APES chapter 1 Test Review

Transcription

1 APES chapter 1 Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is an example of a nonpoint source of pollution? a. pesticides in the air c. volcano e. power plant b. drainpipe d. car exhaust pipe 2. The primary difference between renewable resources and nonrenewable resources is _. a. how fast each is being consumed b. how easily each can be discovered c. how quickly each can produce electricity d. the length of time it takes for each to be replenished e. the available amount of each resource 3. According to the World Bank, about how many people worldwide live in extreme poverty? a. 900 million c. 1 million e. 90 million b. 9 million d. 40 million Use the graphs above to answer the following three questions. 4. From the bar graph you can infer that Africa s ecological footprint is no greater than a. 8%. b. 12%. c. 26%. d. 20%. e. 5%. 5. India s per capita ecological footprint is approximately a. equal to China s ecological footprint. b. 1/10 of China s ecological footprint. c. 1/5 of China s ecological footprint. d. 2X China s ecological footprint.

2 e. 1/2 of China s ecological footprint. 6. All of the following ways would help reduce the projected ecological footprint EXCEPT a. recycling nonrenewable metallic resources. b. reusing resources over and over. c. using shared resources at rates well below their estimated sustainable yields. d. converting open-access resources to private ownership. e. continuing reliance on the current fossil fuel based, automobile-centered economy. 7. In the year 2000, what was the earth s ecological footprint? a. 2.0 earths b. 1 earth c. 1.2 earths d. 0.5 earth e. 1.5 earths 8. The figure illustrates I. the conservation of energy. II. a cycle. III. the conservation of matter. a. II only b. I, II, and III c. I only d. I and II e. I and III 9. A forest with plants, animals, and various other organisms is an example of a(n) _. a. ecosystem c. nutrient e. life-support system b. species d. ecology 10. Volcanic gases in the atmosphere are considered a type of _. a. renewable resource c. pollution e. nonrenewable resource b. cultural change d. natural capital degradation 11. What are the priorities for more sustainable use of renewable resources, in order?

3 a. recycle, renew, reuse, and reduce d. resource, recycle, renew, and reduce b. refuse, renew, reduce, and recycle e. refuse, reduce, recycle, and renew c. refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle 12. Solar energy is known as a(n) _. a. inexhaustible resource d. recyclable resource b. renewable resource e. nonrenewable resource c. reusable resource 13. The degradation of commonly held resources is known as (phrase) a. government regulation d. the tragedy of the commons b. pollution e. sustainable yield c. open-access degradation Use the graph above to answer the next three questions. 14. Both dotted lines assume that population will a. decrease b. stabilize. c. increase exponentially. d. increase at a linear rate. e. collapse. 15. In what year did the human population reach 6 billion? a bc b ad c bc d bc e ad 16. The graph illustrates which type of growth? a. Parabolic b. Inverse c. Linear d. Exponential e. Logistic 17. Which of the below is an example of the tragedy of the commons?

4 a. Shrimp boats accidentally catching turtles in their nets b. Treaties allowing for the limited taking of whales for research purposes c. A large storm smothering a large oyster bed with a new sand bar d. Individuals catching their legal limit of fish on a daily basis e. Offshore clam beds in public areas depleted below replenishment levels by overfishing 18. According to a number of environmental scientists, we already know how to reuse or recycle at least _ of the nonrenewable resources we use. a. 80% b. 25% c. 50% d. 40% e. 65% 19. More-developed countries comprise of the world s population a. have a lower average income d. rely entirely on nonrenewable resources b. use mostly renewable resources e. provide fewer recycling services c. comprise 17% of the world s population 20. What viewpoint embodies the idea that we should be responsible, caring managers of the earth? a. The environmental wisdom worldview b. The environmental justice movement c. The renewable worldview d. The stewardship worldview e. The planetary management worldview 21. What is the set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world should be? a. environmental economics d. environmental capital b. environmental ethics e. environmental justice c. environmental worldview 22. In the IPAT equation, the P stands for a. population size d. pollution b. per capita ecological footprint e. poverty c. percent 23. growth starts off slowly, but after only a few doublings, grows at an enormous rate. a. Linear c. Resource e. Exponential b. Logarithmic d. Parallel 24. What term describes the highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply? a. degradation c. perpetual resource e. preservation b. sustainable yield d. conservation 25. Sustainability refers to _. a. the way in which the natural world works b. the capacity of the earth s natural systems to survive, flourish, and adapt c. refusing, reducing, reusing, and recycling d. human methods of coping with environmental problems e. how we interact with the environment

5 26. Which revolution began about 50 years ago and involved the development of technologies for gaining rapid access to all kinds of information and resources on a global scale? a. The industrial-medical revolution d. The agricultural revolution b. The technology revolution e. The sustainability revolution c. The information-globalization revolution 27. The real prices of goods and services do not include the a. environmental costs of resource use d. cost of manufacturing b. cost of raw materials e. cost of advertising c. cost of distribution 28. What is an example of a point source of pollution? a. fertilizer runoff from lawns d. runoff from cropland b. a smokestack from a power plant e. wind carrying dirt and pesticides from croplands c. runoff from a stockyard 29. Using normally renewable resources faster than nature can renew them is called _. a. nutrient cycling d. trade-offs b. sustainability e. nutrient deficit c. degrading natural capital 30. Pollution from which of the following is an example of point source pollution? a. Oil spills from leaky pipelines b. Runoff from Midwestern farms c. Fertilizers from agricultural fields d. Smoke from an industrial plant smokestack e. Pesticides from farmlands 31. Solutions to environmental problems are not always easy. This is because a. there is only one correct answer to environmental problems. b. laws must always be written to solve the environmental problem c. any solution has both advantages and disadvantages. d. it means that people will suffer. e. once a solution is suggested it can never be changed. 32. Topsoil is an important component of cycling. a. nutrient cycling c. ecosystems e. win-win solutions b. biodiversity d. natural resources 33. The first major cultural change that occurred in the human population was the _. a. technological revolution d. agricultural revolution b. sustainability revolution e. industrial-medical revolution c. information-globalization revolution 34. What is the best description of natural income? a. income based on government subsidies b. nonrenewable resources created by humans c. excess resources remaining after our ecological footprint d. renewable resources provided by the earth s natural capital

6 e. new and alternative resources created by humans 35. An average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area is known as (phrase). a. per capita ecological footprint d. sustainable yield b. per capita gross GNP e. ecological footprint c. per capita GDP