BEAST PROJECT. Energy Planning of Island Systems for Maximum Renewable Energy Penetration

Transcription

1 BEAST PROJECT Workshop with university profesors and students Energy Planning of Island Systems for Maximum Renewable Energy Penetration Salvador Suárez Canary Islands Institute of Technology Las Palmas 17 May, 2016

2 THE CANARY ISLANDS Energy Framework 2.1 mill. inhabitants, 12 mill. tourists/year Total energy dependence on external resources Electricity generation from fossil fuels (oil); low heat demand Isolated (insular) electrical systems Lack of water resources (extremely low rainfall) Insular dimension: strategic need to maximise the use of endogenous resources (energy+water for self-sufficiency)

3 ENERGY BALANCE 2013 CANARY ISLANDS Bunkers toe STOCK toe Navegation toe toe Others toe toe toe Energía primaria Interior Tep GDP (mil ) Nunber of residents Primary energy intensity 0,13 Tep/k Per capita energy consumption 1,54 Tep/hab Per capita elec. Consumption kwh/hab Electricity energy intensity 0,21 kwh/ Electricity generation toe Heat toe Electricity toe Transmission Losses toe toe toe toe toe Public toe buildings

4 ELECTRIC POWER AND ENERGY (2013) TOTAL Power (MW) 3.040,9 Energy (GWh) 9.078,6 LANZAROTE EERR 7,26% (658,76 GWh) TENERIFE Power (MW) 251,0 Energy(GWh) LA GOMERA Power (MW) 23,2 Energy(GWh) 71,2 LA PALMA Power(MW) 117,7 Energy(GWh) 262,4 EL HIERRO Power(MW) 15,1 Energy(GWh) 45,9 Power (MW) 1.270,6 Energy(GWh) GRAN CANARIA Power (MW) 1.150,3 Energy (GWh) 3.585,3 FUERTEVENTURA Power (MW) 213,0 Energy (GWh) 664,9

5 Solar Potential Hours of sun> h/year Radiation 6 kwh/m 2 -day Wind Potencial Average wind spead of 6 to 8 m/s Production in the Canary Islands: h. eq.

6 PECAN (Energy Plan for Canary Islands) 2006: RES objectives 2015 Type 2006 PECAN (2015) Wind 137 MW MW Hydro 1,3 MW 13,6 MW* Solar Photovoltaic 0,6 MW 160 MW Solar Thermal m m 2 Solar Thermoelectric 30 MW Biofuels 30 MW Waves 50 MW

7 Differences between island energy demand and generation from wind energy systems Electrical demand RESTRICTIONS OF THE ISLANDS ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Small and weak electrical grids Important restriction regarding RES integration RES GENERATION Contribution of RES electricity in: 7.13% ( GWh) - Wind power, 3.98%, MW - Solar energy (PV), 3.14%, 179.4MWp Ambitious goals set by the Regional Government New challenges in the operation of the ele islands systems Fuente Wind generation

8 INTEGRATION OF RES INTEGRATION OF NON-DISPATCHABLE RES Difficulties of power balance when the spinning reserve is exhausted due to a high and low unmanageable demand and RES supply This situation forces the curtailment of wind farms generation NEED FOR FLEXIBLE GENERATION TECHNOLOGY OF DISPATCHABLE UNITS Fossil-based generation has to balance variability of unmanageable RES and fluctuating energy demand TSO faces challenges for maintaining security and quality of supply under increasing penetration of non- dispatchable RES New challenges in power generation units The technical feasibility of each independent island electrical systems to handle the integration of ever larger contingents of non-manageable RES generation requires: - More manageable and flexible generating units - Fast and efficient generation units with low technical minimum

9 BALANCE GENERATION - DEMAND Technical limitations and difficulties to manage power fluctuations in small electrical grids. High penetration of intermittent RES generated electricity induces stability problems in the small and weak electrical islands electrical grids.

10 MAXIMIZING PENETRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES The need for enacting policies to support renewable energy is often attributed to a variety of barriers that prevent investments from occurring. Barriers to renewable energy penetration in Islands electric power systems Electric System Land Planning Economic-Administrative issues Estrategy for maximizing RES penetration Grid stability studies Energy storage Forecasting of wind and sun Demand Management Distributed generation

11 Analysis of the Lanzarote-Fuerteventura electrical system Stationary and dynamic stability studies of the electrical grid to realistically asses the RES penetration limits, and cost effective solutions to reinforce the grids Modelling on PSAT Lanzarote: Peak laod 170,30 MW Punta Grande 244,24 MW Diésel and gas turbine Interconnection 66 kv Playa Blanca Corralejo 132 kv Playa Blanca La Oliva Isladelanzarote.com Modelling on PSS E v32. Las Salinas 187,43 MW Diésel and gas turbine fuerteventuradiario.com Fuerteventura Peak load 123,80 MW

12 PV AND WIND FORECASTING Reliable wind and solar forecasting is possible through the development of climate models. An important tool for electrical generation programming that would make a maximum use of available RES MEASUREMENT STATIONS NETWORK 23 Radiometric stations 33 Wind stations WEATHER FORECAST SERVICE: to estimate the energy to be injected in the grid by photovoltaic and wind generators within a 6-96 hours time horizon (MM5, WRF). NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction): Modells MM5/WRF y post processing with artificial intelligence techniques.

13 Technical Solutions Wind-Pumped- Hydro System of El Hierro Lower Reservoir Upper Reservoir Hydro Power Station Wind Farm Control Pumping Station Desalination Plant

14 HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY CARRIER 1 atm 0 ºC 3 kwh Thermal energy H 2 Electricity 4.5 kwh/nm³h g de H bar 89.9 g de H litros Fuel cells η = 50 % Electricity 1.5 kwh 1.5 kwh Heat

15 HYDROGEN: ITC S most relevant RES H2 projects RES2H2 H 2 energy vector Practical experiences allowing ITC to progress on the H 2 technologies learning curve HYDROBUS HYDROHYBRID H2 automotive fuel With MW of wind-power (PECAN: target 2015), and by using energy surpluses from valley time, H2 could be produced to feed 600 urban buses.

16 DEMAND MANAGEMENT: Electric cars 30% of oil consumed in the internal market goes to the road transport sector. Peak shaving: More than 1 million vehicles could charge at valley hours of the electric demand curve

17 EFFICIENCY OF EVS VERSUS ICEV Electricity produced in a centralized way in the fossil fuel power plants of the archipelago, will always be more efficient than burning fuel on vehicles equipped with ICE, with an efficiency of approximately 20%. Thermal efficiency of generation technologies installed in the Canary Islands With average 35% efficiency in Generation, and 63%: Transport and Distribution, Battery charge, Battery discharge, Conversion of mechanical power from the electric motor. Overall efficiency of 22% for EVs Thermal efficiency Vapour (Rankine) 35 % Diesel 46 % Gas 23 % Combined Cycles 47 % The benefits of EVs is that power is partly generated by RES, depending on the energy mix of the island

18 DEMAND MANAGEMENT Desalinated freshwater European reference The first European seawater desalination plant was installed in Lanzarote island (1964) Currently, freshwater total demand is 200 hm 3 /year (more than 650,000 m³/day installed, approx. 2% world capacity) All desalination technologies installed (VC, MED, MSF, OI, EDR, SOLAR STILLS..) Seawater 430,000 m³/d 167 plants Brackish water Reclaimed wastewater 150,000 m³/d 146 plants 66,000 m³/d 12 plants

19 THE CANARY ISLANDS > 2.5 GW installed power, approx GWh total el. consumption 15% of electricity consumed in water cycle Structure of internal fossil fuels market Electricity generation 55,6% Road Transport 29,9% Combined waterelectricity production 2,4% Other (Industrial, Residential...) 12,1%

20 ITC s MICROGRID TESTING PLATFOTM: Distributed generation lab Power electronics lab LABORATORIO DE ELECTRÓNICA DE POTENCIA

21 Stand-Alone RES Systems Punta Jandía Wind Diesel System, Fuerteventura SDAWES WT WT UPS SM F 8 x ROVC EDRSW PUMPS T 1:1

22 Microgrid for La Graciosa Objectives Minimizing the needs for fossil fuels to satisfy the electricity demands from households, productive activities and public services, by maximizing the penetration of RES. Electrric Loads 658 permanent residents 342 houses Currently there is a submarine cable connection with power capacity of 1,030 kw, and a yearly electric consumption of kwh. Minimum power Maximum power 204,08 kw 668,00 kw

23 Microgrid for La Graciosa The microgrid will combine photovoltaic, wind and diesel systems to supply, in a stand alone mode, the electrical needs of the island of La Graciosa. Energy storage: batteries Batteries Control and power conditioning unit Loads

24 SOLAR COLLECTORS TESTING LABORATORY (LABSOL) TESTS UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Exposure tests Internal Thermal Shock External Thermal Shock High-Temperature withstand Internal pressure Rain penetration Mechanical load Steady-state and external output Effective thermal capability and time constant Angle of incidence modifier Materials Corrosion UNE-EN :2006

25 Renewable Energies training at ITC Project developers may lack sufficient technical, financial, and business development skills. Managers, engineers, architects, lenders, or planners may lack information about RES technology characteristics, economic and financial costs and benefits, geographical resources, operating and maintenance requirements and sources of finance. Training on all educational levels: Installation, operation, and maintenance courses that will contribute to improve workers technical skills and increase their productivity. 45

26 Thank you! Salvador Suárez