may be oriented along the contour of the site or along the slope of the site. End-to-end configurations are preferred; however, side-to-side configurations are acceptable IF allowed for remedial use with state/local approval. 16

20 Multiple Bed Distribution & Unique Site Solutions, Continued Multiple Bed Distribution Diagrams The following are plan views of Multiple Bed distribution designs oriented along the contour of the site. This Multiple Bed Basic Serial distribution configuration may be used in all soil types (inspection port not shown). SECTION #1 SECTION #2 INLET COUPLINGS ROW 1 D-BOX WITH FLOW EQUALIZERS RAISED CONNECTIONS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 4 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 5 ROW 6 VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE TYP. SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION 2' MIN SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION DOWNHILL FOR SLOPES OVER 5% BED CENTERED ON SYSTEM SAND 5% SLOPE OR LESS OFFSET ADAPTERS 10' SEPARATION (PIPE TO PIPE) Multiple Bed Combination distribution (inspection port not shown): INLET COUPLINGS ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 D-BOX WITH FLOW EQUALIZERS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 5 ROW 6 ROW 7 ROW 8 RAISED CONNECTIONS SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION 2' MIN SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION DOWNHILL FOR SLOPES OVER 5% OFFSET ADAPTERS 10' SEPARATION MIN. (PIPE TO PIPE) VENTS TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE 17

21 Multiple Bed Distribution & Unique Site Solutions, Continued Angles The AES System provides virtually unlimited flexibility allowing it to adapt to site constraints. When designing for a challenging site, feel free to contact us and a Technical Advisor will assist you in selecting an appropriate configuration. Angled configurations generally have one or more specific bends, but the rows should follow the contour of the site. Rows are angled by bending pipes or through the use of offset adapters. Length loading rates must still be honored. (Inspection Ports not shown.) System Curved about Radius SYSTEM SLOPE SAND System with 90 Layout SYSTEM SAND EXTENS I ON SLOPE EXTENSION OVER 5% BUILDING OR OBSTACLE INLET 5' RADIUS MIN SYSTEM SAND OVER 5% INLET BUILDING OR OBSTACLE SYSTEM SAND VENT INPSECTION PORT LOCATION FOR SYSTEM SLOPE OF 5% OR LESS INSPECTION PORT LOCATION FOR SYSTEM SLOPE OVER 5% VENT INPSECTION PORT LOCATION FOR SYSTEM SLOPE OF 5% OR LESS INSPECTION PORT LOCATION FOR SYSTEM SLOPE OVER 5% Note: A 10 ft. length of Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe may be bent up to 90. Curves Curved configurations work well around structures, setbacks, and slopes. Multiple curves can be used if dictated by the contour of the site. (Inspection port not shown.) CURVED BED CONFIGURATION 12" MINIMUM OF SYSTEM SAND AROUND PERIMETER OF PIPE RADIUS INSPECTION PORT VENT RAISED CONNECTIONS INLET EX I ST I NG DR I VEWAY RADIUS EX I ST I NG DR I VEWAY 18

22 In-Ground Bed Systems Sloping 5% or Less Introduction Sloping Systems, Orientation of the Rows on the System Sand Bed Advanced Enviro-Septic systems are installed below existing grade for sites with no soil restrictive features to limit placement. In a system sloping 5% or less, the Advanced Enviro-Septic rows are centered on the System Sand bed. In a system sloping greater than 5%, the Advanced Enviro-Septic rows are positioned with 1ft. of System Sand on the upslope side and the remaining System Sand extends beyond the rows on the down slope side. In systems sloping greater than 5%, there must be a minimum of 3ft. of System Sand from the outermost edge of the pipe to the edge of the System Sand bed on the down slope side. System Slope of 0% to 5% The following is a section view of an In-Ground bed system sloping 5% or less. Systems may slope up to 5% in all soil types (Infiltrative Loading Rates from 0.2 to 1.6). Refer to Advanced Enviro-Septic System Sizing Table, Section C, pp. 8-9, for system and site slope limitations, which are determined by the soil s ILR. Pipes are centered on System Sand for systems sloping 5% or less. VENT 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE INSPECTION PORT EXISTING GRADE PIPE LAYOUT WIDTH 1' TYP. SYSTEM SAND TOPSOIL 4" MIN. 6" MIN. 12" SYSTEM SAND 12" MIN. REQUIRED OFFSET 1.5' TYP. ADVANCED ENVIRO-SEPTIC PIPE SYSTEM SAND BED WIDTH 6" TYP. AS NEEDED TYP. Note: System Sand extensions may not always be required depending on the soil s ILR and the required System Sand bed area required based on Table A. 19

23 In-Ground Bed Systems Sloping 5% or Less, Continued System Sloping 5% or less: VENT 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE EXISTING GRADE PIPE LAYOUT WIDTH 1' MIN. TYP. INSPECTION PORT SYSTEM SAND TOPSOIL 4" MIN. 6" MIN. 12" SYSTEM SAND 12" MIN. REQUIRED OFFSET 6" TYP. 1.5' MIN. TYP. AS NEEDED ADVANCED TYP. ENVIRO-SEPTIC PIPE SYSTEM SAND BED WIDTH Note: Inspection Port always located at lowest edge of field 20

24 In-Ground Bed Systems Sloping Over 5% up to 25% System Slope Over 5% up to 25% The maximum site and system slopes are determined based on the soil s Infiltrative Loading Rate (ILR). Refer to the Advanced Enviro-Septic System Sizing, Section C, pp Systems Sloping over 5% - pipes are grouped to upslope side: 1.5' C/L TO C/L SPACING TYPICAL VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE TOPSOIL INSPECTION PORT EXISTING GRADE OVER 5% SLOPE SYSTEM SAND 4" MIN 6" MIN REQUIRED OFFSET 1' TYP. SYSTEM SAND 12" 12" MIN PIPE LAYOUT WIDTH 6" MIN. SYSTEM SAND BED WIDTH 3' MIN. 21

25 Elevated Bed Systems, Level and Sloping Introduction Definition Elevated Advanced Enviro-Septic systems are designed for sites with soil, depth to ground water or restrictive feature constraints that do not allow for In-Ground configurations. An Elevated bed system is a soil absorption field with any part of the system (including soil cover) above existing grade. Elevated Systems Fill Extensions Side-slope tapering is to be 3 horizontal feet for each 1 foot of vertical drop. Above ground system less than 5% slope and no System Sand extensions: (Inspection port not shown.) 4" TOPSOIL MIN. CROWN TO SHED WATER INSPECTION PORT VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE DO NOT PLANT ANY DEEP ROOTED VEGETATION ON FINAL GRADES 3 TYP 1 CLEAN FILL SYSTEM SAND 2.5' EXISTING GRADE REQUIRED OFFSET 12" OF SYSTEM SAND BELOW PIPES 22

26 Elevated Bed Systems, Level and Sloping, continued Centered pipe configuration with System Sand extensions: VENT 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE 3 1 TYP. 12" MIN TYP 1' MIN TYP ADVANCED ENVIRO-SEPTIC PIPE INSPECTION PORT 4" MIN 6" MIN 12" EXISTING GRADE CLEAN FILL REQUIRED OFFSET PIPE BED WIDTH SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION (AS NEEDED) TYP SYSTEM SAND WIDTH SYSTEM SAND 6" SYS SAND EXTENSION TYP CLEAN FILL BOTTOM OF SYSTEM SAND 12" MIN Sloping 5% or less with System Sand extensions and rows centered in System Sand: 4" MIN LOAM & SEED ALL FINAL GRADES 1' MIN TYP PIPE WIDTH 1.5' MIN TYP VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE DO NOT PLANT ANY DEEP ROOTED VEGITATION ON FINAL GRADES CLEAN FILL 3 MIN. 1 SYSTEM SAND CLEAN FILL ALL AES PIPE LAID LEVEL (END TO END) ±1/2" 12" SYSTEM SAND BELOW PIPES EXISTING GRADE 5% or LESS OBSERVATION PORT 23

27 Orientation of the Pipes on the System Sand Bed, Level or 5% Slope System Slope and Site Slope The percentage of slope in all illustrations refers to the slope of the Advanced Enviro- Septic system, not the existing terrain. The slope of the Advanced Enviro-Septic system and the existing terrain are not required to be equal. Refer to Table A, Loading Rates, Section C, p. 8 for maximum system and site slopes for various soil types. Systems Sloping 5% or less In a system sloping 5% or less, the Advanced Enviro-Septic rows are centered on the System Sand bed as shown in the Plan and Section Views below. Rows centered on System Sand bed: (Inspection port not shown.) INLET OFFSET ADAPTERS SYSTEM SAND COUPLINGS RAISED CONNECTIONS ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 REQ'D WIDTH END VIEW SYSTEM SAND VENT TO 3' ABOVE GRADE 1.5' MINIMUM SPACING TYPICAL ROWS CENTERED ON SYSTEM SAND BED 12" MINIMUM TYPICAL 24

28 Orientation of the Pipes on the System Sand Bed, System Slope > 5% Systems Sloping more than 5% In a system sloping greater than 5%, the Advanced Enviro-Septic rows are positioned with 1 ft. of System Sand on the up-slope side with the remaining System Sand extending beyond the pipe on the down-slope side. In systems sloping greater than 5%, there must be a minimum of 3 ft. of System Sand beyond the last downslope row of pipe. Any part of the System Sand bed that is more than 1 ft. away from the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe needs to be only 6 in. deep, as shown in the Plan and Section views below. Grouped bed configuration (in plan view) for System Slopes greater than 5%: INLET OFFSET ADAPTERS COUPLINGS RAISED CONNECTIONS 12" SYSTEM SAND MIN. ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 INSPECTION PORT ROW 1 ROW 2 ROW 3 ROW 4 2' MIN. SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION REQ'D WIDTH END VIEW VENT TO 3' ABOVE GRADE 1.5' MINIMUM SPACING TYPICAL ROWS GROUPED AT UP-SLOPE SIDE OF SYSTEM SAND 12" MINIMUM TYPICAL Section view of grouped bed configuration for System Slopes greater than 5% 4" MIN LOAM & SEED ALL FINAL GRADES PIPE WIDTH 1' MIN. TYP. VENT TO 3' ABOVE FINAL GRADE ATTACHED TO END OF LAST ROW 3' EXT. MIN. INSPECTION PORT CLEAN FILL SYSTEM SAND 12" MIN. 3 MIN EXISTING GRADE > 5% 1 ALL AES PIPE LAID LEVEL (END TO END) ±1/2" 12" OF SYSTEM SAND BELOW PIPES 6" SYSTEM SAND EXTENSION 25

29 Section E General Design Criteria Center-to- Center Spacing of Rows Center-to-center spacing of Advanced Enviro-Septic rows is a minimum of 1.5 ft. for Advanced Enviro-Septic systems. Center-to-center spacing is measured from the center of one pipe to the center of the pipe in the next row. Center-to-center spacing of 1.5 ft. results in the minimum of 6 in. of System Sand between each row of Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe. Daily Design Flow Calculations Daily Design Flow is calculated based on 120 GPD per bedroom for residential systems. For each bedroom, a minimum of 70 ft. of Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe is required. The minimum daily design flow for any system is 300 gallons per day. D-Box Manifold A D-Box manifold is utilized to equalize flow. Flow equalizers should be used on all D-Box outlets. Unused D-Box outlets must be covered, plugged or mortared. This configuration is especially useful when designing for large daily design flows. See Velocity Reduction, this Section, p. 31. Distribution box manifold is used to divide flow evenly to separate beds or sections: TO BED #1 D-BOX INLET D-BOX UNUSED OUTLETS USE OUTLETS AS NEEDED 4" Ø PVC TYPICAL D-BOX TO BED #2 Note: Utilizing every other outlet will provide room for required piping and allow for easier installation. Install flow equalizers on all used outlets. 26

30 General Design Criteria, Continued Baffles Required; Filters not Recommended All septic tanks must be equipped with baffles to reduce the amount of solids exiting the tank and entering the Advanced Enviro-Septic system. Effluent filters are not recommended by Presby Environmental, Inc. due to their tendency to clog if not properly maintained,, which restricts the oxygen supply that is essential to the functioning of the Advanced Enviro-Septic system. If you are required to use an effluent filter in a gravity fed system due to state or local requirements, the effluent filter selected must allow the free passage of air to ensure the proper functioning of the system. Garbage Disposals If a garbage disposal is utilized, we recommend that the required liquid capacity of the septic tank be increased by 50%. Multiple compartment septic tanks or multiple tanks are preferred. If a garbage disposal is used, the septic tank will likely require more frequent pumping (see Section P, Operation & Maintenance, p. 57). Isolation Distances Row Elevations Minimum isolation distances or setbacks must comply with Ohio state and/or local requirements. Horizontal separation distances are measured from the outermost edge of the tall portion of the System Sand bed (not measured from System Sand Extension). For sloping sites, elevations must be provided on the construction drawing for each Advanced Enviro-Septic row in the system. This is referred to as an elevation table. Row Orientation Advanced Enviro-Septic rows must be laid level to within +/- 1/2 in. end-to-end and preferably will be approximately parallel to the contour of the site. Minimum Number of Rows All beds must have at least 2 parallel rows. Maximum and Minimum Row Lengths To maintain efficient effluent cycling within the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe, the maximum row length is 100 ft. and the minimum row length is 30 ft. When design calculations result in a line length greater than 100 ft., multiple beds are required. 27

31 General Design Criteria, Continued Orientation of Pipes on System Sand Bed For Advanced Enviro-Septic systems sloping less than or equal to 5%, the System Sand extends horizontally a minimum of 12 in. beyond the outer perimeter of the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes, with the pipes centered on the System Sand bed. (See illustration on p. 24). For systems sloping from over 5% up to 25%, the Advanced Enviro-Septic rows are positioned (grouped) 1 ft. from the up-slope edge of the System Sand bed. A minimum of 3 ft. of System Sand is required beyond the last down-slope row. Any part of the System Sand bed more than 1 ft. away from the Advanced Enviro- Septic pipe only needs to be 6 in. deep. (See illustration on p. 25). Pipe Length Required Total minimum length of Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe required for a residential system is 70 ft. of pipe per bedroom. (Note: minimum system size is two (2) bedrooms.) Pumped System Requirements Pumped systems to gain elevation are allowed with the Advanced Enviro- Septic system. The use of pressure distribution with the Advanced Enviro-Septic system is not permitted. Systems incorporating pumps to gain elevation must use differential venting and velocity reduction to control liquid flow. (Refer to Section J, Venting Requirements, pp ) Pump dose volume is limited to a maximum of 40 GPM for Basic Serial Systems. When flow is divided by a D-Box, equalizers are required and dose volume is limited to a maximum of 20 GPM per flow equalizer. Reference: See Section H, Pumped System Requirements, p

32 General Design Criteria, Continued Replacement Systems In the unlikely event that an Advanced Enviro-Septic system needs to be replaced It can be reinstalled in the same location. All unsuitable material must be removed and properly disposed of prior to replacement system construction and replaced with clean System Sand. Dispose of hazardous materials properly. Permits are required for system replacement; contact the appropriate approving authority. Attempt Rejuvenation procedures before replacing the system. This simple process can often restore normal system function in a matter of days. Refer to Section Q, Rejuvenation and Expansion, p and call PEI for technical assistance. Ohio State and Local regulations may require a reserve area for new systems. Required Depth Vertical Separation Distances AES has been approved by ODH for a one 1 ft. soil depth credit for fecal coliform reduction. The System Sand/soil interface 12 in. below the pipes is considered the bottom of the System bed and is where vertical separation distances are measured from. There must be a minimum of 6 in. of unsaturated soil between the AES bed bottom and restrictive feature. Septic Tank and D-Box Elevations The outlet of a septic tank or D-Box must be set at least 2 in. above the highest inlet to the first Advanced Enviro-Septic row, with the connecting pipe slope not less than 1% (approximately 1/8 in. per foot.) D-BOX HIGHER THAN MAXIMUM LIQUID LEVEL IN PIPE 4" PVC LEVEL 2" MIN. MAXIMUM LIQUID LEVEL Side Slope Tapering Side slope tapering is to be a minimum of 3:1. 29

33 General Design Criteria, Continued Sloping Sites The percentage of slope in all system drawings refers to the slope of the Advanced Enviro-Septic system, not the existing terrain. The system slope and the site slope do not have to be the same. Maximum site slope is 33% and maximum system slope is 25%; permissible slope varies depending on the soil s ILR (see Section C, Loading Rate Table, p. 8.) The site and/or the system may contain more than one slope, provided the maximum allowed slope is not exceeded. If the system slopes more than 5%, the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes will be placed 1 ft. from the up-slope edge of the System Sand bed. The System Sand bed will extend a minimum of 3 ft. past the last row on the down-slope side. Remember any portion of the System Sand bed that is more than 1 ft. away from the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes only needs to be 6 in. deep. The width of the System Sand bed will sometimes need to be increased in order to achieve the minimum required 3 ft. past the most down-slope row of pipe. System Sand Bed Vertical Dimensions System Sand Specifications The overall height of an Advanced Enviro-Septic system measures 30 in. (including System Sand, not including fill or cover materials): 12 in. of System Sand below the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe; 12 in. diameter of the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe; and 6 in. of System Sand above the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe. The System Sand Extension is any portion of the System Sand bed that is more than 1 ft. from the outermost perimeter of any Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe); this portion of the System Sand bed only needs to be a minimum of 6 in. deep. It is critical to the proper functioning of the Advanced Enviro-Septic system that the proper amount and type of System Sand be installed. Refer to Section L, System Sand and Fill Material Specifications, p. 48. Ten Foot Increments Work Best Topographic Position Requirement It is easier if row lengths are designed in exact 10 ft. increments since Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe comes in 10 ft. sections. However, if necessary, the pipe is easily cut to any length to meet site constraints. Using 5 ft. increments minimizes waste of pipe material. The topographic position of the site must be convex, hill slope, or flat. No onsite system may be located on concave terrain that concentrates surface or ground water flows unless the up-slope terrain is sufficiently altered to redirect water away from the system. Refer to Section K, Site Selection, p. 47 for additional information and tips about selecting the right location for an Advanced Enviro-Septic System. Also refer to Section O, Final Grading, pp

34 General Design Criteria, Continued Velocity Reduction Velocity reducers are recommended between the septic tank and the Advanced Enviro-Septic System. A velocity reducer prevents turbulence which can disrupt the natural settling of solids within the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes. D-Boxes with baffles or a velocity reducing tee are commonly used for velocity reduction. See drawing below. Velocity reducers are required in pumped systems. TEE BAFFLE TEE BAFFLE DETAIL Venting Requirements All Advanced Enviro-Septic Systems require venting. Pumped systems require differential venting. Refer to Section J, Venting Requirements, pp Wastewater Strength All design criteria in this Manual assume usual or typical residential wastewater strength. Designers should take any unusual wastewater characteristics into consideration in designing a system. Where wastewater strength is high or wastes are unusual, additional Advanced Enviro-Septic pipe is recommended. Please contact us for technical assistance. Water Purification Systems Water purification systems and water softeners are not permitted to discharge into an Advanced Enviro-Septic system. This backwash does not require treatment and the additional flow may overload the system. Designs should include an alternative means of dispersal. 31

35 Section F Ohio State Specific Information Certification Requirements Designers or Installers are required to be trained and certified by Presby Environmental, Inc. or its sanctioned representative. Homeowners are permitted to design and install their own Advanced Enviro-Septic systems in Ohio and also must be trained and certified by Presby Environmental, Inc. Presby Environmental s certification does not require renewal. Regulators involved in the approval and inspection of Advanced Enviro-Septic systems should also attend PEI certification training. Additional requirements and/or registrations by state and local authorities may be required. Design Flow Residential design flow for the Advanced Enviro-Septic system is calculated using the Ohio Department of Health s figure of 120 GPD per bedroom. The minimum daily design flow for any system is 300 GPD. The maximum daily design flow for a residential system is ten (10) bedrooms (1,200 GPD). Certain fixtures, such as jetted tubs, may require an increase in the size of the septic tank. When daily design flow is determined by water meter use, take the average daily use from a peak month and multiply it by a peaking factor of 2 to 3 times. Note: The Advanced Enviro-Septic system does not utilize pressure distribution in any system regardless of the design daily flow. Pumps are to be used with the Advanced Enviro-Septic system only to gain elevation. Design Restriction Systems in Ohio with a daily design flow greater than five bedrooms (greater than 600 GPD) are required to be designed as Combination or Multiple Bed configurations. A minimum of two Serial Sections are required when loading exceeds five bedrooms (600 GPD). Inspection Port Required An inspection port to enable monitoring is required. One capped inspection port of 4 in. PVC will be installed with access at final grade; the inspection port is located at the center edge of each System Sand Bed with the bottom of the port located at the System Sand / soil interface (downslope side if sloping system). VENT ADVANCED ENVIRO-SEPTIC PIPES INSPECTION PORT LOCATION VENT INSPECTION PORT LOCATION SYSTEM SAND SYSTEM SAND PIPES GROUPED AT HIGH END OF BED PIPES GROUPED IN MIDDLE OF BED 32

36 Ohio State Specific Information, continued Loading Limits Combination Serial Section loading limit is 600 GPD. Pressure Distribution The use of pressure distribution in Advanced Enviro-Septic wastewater treatment systems is prohibited. Setbacks (Isolation Distances) Horizontal setbacks ( isolation distances ) are measured from the outer perimeter of the tall portion of the System Sand Bed. Site Restrictions Systems may not be placed beneath roadways, driveways, parking lots, or other hard surface areas. Venting Requirements All Advanced Enviro-Septic systems are required to be vented. Pumped systems require differential venting. See Section J, Venting Requirements, pp Required Depth Vertical Separation Distances AES has been approved by ODH for a one 1 ft. soil depth credit for fecal coliform reduction. The System Sand/soil interface 12 in. below the pipes is considered the bottom of the System bed and is where vertical separation distances are measured from. There must be a minimum of 6 in. of unsaturated soil between the AES bed bottom and restrictive feature. 33

37 Section G Design/Sizing Procedures & Examples Distribution Configurations Effluent may be distributed in Elevated or In-Ground systems using: Serial distribution Combination Serial distribution Multiple Bed distribution Distribution Box ( finger or parallel ) distribution Design Notes AES has been approved by ODH for a 1 ft. soil depth credit for fecal coliform reduction. Minimum separation distance from bed bottom to restrictive feature is 6 in. of unsaturated soil. Maximum row length is 100 ft. and minimum row length is determined by the Length Loading Rate (LLR). When row length calculations exceed 100 ft., multiple beds are required to satisfy linear loading rates. Ten foot increments work best and minimize waste. Minimum center-to-center spacing from the center of one row to the center of the next is 1.5 ft. (18 in.) Each bed in a multiple bed system must be equal in length. Site slope maximum is 33%; system slope maximum is 25%. Allowable slope varies according to the soil s Infiltrative Loading Rate (ILR) from Advanced Enviro-Septic System Sizing, Section C, p Advanced Enviro-Septic rows must be laid level end-to-end to within 1/2in. and preferably should be parallel to the contour of the site. System should not be located where surface waters concentrate. Isolation distances are measured from the outermost edge of the tall portion of the System Sand bed. System Sand bed lengths and widths are always a minimum of 2 ft. longer than row lengths and pipe layout width due to the required 1ft. minimum of System Sand on all four sides of the Advanced Enviro-Septic pipes. All sections within a bed must be equal in length and one foot from the end of the System Sand bed. Each bed must contain a minimum of two rows. All systems must be vented. Refer to Section J, Venting Requirements, pp All systems require proper soil cover and grading (Refer to Section O, Final Grading, pp ). Loading Limit Specifications Each Advanced Enviro-Septic system bed with Basic Serial distribution may receive no more than five bedrooms (600 GPD) design loading. Each section with Combination Serial distribution may receive no more than five bedrooms (600 GPD) design loading. The minimum size for any system is 300 GPD. The maximum design daily flow for a residential Advanced Enviro-Septic system in Ohio is ten (10) bedrooms (1,200 GPD). Advanced Enviro-Septic loading limit is 2.38 gallons / linear foot / day maximum. 34