Pumped hydro energy storage: Teaching old dogs new tricks. ECI Open Day Matthew Stocks, Bin Lu and Andrew Blakers

Transcription

1 Pumped hydro energy storage: Teaching old dogs new tricks ECI Open Day 2016 Matthew Stocks, Bin Lu and Andrew Blakers

2 Motivation Large penetration of renewable energy in Australian electricity markets No heroic assumptions Energy generation dominated by wind and PV Maintain existing hydro and biomass No geothermal, CST, tidal, wave

3 GW pa New generation capacity worldwide Added in 2014 Added in 2015 Wind + PV 50% worldwide 100% in Australia Wind + PV grew 19% Everything else shrank scale gap

4 Challenge intermittent renewables Wind and PV are intermittent Energy supply depends on weather Can forecast but not control generation Balancing supply and demand requires dispatchable generation, flexible demand, and/or storage

5 World wide energy storage Established technology Pumped hydro 97% of all storage Source

6 Tumut-3 (Snowy Mountains), MW x 6 units (36 h), 150 m Wivenhoe (Queensland), MW x 2 units (10 h), 50 m Existing Australian PHES Shoalhaven (NSW), MW x 2 units (Bendeela), 130 m; 80 MW x 2 units (Kangaroo Valley), 480 m

7 STORES Short Term Off River Energy Storage Generator efficiency 90% Gravitational field strength 10 N/kg Gravitational potential energy = m g h η Mass of water Hydraulic head Closely-spaced, large altitude difference ( metres) No interaction with the ecology of river system No conflict with nature conservation, no competition with intensive land uses In close proximity to transmission lines maximising network benefits

8 Coffin Butte PHES Approx. 150 km east of Helena, Montana US Altitude difference 320 m with 1.5 km of distance Upper/lower reservoirs: 20 hectares with 15 m of dam height, storing 3 GL of water Power & storage capacities: 250 MW with 9 hours of storage Source Absaroka Energy

9 ARENA STORES Project Aims Atlas of all potential off-river pumped hydro energy sites in Australia To be publically available on AREMI Cost model for pumped hydro energy storage Simulations of supply/demand energy balance with PV, wind and PHES at national, state and regional level

10 Victoria/NSW Land area needed for off-river PHES GIS site identification Distributed along Great Dividing Range Terrain Land use Infrastructure Transmission

11 Cost model Tender for publically available cost model Power system costs Generator, pump/turbines, powerhouse. Reservoir costs Penstock (piping cost) Infrastructure Connection to transmission, roads Enable ranking of identified sites

12 Supply/demand modelling Optimise system for energy balance Historic NEM demand data Historic weather (wind and insolation data) Retain existing hydro and biomass generation Use genetic algorithm to optimise wind/pv/phes Size and location

13 Supply/demand modelling NEM 100% RE Key PV farm/rooftop PV 2 x ± 400 kv Wind farm (submarine) HVDC (submarine) HVDC (overhead/underground) Source Australian Energy Resource Assessment (AERA)

14 100% renewable scenarios PV (GW/TWh) Wind (GW/TWh) PHES Spillage (GW/h) (%) Levelised Cost of Balancing ($/MWh) Levelised Cost of Generation ($/MWh) Levelised Cost of Electricity ($/MWh) PHES ($/MWh) HVDC &AC ($/MWh) Spillage & loss ($/MWh) Unconstrained 23 / / / 31 7% <12h PHES 26 / / / 12 17% No North Qld 25 / / / 33 10%

15 Conclusions 100% renewables feasible with no heroic assumptions PV + Wind + Pumped Hydro Many more sites available than required Design flexibility Thanks to ARENA, Electranet and VTara

16 Water consumption (GL) WA (SWIS) case study Mining 271 Manufacturing 58 Others 320 Gas industry MW with 8 h of storage Qld Kidston 250 MW, 6 h US Coffin Butte 250 MW, 9 h Agriculture 296 Electricity & gas 33 Household 339 Off-river Pumped hydro 4.8 Fossil-fuel power stations 18 Water consumption Coal 1.5 L/kWh Natural gas 0.56 L/kWh Off-river pumped hydro 0.26 L/kWh Water sources Nearby water sources (pipelines, channels or water trucks) Source Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)