Shale Gas Toolkit. Managing Environmental Issues Part 5
|
|
- Lionel Wood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Shale Gas Toolkit Managing Environmental Issues Part 5
2 Part 5: Managing Environmental Issues Despite the recent focus on shale gas exploration in the UK and elsewhere in Europe, there is currently no unified regulatory regime that specifically covers exploration, development and exploitation of shale gas. As yet, although there has been no commercial production of shale gas and just a few pilot production tests in the UK, significant concerns have been raised by campaign groups, protestors and others about the potential public health and environmental impacts of fracking for shale gas. At a time when the Government is supporting the drive for shale gas and many oil and gas companies are looking to participate in this industry in the UK, it is important for participants in this market to ensure that public opinion relating to the environmental integrity of extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons is considered carefully and concerns addressed wherever possible. Management of key environmental concerns is essential for the sector s development. A range of issues will need to be considered including contamination of surface and groundwaters, potential stress on water supplies, soil quality and fugitive emissions. Whilst some of these can be mitigated by careful selection, a full understanding of the fragmented regulatory regime covering these issues is necessary to appropriately address the issues. Members of the oil and gas industry who are investing in shale gas and bidding for the 14th Licensing Round in the UK are currently having discussions with Government about changing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) framework so that EIAs are not necessary for each well that is drilled during shale gas exploration, development and production. Industry is driving the agenda to streamline this process in the UK, in the same way as standard rules permits were introduced for waste management, to reduce the cost of regulatory compliance. At the time of writing, further changes have been proposed to the Infrastructure Bill that would, if enacted into legislation, mean that there would be more detailed assessments and checks of the environmental issues to be addressed as part of the consenting regime for hydraulic fracturing consents. The suggested conditions cover areas such as environmental impacts (see below), arrangements for independent inspections of the well integrity, monitoring of methane levels in groundwater prior to fracturing and of methane emissions to air, provisions relating to groundwater and environmental protection areas, review of the impact of components of hydraulic fracturing fluid and potential restoration conditions in relation to development. 1 Part 5 of the Toolkit provides an overview of the key environmental legislation relevant to the exploration, development and exploitation of shale gas. We have set out the types of environmental permits that could be necessary (depending on site and project-specific factors) and the implications of the Registration,Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH), water usage and wastewater disposal for the shale gas industry.
3 Shale Gas Toolkit Shale Gas Toolkit: Part 5 Overview of Fracking Process Shale gas extraction generally leads to a larger environmental footprint compared to conventional gas development. This is due to the fact that it requires a more intensive well stimulation technique, it mainly takes place on-shore and will cover much wider areas. In addition, as productivity of shale gas wells is generally lower than conventional wells, more wells will need to be drilled. In the current state of technological development, shale gas extraction requires the combined use of high volume hydraulic fracturing and directional (especially horizontal) drilling. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a process by which fracturing fluid a mixture consisting typically of water, sand and chemical additives (generally between 0.5% and 2% of the total fracturing fluid) is injected under high pressure to break the rock, open and enlarge fractures to enable the hydrocarbons to flow into the well. So far, experience in Europe has been focussed on low volume hydraulic fracturing in some conventional and tight gas reservoirs, mostly in vertical wells, constituting only a small part of past EU oil and gas operations. Drawing on the North American experience where the high volume fracturing has been broadly used, operators are now testing this practice further in the EU. However, at the time of writing Part 5 of this Toolkit, there has been no commercial production of shale gas and just a few pilot production tests in the UK. Managing Legal Risks In addition to understanding the environmental concerns that might arise on projects, appropriate risk management should also involve: Risk management of environmental issues through appropriate drafting on acquisition of sites for shale gas activities, or in relation to access arrangements Guidance for companies on EIA procedures and processes (which are covered in Part 3 of our Toolkit and below) Legal review of appointment documents for environmental consultants to consider the suitability of liability management and in particular limitations, to shale gas related work Consideration of legal issues associated with water management plans and water re-use proposals, particularly in view of the plethora of water legislation Liaison with regulatory authorities in relation to environmental issues, particularly in relation to waste or waste water management Advice on potential and threatened nuisance claims by neighbours relating to environmental issues, or threatened prosecution by the relevant environment agency (i.e. Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales or the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)) if future incidents occur. Cuadrilla s recent experience shows that the interface between the various types of consents required is also of great importance when developing project strategy. A favourable outcome by the environmental regulators may not necessarily yield the same result from planning authorities, and visa versa. The Legal Regime As we have already mentioned, there is currently no unified regulatory regime that specifically covers exploration, development and exploitation of shale gas in the EU, partly as the existing legislation was not designed with shale gas in mind. Participants in the shale gas industry in the UK will need to give careful consideration to a number of areas of environmental laws that we believe must be approached with an eye for detail and underpinned by robust consenting, mitigation and management strategies (as noted above). Both general and specific pieces of EU and UK environmental legislation apply to shale gas activities from planning until cessation. The key laws and regulations that are relevant from an environmental perspective cover Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and planning, underground risk assessment, well integrity, integrated and consistent requirements in terms of baseline and operational monitoring, capture of methane emissions and disclosure of fracturing fluid composition on a well by well basis. 2
4 Environmental Permits The Environmental Permit is likely to be the key environmental consent required for each individual stage (or phase) of shale gas development in England and Wales. An Environmental Permit could be required if fracking activities are deemed by regulatory authorities to include: A groundwater activity, such as discharge of fracking fluid into wells A mining waste activity, for example, storage of flowback fluid An installation under the Industrial Emissions Directive An activity requiring a Radioactive Substances Act consent (which is likely to be the case wherever oil and gas is produced). Additional consents may be required from the Environment Agency if shale gas development results in: An activity requiring a Groundwater investigation consent An activity requiring a water abstraction licence typically, abstraction of more than 20m 3 per day An activity requiring a flood defence consent if the development takes place near river or sea flood defences A coal authority consent under the Coal Industry Act 1994 may also be necessary if the operation will intersect coal seams or coal mine workings. The Environment Agency strongly advises that operators and developers discuss the requirements of all relevant permissions with the Agency at the pre-application stage and twin-track the planning and environmental consent applications. In Scotland, the above activities will require similar consents from SEPA. Environmental Permit: Cuadrilla Case Study On 16 January 2015, the Environment Agency granted an environmental permit to Cuadrilla Bowland Limited for the exploration stage of their shale gas operations in Lancashire. The permit provides the required consent for various exploration activities including: Injection of fracking fluid into wells via injection boreholes Extraction of flowback fluid (up to 3000m 3 ) Flaring of limited amounts of waste gas Storage of extracted flowback fluid. Conscious of the heightened public concern in relation to the environmental impacts of shale gas development, the Environment Agency completed a rigorous seven month assessment of Cuadrilla s application. The normal four week consultation period was extended to eight weeks and the Environment Agency requested several pieces of additional information from Cuadrilla. Notably, these requests related to the composition of friction reducer, Cuadrilla s waste management plan and proposed measures for the limitation of noise from flaring. Shale gas developers should be mindful of the extended timescales for obtaining environmental permits and the approach to public consultation should be given particular consideration. It is, however, hoped that with improved knowledge of the specific characteristics of shale gas development and industry standards, turnaround times for granting these permits will decrease. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) As set out in more detail in Part 3 of our Toolkit, the answer to the question of whether any given phase of a shale gas project will require an EIA will depend on the nature, size and location of the operations and whether they will have a significant effect on the environment. Amendments were tabled to the Infrastructure Bill in August 2014 that would have meant that EIAs would have been required for all shale gas activity at all sites. However, those amendments were not officially moved forward. Part 5 of this toolkit has been published after MPs voted against an amendment to the Infrastructure Bill that would have resulted in an outright ban on shale gas activity in England and Wales. However, MPs did vote on stronger checks and thirteen conditions that would be relevant to shale gas development in England and Wales which will now be scrutinised further as part of the Bill process. The amendments tabled to the Bill would mean, if enacted, that no hydraulic fracturing could take place unless an EIA of a development had been carried out, a consideration of cumulative impacts by Mineral Planning Authorities (MPAs) and community benefits provided. Also, no fracking would take place in groundwater areas, source protection zones and protected areas as noted above. 3
5 Shale Gas Toolkit Shale Gas Toolkit: Part 5 Current market thinking from environmental consultants involved in the 14th Licensing Round is that it is unlikely in the short to medium term for a MPA (or in Scotland, a local authority) to approve of fracking development without an EIA. It is anticipated that this will continue to be the case until better information is collected that demonstrates significant effects are unlikely to be triggered by fracking activity. In practice, a screening opinion can be obtained from a MPA on whether or not an EIA is required. Operators should however be aware that there could be non-legal reasons that trigger an EIA, such as the desire for an operator to be open about the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project. In addition, if market practice is for operators to obtain an EIA for each well to be fracked, other operators are likely to be guided by this when they make their applications for new activities. Given the lack of track record of UK examples for hydraulic fracturing, it is considered current best practice to undertake an EIA on any proposed well development involving hydraulic fracturing even where it may be debated whether an EIA is required or not. The current market practice in relation to EIAs is likely to lead to huge costs for operators that win bids for PEDLs in the 14th Licensing Round in the UK, due to the level of detail and volume of information required for an EIA under the current legislative framework. We understand that a rough estimate of the costs per EIA per well for operators is 150, ,000. Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) Regulations In addition to each site being scrutinised by the Environment Agencies (the Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales and SEPA) and the Health and Safety Executive, the Agency will require details of the substances that constitute the fracking fluid and will only grant an environmental permit if they are satisfied that there are no risks to the environment, particularly to groundwater. The REACH Regulations govern the chemicals that can be used in fracking fluid and registration under REACH may be required in the EU for substances to be used in fracking fluid. Our experience from working with manufacturing companies is that there are significant costs associated with such registrations and companies facing potential registration of chemicals have in many instances looked carefully to see if they can use alternative chemicals that have been registered by others. In addition, companies may be tempted to adopt business models used in the US, but need to be aware that some chemicals used for fracking by US companies are banned in the EU. We understand that the disclosure of chemicals that will used in fracking fluid is a matter of significant concern to operators involved in this market, as the constituents of fracking fluid used by different operators has been a closely guarded secret in the US. Careful guidance will no doubt be needed by participants in the shale gas industry on environmental confidentiality issues, particularly in relation to fracking fluid. Water usage and disposal of waste water Concerns have been expressed about the quantities of water used in fracking and the disposal of waste water that results from the process. The water used may of course be obtained from licensed suppliers, but if directly abstracted by the operators, will require a Water Abstraction Licence from the Environment Agency or Natural Resources Wales in England and Wales. Licences will only be given where the relevant Agency is satisfied that a sustainable supply is obtainable. 4
6 Equally, disposal of waste water is subject to scrutiny by the Environment Agency in England and Natural Resources Wales in Wales and will require a permit. The waste water from operations in Lancashire has been found to contain low levels of radioactivity. A case-specific radiological assessment is required in support of any application for a permit for the disposal of radioactive waste. The Environment Agency and Natural Resources Wales will critically review any such assessment and will only issue a permit if satisfied. In Scotland the carrying out of various activities including abstraction and disposal that are likely to have a significant adverse effect on the water environment require a water use licence from the SEPA. With the regulators focus on waste management, there could be potential opportunities for waste water management contractors in the sector who are able to develop innovative storage, treatment and transporting techniques. Noise, Traffic, Impacts on Health A major concern for regulatory authorities is the potential impact of normal operations in terms of noise, traffic and impacts on health. This will be dealt with under the planning regime and by the Health and Safety Executive in the UK. All proposals for oil and gas exploration require planning permission from the relevant MPA and issues associated with this are picked up in Part 3 of our Toolkit on planning. Impact on 14th Licencing Round In preparation for the 14th Licensing Round in the UK, during which bids were submitted by the end of October 2014 for Petroleum Exploration and Development Licences (PEDLs), the companies considering participation in the emerging UK shale gas market worked very closely with geologists, hydrogeologists and others to understand the site-specific characteristics which indicate whether shale gas is located in the licensing areas covered by the Round. Likely environmental issues in each location were also important factors in determining the viability of the sites. Recent Developments Commission Recommendation Industry best practice is being shaped by a European Commission Recommendation on the minimum principles for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons (such as shale gas) using high-volume hydraulic fracturing (Commission Recommendation (2014/70/EU), OJ L 39/ February 2014). Notably, this is a voluntary mechanism at present. The Recommendation provides guidance on the minimum principles which Member States and shale gas developers should be following to address and manage the key environmental concerns associated with the exploration, development and exploitation of shale gas and drilling of wells and fracking that form part of that process. These include encouraging developers to undertake various site specific environmental assessments, baseline reporting, ensuring that wells are appropriately designed and that release of gases in to the atmosphere is limited. Member States are to ensure that companies apply Best Available Techniques (BAT) to manage environmental risks appropriately. This is a requirement of many environmental permits. Compliance with BAT has led to considerable costs for industrial operators in other sectors, for example in the chemicals industry, so operators should be very careful to feed into the Commission process for drafting BAT documents. The Environmental Industries Commission is currently seeking input from industry stakeholders on BAT for onshore oil and gas exploration, with the findings expected at the end of March Status of the Recommendation The Recommendation is non-binding, but will be followed 18 months after publication by a review by the Commission of the extent to which it has been effective in implementing the principles set out in the Recommendation. As the Recommendation was published on 8 February 2014, the Review should have taken place by the end of July Failure by Member States to implement the various elements of the Recommendation could lead to legislative changes down the line. 5
7 Shale Gas Extraction Process Timeline The Shale Gas Extraction Process, from identification of a potential development area to the full commercial exploitation of that area, contains many stages and can last over 30 years. At each stage Developers must meet a number of regulatory requirements that are set out in the timeline below. SEISMICITY: this issue has the potential to be a stumbling block to proposed or commenced operations and is something to which Developers must give considerable thought. Developers must assess the risk of activating faults in the proposed licence area and also monitor background seismicity before fracking operations commence. Real time seismic monitoring will also be necessary during operations and operations will need to be paused or halted where seismicity passes a certain level. Identification Developer identifies suitable areas for shale gas exploration. Exploration Once PEDL secured, Developer identifies locations within licence area with highest potential for shale gas and exploratory drilling undertaken. Appraisal Drilling of wells to assess commercial viability of gas production. Gas produced at this stage can be used for small-scale commercial electricity generation. Initial Development First production wells constructed as well as necessary infrastructure to facilitate the sale of shale gas. Early sales revenue generated and project tailored to maximise production. Full Development & Production Drilling of production wells across licence area and construction of commercial production facilities and infrastructure for large volumes of shale gas. Abandonment Well plugged and surrounding area rehabilitated in accordance with prescribed standards. 1 3 Years 1 3 Years 1 2 Years 2 3 Years Over 20 Years Site specific characterisation and assessment PEDL to search for, and extract shale gas. (PEDL mirrors stages therefore PEDL extensions will be necessary) Property Rights negotiate with Landowners to purchase or secure rights (lease or license) over land to facilitate the process. Acronyms PEDL Petroleum Exploration & Development Licence CA Coal Authority DECC Department for Environment & Climate Change EA Environment Agency EIA Environment Impact Assessment EP Environmental Permit HSE Health & Safety Executive LPA Local Panning Authority MPA Minerals Planning Authority NORM Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials PEDL Petroleum Exploration & Development Licence PP Planning Permission PPA Planning performance Agreement REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals WAL Water Abstraction Licence EPs mitigation and conditions dealing with potential environmental concerns/ risks (including: surface and groundwater activities and discharges, industrial emissions, radioactive substances, fracking fluid, NORM, waste water and storage) Flood Defence Consent EIA depending upon nature, size and location of development proposals, consultation strategy to be adopted and likely significant environmental effects WAL needed where water for fracking operations sourced from groundwater/ surface water Site specific characterisation and assessment PP from MPA (LPA in Scotland) for drilling EXPLORATORY wells, change of use in land and any associated works CA CONSENT to drill through coal seems where necessary Well Examination Scheme implemented to confirm well designed and constructed in accordance with industry Notify EA of intention to drill Notify HSE of well design and operations 21 days prior to drilling HSE Consent where significant alteration of well needed Fracking Plan to address the risk of seismicity submitted to DECC Fracking consent from DECC. EPs mitigation and conditions dealing with site specific environmental concerns/risks WAL EIA depending upon nature, size and location of development proposals and consultation strategy to be adopted and likely significant environmental effects Site specific characterisation and assessment PEDL Extension PP from MPA for drilling of APPRAISAL wells and any associated works and upgrades (e.g. drilling platforms) Section 106 planning obligations linked to PP PPAs if appropriate Once PP granted the Developer must repeat the process of notifying the EA and HSE of drilling before being the green light by DECC Additionally HSE Consent would be necessary where the Developer wished to significantly alter existing wells. EPs mitigation and conditions dealing with site specific environmental concerns/risks WAL EIA Site specific characterisation and assessment PEDL Extension for full commercial exploitation PP from MPA for drilling of initial PRODUCTION wells as any associated works and site upgrades Possible Section 106 planning obligations linked to PP PPAs if appropriate Again, once PP granted the Developer must repeat the process of notifying the EA and HSE prior to drilling before DECC give the ultimate green light to commence operations. EPs mitigation and conditions dealing with site specific environmental concerns/risks WAL EIA Site specific characterisation and assessment PP from MPA for large scale commercial drilling of PRODUCTION wells and any associated works or site upgrades (i.e. construction of large scale production infrastructure) Possible Section 106 planning obligations linked to PP PPAs if appropriate Again, once PP granted the Developer must repeat the process of notifying the EA and HSE prior to drilling before being the green light by DECC. EPs mitigation and conditions dealing with site specific environmental concerns/risks Possible EIA connected to PP depending on the changes that have been made. PP from MPA (if further consent required for changes to the development strategy from that consented in PP for stage 5) Rehabilitation of area in accordance with PP conditions Well Abandonment in accordance with HSE standards Aftercare of the site in accordance with PP conditions.
8 Contacts For more information please contact: Georgie Messent Partner T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) E: Bob Ruddiman Sector Head Energy & Natural Resources T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) E: Paul Rice Partner and Head of Client Relationships Energy and Natural Resources T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) E: Eluned Watson Associate T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) E: Emma Reid Solicitor T: +44 (0) E: Claire Swienton Solicitor T: +44 (0) M: +44 (0) E: 7 This note does not constitute legal advice. Specific legal advice should be taken before acting on any of the topics covered.
9 For more information please visit: pinsentmasons.com/shale Pinsent Masons LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England & Wales (registered number: OC333653) authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the appropriate regulatory body in the other jurisdictions in which it operates. The word partner, used in relation to the LLP, refers to a member of the LLP or an employee or consultant of the LLP or any affiliated firm of equivalent standing. A list of the members of the LLP, and of those non-members who are designated as partners, is displayed at the LLP s registered office: 30 Crown Place, London EC2A 4ES, United Kingdom. We use Pinsent Masons to refer to Pinsent Masons LLP, its subsidiaries and any affiliates which it or its partners operate as separate businesses for regulatory or other reasons. Reference to Pinsent Masons is to Pinsent Masons LLP and/or one or more of those subsidiaries or affiliates as the context requires. Pinsent Masons LLP For a full list of our locations around the globe please visit our websites:
Fracking and Shale Gas, Today and Tomorrow
GOUGH SQUARE CHAMBERS Fracking and Shale Gas, Today and Tomorrow Jonathan Kirk QC Lee Finch Introduction Hydraulic fracturing or fracking refers to the process of fracturing of rock by applying a pressurised
More informationCOMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX [ ](2014) XXX draft COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on the exploration and production of hydrocarbons (such as shale gas)
More informationConsenting UK shale gas projects: risks for investors
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL GUIDE 2013/14 ENVIRONMENT Analysis Consenting UK shale gas projects: risks for investors Nigel Howorth, James Shepherd and Michael Coxall global.practicallaw.com/8-550-1045 The stakes
More informationTechnical support for assessing the need for a risk management framework for unconventional gas extraction
Technical support for assessing the need for a risk management framework for unconventional gas extraction Final report mmmll European Commission DG Environment Technical Support for Assessing the Need
More informationOil and Gas Exploration, Production and Distribution SPD 30 September :00:00 BST 11 November :00:00 GMT 16 September :19:41 BST
Consultation Start End Published on Oil and Gas Exploration, Production and Distribution SPD 30 September 2016 09:00:00 BST 11 November 2016 17:00:00 GMT 16 September 2016 11:19:41 BST Help us to reduce
More informationINEOS Shale. John Hunter CEng MIMMM Wells Team Leader, INEOS Shale. The Mining Institute of Scotland Safeguarding Scotland s Energy Resources
INEOS Shale John Hunter CEng MIMMM Wells Team Leader, INEOS Shale The Mining Institute of Scotland Safeguarding Scotland s Energy Resources 11 th January 2017 Alternative Title Keeping the lights on Keeping
More informationConsultation on Underground Drilling Access
Consultation on Underground Drilling Access Written evidence submitted by the National Trust August 2014 Executive Summary 1. Should the Government legislate to provide underground access to gas, oil and
More informationParish and Town Councillors meetings Chesterfield, Frodsham and Malton
Parish and Town Councillors meetings Chesterfield, Frodsham and Malton 9-11 May 2016 This is a consolidation of the three presentations given in each regional area Presenters Tom Crotty - Communications
More informationHydraulic Fracturing & Public Health: What we know, what we can infer and how we can move forward
Hydraulic Fracturing & Public Health: What we know, what we can infer and how we can move forward Merry Turtiak, Alberta Health Canadian Public Health Association 2014 May 29, 2014 Overview The Basics:
More informationSHELL ONSHORE OPERATING PRINCIPLES
SHELL ONSHORE OPERATING PRINCIPLES FOR TIGHT SAND OR SHALE OIL AND GAS In 2011, Shell publicly shared five aspirational operating principles that govern the activities where we operate and where hydraulic
More informationon behalf of FoE Scotland; FoE Falkirk; FoE Stirling; and supported by Transition Stirling (referred to as FoE Scotland )
Pre-cognition of Professor Chris Hilson in Planning Permission Appeal PPA-240-2032 COAL BED METHANE PRODUCTION, INCLUDING DRILLING, WELL SITE ESTABLISHMENT AT 14 LOCATIONS AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE
More informationFuture of Manufacturing:
Freedom to Succeed Future of Manufacturing: New challenges in the Smart Environment November 2016 A roundtable discussion was held at the FT Future of Manufacturing summit on 4th October 2016, to explore
More informationLife-Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Shale Gas Extraction in Scotland. Clare Bond, University of Aberdeen.
Life-Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Shale Gas Extraction in Scotland Clare Bond, University of Aberdeen Life Cycle Assessment of Shale Gas in Scotland Life-Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse
More informationStatement of Community Involvement
Temporary Shale Gas Exploration Preston New Road, Lancashire PNR_PL_SCI May 2014 Contents Summary 4 1 Introduction 17 Page 1.1 Context 17 1.2 The proposed development 19 1.3 The purpose of this report
More informationUnconventional Gas Market Appraisal
Unconventional Gas Market Appraisal Chris Bryceland June 2013 Agenda Headline facts Fundamentals of unconventional gas Global resources Selected markets Economic impacts Supply chain opportunities Conclusions
More informationThorpe Salvin Parish Council
Thorpe Salvin Parish Council 13 February 2017 INEOS Who Are We? A leading global chemical company Sales $40bn 17,000+ employees* 65 manufacturing sites in 16 countries including 6 in the UK 60 million
More informationShale Development: Understanding and Mitigating Risks Associated with Well Construction and Hydraulic Fracturing
Shale Development: Understanding and Mitigating Risks Associated with Well Construction and Hydraulic Fracturing Kris J. Nygaard Sr. Stimulation Consultant ExxonMobil Production Company National Academy
More informationDart Energy Limited. Developing Unconventional Value. Presentation to Proactive Investor Conference London, February 2013
Dart Energy Limited Dart s UK Shale Plays Developing Unconventional Value Presentation to Proactive Investor Conference London, February 2013 Eytan Uliel Chief Commercial Officer, DEI www.dartenergy.com.au
More information(NOTE: Unless specifically identified, the changes outlined below apply to BOTH Chapter 78 and Chapter 78a.)
DRAFT FINAL RULEMAKING 25 PA.CODE CHAPTER 78 (RELATING TO CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS WELLS) AND CHAPTER 78a (RELATING TO UNCONVENTIONAL WELLS) SUMMARY OF CHANGES FROM ANFR PUBLISHED ON APRIL 4, 2015 (NOTE:
More informationForeword 3. Terminology 5
CONTENTS Foreword 3 Terminology 5 Section 1 Introduction 7 What Legislation Applies 7 The Division Of Responsibility 8 Building Regulations Compliance In General 9 Risk Assessment and The Workplace Fire
More informationA Short Guide to: The New Public Contracts Regulations 2015
This short guide provides an overview of the new Public Contracts Regulations 2015. As readers will be aware, these Regulations implement the new EU Public Sector Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU. The
More informationClifton Marsh Landfill Variation of planning permission 05/09/0376 & 06/09/0395 for the continuation of landfilling until Non Technical Summary
Clifton Marsh Landfill Variation of planning permission 05/09/0376 & 06/09/0395 for the continuation of landfilling until 2035 Non Technical Summary SLR Consulting Limited Project Ref: 403.00079.00474
More informationPUBLIC November Dogger Bank Stakeholder Engagement Plan
PUBLIC November 2011 Dogger Bank Stakeholder Engagement Plan Dogger Bank Stakeholder Engagement Plan PUBLIC November 2011 Dogger Bank Stakeholder Engagement Plan Document no. : Contract no. (if applicable):
More informationDrilling for Natural Gas in the Marcellus and Utica Shales: Environmental Regulatory Basics
January 2014 Introduction This fact sheet provides a basic overview of natural gas drilling in the Marcellus and Utica Shale regions of Ohio and the potential environmental issues associated with these
More informationEnvironmental Risk Assessment
Cuadrilla Elswick Ltd Temporary Shale Gas Exploration Roseacre Wood, Lancashire Environmental Risk Assessment RW_ERA June 2014 Contents 1 Introduction 3 Page 1.1 Risks vs. Impacts 3 1.2 Related documentation
More informationINEOS: WORKING FOR SCOTLAND
INEOS: WORKING FOR SCOTLAND Employing 1300 skilled people Generating 4% GDP for Scotland Investing over 450m locally Competing in world markets The highest Health, Safety & Environment performance Providing
More informationContents. 03 Helping you achieve. 04 Consistency and innovation. 07 Local strength, global resource. 09 Doing business responsibly
In your favour A biased view of legal services Contents 03 Helping you achieve transformational change 04 Consistency and innovation in your day-to-day business 07 Local strength, global resource 09 Doing
More informationUpdated June International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
Updated June 2013 International Association of Oil & Gas Producers We are working for safe, sustainable exploration & development in Europe Successful exploration of gas from shale could potentially provide
More informationThe Importance of Interim Storage in the Management of Higher Activity Radioactive Waste
in the Management of Higher Activity Radioactive Waste February 2017 Contents 1. Purpose of the document 1 2. The lifecycle of HAW 1 3. Storage of HAW implementing Government policies 1 4. Storage of HAW
More informationChapter 9. Water Sourcing and Wastewater Disposal for Marcellus Shale Development in Pennsylvania
CITE AS 32 Energy & Min. L. Inst. 9 (2011) Chapter 9 Water Sourcing and Wastewater Disposal for Marcellus Shale Development in Pennsylvania Kevin J. Garber 1 Jean M. Mosites Babst Calland Clements& Zomnir,
More informationProposed New 18 CFR Part Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale and Other Formations:
Proposed New 18 CFR Part 440 - Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale and Other Formations: SUBCHAPTER B SPECIAL REGULATIONS * * * * PART 440 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN SHALE AND OTHER FORMATIONS Sec. 440.1 Purpose,
More informationOil and Gas Fast Facts and Frequently Asked Questions February 19, 2013
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Oil and Gas Fast Facts and Frequently Asked Questions February 19, 2013 FACTS Property Rights and Interests Property rights: each tract of land contains a set of rights
More informationDivision Mandates. Supervise the drilling, operation, and maintenance of wells to prevent damage to life, health, property, and natural resources.
Division Mandates Supervise the drilling, operation, and maintenance of wells to prevent damage to life, health, property, and natural resources. Supervise and permit the owners/operators to utilize all
More informationHydropower Guidance Note: HGN 7 Competing Schemes
Guidance Note Hydropower Guidance Note: HGN 7 Competing Schemes This guidance is not intended as a statement of law and should be read in combination with and in the context of the relevant enactments
More informationLocal Government and Communities Committee. Planning (Scotland) Bill. Submission from the Grassmarket Residents Association
Local Government and Communities Committee Planning (Scotland) Bill Submission from the Grassmarket Residents Association The Grassmarket is in the heart of Edinburgh Old Town, an area which in recent
More informationCommittee on Petitions NOTICE TO MEMBERS. Petition 1378/2011 by P. U. (Polish), on extraction of shale gas in Poland
European Parliament 2014-2019 Committee on Petitions 29.5.2015 NOTICE TO MEMBERS Subject: Petition 1378/2011 by P. U. (Polish), on extraction of shale gas in Poland Petition 0578/2012 by Teresa Wojda (Polish),
More informationIncident Reporting Requirements
Incident Reporting Requirements Directive PNG014 December 2016 Version 2.0 Governing Legislation: Acts: The Oil and Gas Conservation Act The Pipelines Act, 1998 Regulations: The Oil and Gas Conservation
More informationAmCham EU position on Shale Gas Development in the EU
AmCham EU position on Shale Gas Development in the EU Page 1 of 6 7 February 2014 AmCham EU position on Shale Gas Development in the EU Background A number of EU Member States are exploring the potential
More informationShale gas: an updated assessment of environmental and climate change impacts
Shale gas: an updated assessment of environmental and climate change impacts A report by researchers at the Tyndall Centre University of Manchester John Broderick Ruth Wood Paul Gilbert Maria Sharmina
More informationMANAGING THE NUCLEAR LEGACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: STRATEGIES AND PROGRESS IN THE FORMATION OF A LIABILITIES MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
MANAGING THE NUCLEAR LEGACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: STRATEGIES AND PROGRESS IN THE FORMATION OF A LIABILITIES MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Alan Edwards, Dr. Bernie L. Meyers Liabilities Management Unit Department
More informationNWT Devolution. Government of the Northwest Territories & Government of Canada. Arctic Oil and Gas Symposium March 2014
NWT Devolution Government of the Northwest Territories & Government of Canada Arctic Oil and Gas Symposium March 2014 Working Together - A Seamless Transition Information Session Overview Devolution overview
More informationWest of England Waste Management Strategy Phase 2 Contract Award
West of England Partnership Joint Waste Management Committee 27 May 2009 Agenda item 5 ii) Report of the Chief Executive West of England Waste Management Strategy Phase 2 Contract Award Recommendation:
More informationBuilding Regulations and fire safety: procedural guidance
Building Regulations and fire safety: procedural guidance Contents Foreword...2 Terminology...4 Section 1 - Introduction...5 What Legislation Applies...5 Building Regulations...5 Fire Precautions Act 1971...5
More informationCOAL AND COAL SEAM GAS REGULATION
COAL AND COAL SEAM GAS REGULATION The Australian Government protects water resources from the impacts of coal and coal seam gas development through the water trigger provisions of the Environment Protection
More informationON ARM S LENGTH. 1. Introduction. 2. Background
ADVICE FOR COUNCILLORS ON ARM S LENGTH EXTERNAL ORGANISATIONS 1. Introduction 1.1 This Advice Note, issued by the Standards Commission for Scotland (Standards Commission), aims to provide councillors with
More informationTHE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
THE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE PRE-PROJECT EXPLORATION APPRAISAL & DEVELOPMENT OPERATION CLOSURE USE Risks & Opportunities Across the Development Cycle Activities prior to the start of the individual project
More informationEffective June 17, 2013, the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) has been succeeded by the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER).
Directive 055 Addendum Directive 055 Addendum: Interim Requirements for Aboveground Synthetically- Lined Wall Storage Systems, Updates to Liner Requirements, and Optional Diking Requirements for Single-Walled
More informationApplication for Gas Exploration and Production
1800 Washington Blvd. Suite 655 Baltimore Maryland 21230 Application for Gas Exploration and Production This application is to be used to obtain a permit to Drill and Operate a well, within the State for
More informationFracking Waste in New York: What is Fracking Waste?
Fracking Waste in New York: What is Fracking Waste? The term fracking waste refers to waste produced by the extraction of oil and/or natural gas using hydraulic fracturing (fracking), either high-volume
More informationCumulative Risks of Shale Gas Development
RFF s Center for Energy Economics and Policy Cumulative Risks of Shale Gas Development Alan Krupnick, PhD Director, Center for Energy Economics and Policy Sheila Olmstead, Senior Fellow Presentation to
More informationKentucky Oil & Gas Modernization Act of 2015
Kentucky Oil & Gas Modernization Act of 2015 Follow Steptoe & Johnson on Twitter: Follow @Steptoe_Johnson ALSO FIND US ON http://www.linkedin.com/companies/216795 http://www.facebook.com/steptoe.johnson
More informationConsultation Regulatory Impact Statement
Consultation Regulatory Impact Statement Post Implementation Review of the Industry Levy to fund the petroleum and gas water functions of the Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment December 2016 This
More informationEMBEDDING SMR IS YOUR ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK EFFECTIVE?
EMBEDDING SMR IS YOUR ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK EFFECTIVE? BDO IS THE WORLD S FIFTH LARGEST ACCOUNTING NETWORK, OFFERING A CONSISTENT GLOBAL SERVICE THROUGH STRONG, LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS. OUR MARKET POSITION
More informationEUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 26 March 2009 (OR. en) 2008/0015 (COD) PE-CONS 3739/08 ENV 1044 ENER 482 IND 240 CODEC 1908
EUROPEAN UNION THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMT THE COUNCIL Brussels, 26 March 2009 (OR. en) 2008/0015 (COD) PE-CONS 3739/08 V 1044 ER 482 IND 240 CODEC 1908 LEGISLATIVE ACTS AND OTHER INSTRUMTS Subject: DIRECTIVE
More informationBarriers to the use of geothermal energy. Robert Kutschick Gaßner, Groth, Siederer & Coll. Pisa, 10th October 2013
Barriers to the use of geothermal energy Robert Kutschick Gaßner, Groth, Siederer & Coll. Pisa, 10th October 2013 The Topics Part 1 Approval process for exploration, drilling and mining I. Federal Mining
More informationProtocol for Consultation with Trade Union Safety representatives.
Protocol for Consultation with Trade Union Safety representatives. Introduction The purpose of this protocol is to outline the arrangements within the School for consulting and cooperating with Trade Union
More informationNatural Gas Extraction. Key Environmental Issues in US EPA Region 2 May 29, 2014
Natural Gas Extraction Key Environmental Issues in US EPA Region 2 May 29, 2014 Disclaimer This presentation does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, any formal or informal EPA determination,
More informationAQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES (SCOTLAND) BILL
AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES (SCOTLAND) BILL DELEGATED POWERS MEMORANDUM PURPOSE 1. This memorandum has been prepared by the Scottish Government in accordance with Rule 9.4A of the Parliament s Standing Orders,
More informationThe Voice of the Networks Energy Networks Association
The Voice of the Networks Energy Networks Association Fair and Effective Management of DNO Connection Queues: Progression Milestones Best Practice Guide 3 November 2016 1. Purpose and Objective 1.1. The
More informationENVIRONMENTAL DEFENDER S OFFICE (ACT)
Pollution control law ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENDER S OFFICE (ACT) The Environment Protection Act 1997 is the Australian Capital Territory s main legislation for managing pollution. It requires that certain activities
More informationSHALE FACTS. Production cycle. Ensuring safe and responsible operations
SHALE FACTS Production cycle Ensuring safe and responsible operations Statoil is committed to developing our shale projects in a safe, responsible and open manner. Statoil takes a long term perspective
More informationPart Two: Overview of Governance Issues 13
CONTENTS Contents Page Part One: Good Governance 7 Overall Goals of Our Study 9 Current and Emerging Governance Issues 9 Principles of Good Governance 10 How We Carried Out Our Study 11 The Structure of
More informationPennsylvania Hydraulic Fracturing State Review September, 2010
Pennsylvania Hydraulic Fracturing State Review September, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.. 4 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING Background 10 General... 10 Standards 12 Reporting 18 Staffing
More informationThe Essential Guide to the Public Sector Equality Duty
GUIDANCE The Essential Guide to the Public Sector Equality Duty England (and Non-Devolved Public Authorities in Scotland and Wales) Equality and Human Rights Commission www.equalityhumanrights.com Contents
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE. Health and Social Care Directorate. Indicator Process Guide. Published December 2017
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE Health and Social Care Directorate Indicator Process Guide Published December 2017 Please note that this is an interim factual update to the NICE Indicator
More information4.05. Groundwater Program. Chapter 4 Section. Background. Follow-up to VFM Section 3.05, 2004 Annual Report. Ministry of the Environment
Chapter 4 Section 4.05 Ministry of the Environment Groundwater Program Follow-up to VFM Section 3.05, 2004 Annual Report Chapter 4 Follow-up Section 4.05 Background Groundwater is defined as water located
More informationMINERALS COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA VICTORIAN DIVISION
H MINERALS COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA VICTORIAN DIVISION SUBMISSION TO THE INDEPENDENT INQUIRY INTO THE VICTORIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY 30 OCTOBER 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...
More informationEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Owen Struthers Development Management Branch Welsh Government
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Owen Struthers Development Management Branch Welsh Government Environmental Impact Assessment Introduction New Directive: Directive 2014/52/EU of the European Parliament
More informationplanning approval for reserved matters new requirement for environmental impact assessment
planning approval for reserved matters new requirement for environmental impact assessment May 2006 Summary On 4 May 2006, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) handed down two landmark judgments which could
More informationInterim Guidance on the Regulation of In-situ Disposals of Radioactive Waste and Residual Radioactive Contamination on Nuclear Authorised Premises
Interim Guidance on the Regulation of In-situ Disposals of Radioactive Waste and Residual Radioactive Contamination on Nuclear Authorised Premises Issue 1 May 2014 Contents 1.1 Introduction... 2 1.2 Site
More informationCDM Regulations 2015 and 2 topical issues
Health and and Safety Executive Geotechnica 9 th July 2015 Warwick CDM Regulations 2015 and 2 topical issues John Underwood HSE Construction Division Construction Sector Safety Team john.underwood@hse.gsi.gov.uk
More informationFinancial Reporting Council AUDIT TENDERS NOTES ON BEST PRACTICE
Financial Reporting Council AUDIT TENDERS NOTES ON BEST PRACTICE FEBRUARY 2017 The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is the UK s independent regulator responsible for promoting high quality corporate governance
More informationRegister of Contaminated Land Consent Conditions
Regional Contaminated Land Capacity Building Program Register of Contaminated Land Consent Conditions AUGUST 2017 Regional Contaminated Land Capacity Building Program This publication was produced by the
More informationWelsh Language Scheme Financial Conduct Authority May 2017
May 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Background to the organisation 4 Service planning and delivery 3 Policies, legislation and initiatives 5 4 Delivering services 5 5 Our regulatory functions and services
More informationLicensing Nuclear Power Plants in Canada. Ensuring Safe and Environmentally Acceptable Operations
Licensing Nuclear Power Plants in Canada Ensuring Safe and Environmentally Acceptable Operations Nuclear Power the ultimate Energy Source It s been around a long time Nuclear power closer to home Needs
More informationAudit Comm. ser ttee es. The benefits of assuring greenhouse gas emissions: Why it is important and how to get the most value from it
Audit Comm ser ttee es The benefits of assuring greenhouse gas emissions: Why it is important and how to get the most value from it charteredaccountants.com.au The Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia
More informationPlanning Statement Exploration Works Planning Application
Temporary Shale Gas Exploration, Lancashire Exploration Works Planning Application PNR_PL_-Exploration Works May 2014 Contents 1 Introduction 3 Page 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 The Applicant 3 1.3 The planning
More informationReview of Mine Safety Regulations UNECE Ad Hoc Group of Experts on CMM. Victoria Burn Associate Norton Rose LLP 16 October 2008
Review of Mine Safety Regulations UNECE Ad Hoc Group of Experts on CMM Victoria Burn Associate Norton Rose LLP 16 October 2008 Fourth Session of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Coal Mine Methane Geneva,
More informationInjection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal. Long-term reliability and environmental protection
Injection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal Long-term reliability and environmental protection ACHIEVE MULTIPLE GOALS FOR LIQUID-WASTE DISPOSAL INJECTION WELLS Expertly located, designed, constructed, and
More informationLoch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park Authority. Annual internal audit report Year ended 31 March 2015
Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park Authority Annual internal audit report Year ended 31 March 2015 Contents This report is for: Information Chief executive Audit committee Jaki Carnegie, director
More informationSafely Harvesting Energy
ONTARIO OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION Safely Harvesting Energy An Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing in Ontario A Briefing Note prepared by the: Ontario Petroleum Institute Executive Summary The Ontario
More informationAustralian Financial Markets Association. Principles relating to product approval - retail structured financial products
Australian Financial Markets Association Principles relating to product approval - retail structured financial products October 2012 Copyright in this publication is owned by the Australian Financial Markets
More informationIndonesia update: Tariff framework for renewable energy
September 2017 Indonesia update: Tariff framework for renewable energy In brief On 7 August 2017, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia ( MEMR ) enacted Regulation No.
More informationEO100 &Standard&Technical&Addendum& EO100!for!Shale!Oil!&!Gas!Operations!
EO100 &Standard&Technical&Addendum& EO100.1:ShaleOil&GasOperations OWNER: SUBJECT: BoardofDirectors,EquitableOriginStandardsLLC EO100 forshaleoil&gasoperations DATE: 3/13/2015 EDITION: USAGE: Final Draft_X_
More informationThe Opportunities, Challenges, and Unknowns of Shale Gas Exploration
The Opportunities, Challenges, and Unknowns of Shale Gas Exploration H. A L L E N K L A I B E R A S S I S T A N T P R O F E S S O R, A E D E C O N O M I C S T H E O H I O S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y
More informationEnvironmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia
Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia Fact Sheet Updated February 2011 An introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia Environmental impact assessment under the Environmental
More informationPETERHEAD LOW CARBON GAS POWER CCS PROJECT
PETERHEAD LOW CARBON GAS POWER CCS PROJECT USEA Washington April 25, 2014 Peterhead Power plant Scotland Dr. Wilfried Maas PhD General Manager Technology, Carbon Capture demonstration projects Royal Dutch
More informationPrinces Square Shopping Centre Sustainability Policy. June 2014
Princes Square Shopping Centre Sustainability Policy June 2014 Contents 2 Sustainability Policy Princes Square s Environmental Management System (EMS) describes our strategy for managing our environmental
More informationAct Government Agency Responsible Area of regulation Mining Act 1992 ( Mining Act ) Department of Industry. Division of Resources and Energy,
FACTSHEET MINING AND COAL SEAM GAS LAND ACCESS This factsheet covers the following topics: Mining and Petroleum Regulation; and Land Access for Mining and Coal Seam Gas. Mining and Petroleum Regulation
More informationHelp Sheet 1: Legislative Processes in the United Kingdom
1 Help Sheet 1: Legislative Processes in the United Kingdom Introduction This Help Sheet is designed for readers who are not familiar with the system of legislation in the United Kingdom. It provides a
More informationSurrey County Council: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Screening Opinion Report
Surrey County Council: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Screening Opinion Report Prepared under Regulation 6 of the Town & Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017 Site:
More informationDe-Energisation Code of Practice
De-Energisation Code of Practice NIE Power Networks Changes for SEM/IME Implementation Issued 30 th August 2007 30/08/2007 DE-ENERGISATION CODE OF PRACTICE Contents Revision History... 3 1. Introduction...
More informationNear-surface Disposal Facilities on Land for Solid Radioactive Wastes
Near-surface Disposal Facilities on Land for Solid Radioactive Wastes Guidance on Requirements for Authorisation February 2009 ENVIRONMENT AGENCY NORTHERN IRELAND ENVIRONMENT AGENCY SCOTTISH ENVIRONMENT
More informationContaminated Land - Managing the Risk
Contaminated Land - Managing the Risk Signatures removed from electronic version Submitted by... Peter Wigley Nominated Responsible Manager Approved by... Tom Stevenson Chairman, Civil Engineering Subject
More informationLegal barriers to CCS
Legal barriers to CCS Mette Karine Gravdahl Agerup Assistant Director General Norwegian Bali, 19 March 2009 The world needs energy Global energy demand will increase by 55% by 2030 84% of global energy
More informationPUBLIC WIFI FROM EE SOLUTION TERMS
1. Interpretation 1.1 The Public WiFi from EE Solution (referred to in these Solution Terms as "Public WiFi" or the "Solution") is provided in accordance with the Customer s Agreement with EE. 1.2 Solution
More informationGermany: Energy Briefing
Germany: Energy Briefing February 2014 Contents Introduction 01 1. Amended Remuneration 02 2. Compulsory Direct Marketing 03 3. Tender Procedures 04 4. Self Consumption, Support for 04 Energy Intensive
More informationProgress in setting up combined authorities
Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General Department for Communities and Local Government Progress in setting up combined authorities HC 240 SESSION 2017 2019 6 JULY 2017 4 Key facts Progress in setting
More informationEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Oil & Gas and Power Projects
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Oil & Gas and Power Projects Insert then choose Picture select your picture. Right click your picture and Send to back. August 6-8 th, 2014 Craig A. Reid Partner,
More informationLNP Policy for a Sustainable Coal Seam Gas Industry
LNP POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUSTAINABLE COAL SEAM GAS INDUSTRY IN QUEENSLAND INTRODUCTION Queensland is a State rich in energy and resources. A prosperous, well managed resources sector is critical
More information