Normal Children's Discovery Museum, LEED Silver:

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1 Normal Children's Discovery Museum, LEED Silver: Post Occupancy Energy Performance October 28, 2010 Hosted by: USGBC Illinois Chapter, Central Illinois Branch Sponsored by: ASHRAE Central Illinois Chapter 1

2 Adrian Gurga Smart Energy Design Assistance Center University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1 E. St. Mary s Rd Champaign, IL (217) (800) SEDAC process Client applies Utility bill analysis and benchmark Site inspection and walkthrough Energy modeling Submittal of written report Follow-up 1

3 Adrian Gurga Smart Energy Design Assistance Center University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1 E. St. Mary s Rd Champaign, IL (217) (800) SEDAC process Client applies Utility bill analysis and benchmark Site inspection and walkthrough Energy modeling Submittal of written report Follow-up 2

4 The Problem Energy use higher than expected Natural Gas Electricity 4,000 3,500 3,000 Billed therms LEED model 80,000 70,000 60,000 2,500 50,000 therms 2,000 1,500 kwh 40,000 30,000 1,000 20, Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 10,000 0 Billed kwh LEED model Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Utility data from

5 What is Energy Modeling? A computer model that simulates a building's energy related features on an hourly basis in order to project the energy consumption of a given design. 4

6 Energy Modeling Inputs/Outputs Inputs: Climate and location Envelope HVAC equipment Lighting Plug loads (computers, exhibits, etc.) Schedules Outputs: Projected energy use Building temperature profiles Thermal loads HVAC sizing 5

7 What software was used? Trane Trace 700 version 6.2 Strengths: More HVAC system types Better HVAC load calculations More airflow options Weaknesses: Not true 3d model Poorer shading calculations (no self-shading) 6

8 Known Model Inputs HVAC equipment (plans) Lighting (plans) Envelope (plans) Plug loads (observation) Climate and location (known) 7

9 Unknown Model Inputs Schedule of occupants, HVAC, lighting, plug loads, etc. Ventilation rates Infiltration rates 8

10 Explaining the Problem through a process of elimination Increasing occupancy schedule Increasing lighting operation Increasing plug load operation Increasing HVAC operation 9

11 The Explanation HVAC is suspect Natural Gas Electricity 4,000 3,500 3,000 Billed therms LEED model 80,000 70,000 60,000 2,500 50,000 therms 2,000 1,500 kwh 40,000 30,000 1,000 20, Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 10,000 What was changed? Infiltration rate increased Ventilation rate increased Plug loads added Exterior lighting added Fan power specified instead of auto sized by software 0 Billed kwh LEED model Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 10

12 The Explanation HVAC is suspect Natural Gas Electricity 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 Billed therms LEED model SEDAC model 1 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 therms 2,000 kwh 40,000 1,500 30,000 1, Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 20,000 10,000 What was changed? Infiltration rate increased Ventilation rate increased Plug loads added Exterior lighting added Fan power specified instead of auto sized by software 0 Billed kwh LEED model SEDAC mode 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 11

13 The Explanation HVAC is suspect Natural Gas Electricity therms Billed therms SEDAC model 2 LEED model SEDAC model 1 kwh 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40, , Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 20,000 10,000 What was changed? Infiltration rate increased Ventilation rate increased Plug loads added Exterior lighting added Fan power specified instead of auto sized by software 0 Billed kwh SEDAC model 2 LEED model SEDAC mode 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 12

14 Summary The building was using more energy than expected Through a process of elimination, energy modeling showed that only increased airflow and fan use could account for an overconsumption of this magnitude The client was forwarded to DCEO s Retrocommissioning Program 13

Beaufort Street Normal, Illinois McNally Engineers Ltd.

15 Understanding Discrepancies in Post-Occupancy Energy Performance Case: Children s Discovery Museum 101 E. Beaufort Street Normal, Illinois McNally Engineers Ltd. Lindenhurst, Illinois October 28, 2010

16 Issues Actual electricity and gas use was significantly higher than pre-construction predictions. The problem had been in existence for about five years.

17 Probable Causes? Was the pre-construction model too aggressive? Was the building not built as designed? Was the building not functioning as envisioned? Design faults Implementation faults

18 Design Kudos Rooftop units had heat recovery devices and controls. The building had a building automation system RTU construction was high quality. RTU s had tight sealing, close tolerance dampers. South Windows had external shades First level West windows had an over hang More than normal insulation in roof Low-energy lighting Lighting control system (time clock control, dimming)

19 Design Challenges Zoning of HVAC systems caused extreme space temperature fluctuations Sub-zone controls either non-existent or non-functional. Improper thermostat locations in exhibit areas.

20 Implementation Challenges - BAS Only one time of day schedule was used for all thermal systems when there were at least three types of occupancy patterns: Exhibit areas Offices Shop Lack of an optimum start function caused extra gas and electricity to be used A configuration error caused energy to be wasted. The owner was not trained to operate the BAS system, hence the operating BAS system was never changed.

21 Implementation Challenges - Lighting Time clock schedule hard to define; impossible to change. Hence, it was not used. Light harvesting partial implementation Dimming feature not implemented. RESULT The owner was not empowered to use the system, hence it was operated using only the central ON/OFF feature. Many lights were left on 24/7.

22 How Were the Root Causes Discovered? The causes had to be operational or waste related. The building was observed late at night. Certain space temperatures were monitored with data loggers Power use of a blower motor of a rooftop unit was monitored.

23 First Floor From CDM Website T L LEGEND T L L Space Thermostat Data Logger Location (First Deployment (2/4/10-2/19/10) (Third Deployment (3/24/10-4/19/10) Data Logger Location (Second Deployment (2/19/10- x/x/10) North

24 Second Floor From CDM Website T L LEGEND T L L Space Thermostat Data Logger Location (First Deployment (2/4/10-2/19/10) (Third Deployment (3/24/10-4/19/10) Data Logger Location (Second Deployment (2/19/10- x/x/10) North

25 Third Floor From CDM Website T T L Note: This space served by RTU-3. T1: 2/4/10-2/19/10 L T2: 2/4/10-2/19/10 L LEGEND T Space Thermostat L Data Logger Location (First Deployment (2/4/10-2/19/10) (Third Deployment (3/24/10-4/19/10) North L Data Logger Location (Second Deployment (2/19/10-3/11/10)

26 Third Floor-Classroom Temperature profile [2/4/10-2/19/10] T1

27 Third Floor-Classroom Temperature profile [2/4/10-2/19/10] T1

28 Third Floor-Classroom Temperature profile What it Should Look Like [2/4/10-2/19/10] T1

29 Third Floor-Exhibit Space RTU-3 Blower Current and Mixed Air Temperature Profiles [2/4/10-2/19/10] T3

30 Third Floor-Exhibit Space Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Visible Light Profiles [2/4/10-2/19/10] T2

31 T1- Third Floor Staff Conference Room, 2 nd Deployment (2/19-3/11)

32 T1- Third Floor Staff Conference Room, 2 nd Deployment (2/19-3/11)

33 T1- First, Second, and Third Deployments 3fl.Classrm. Before Tstat moved 3fl.Classrm. After Tstat moved 3fl.Conference On Travel 3rd flr Classroom Before Tstat moved 3rd flr Conference Room (Staff Area) 3rd flr Classroom After Tstat moved

34 CDM- Main Power Longer Day Everything is turned ON at Midnight. Some things are turned OFF from 9PM until Midnight. Midnight start-up removed.

35 CDM- Main Power Shorter Day Everything is turned ON at Midnight. Some things are turned OFF from 6PM until Midnight. Midnight start-up removed.

How Were Measures Quantified? Using Energy Plus Energy analysis program, a series of models were prepared. The initial model mimicked gas and electric bills.

36 How Were Measures Quantified? Using Energy Plus Energy analysis program, a series of models were prepared. The initial model mimicked gas and electric bills. Conservation measures were added to successive runs of the E+ models. The energy use of the final model was at the expected LEED level. Visualization of Energy Plus Model for CDM.

37 Retro-Commissioning Measures Evaluated I. PROJECTS Description M-1: Move thermostats in Exhibit Areas M-2: Stop Midnight Start-up of RTUs to BAS M-3: Add Anticipated Start to BAS M-4: Add Separate HVAC Schedules to BAS M-5: Schedule Training Session on BAS Operation M-6 Add Volume Control of Staff Conf. Area Air M-7: Install Thermostat Damper Control in Classrooms (4) M-8: Review Heat Wheel Operation & Logic M-9: Schedule Control of Lighting w/ P-button Overrides M-10: Add Motion sensor Ltg. Control in Bsmt. & 10 Toilets M-11: Add Motion sensor Ltg. Control in Classrooms (4) M-12: Add Master, Timed Overrides of HVAC, Ltg M-13: Repair Smoke Damper on First Floor South Note: Energy Plus Baseline Model (for Budgetworks) includes none of these measures. Energy Plus Budget Model (for Budgetworks) includes all these measures.

38 How Can the Building be Kept On-Target? On-going monitoring is key. Compare what is expected with what actually occurs. This can be done with utility bills. Or it can be done with a system that compares actual energy use from meters on-site with budgeted energy as determined by the same Energy Plus models used to estimate savings.

39 CDM: ACTUAL, BASELINE and BUDGET Actual electricity Use Baseline Use Budget (Targeted) Use

40 Budgetworks: ACTUAL, BASELINE and BUDGET Energy Plus is the BASELINE / BUDGET engine in Budgetworks.

41 ACTUAL WASTE: (ACTUAL - BUDGET)

42 ACTUAL SAVINGS: (BASELINE - ACTUAL)

43 POTENTIAL SAVINGS: (BASELINE - BUDGET)

44 ACTUAL COST

45 End

LIBRARY ENERGY WALK- THROUGH. Andy Robinson, Training and Education, SEDAC

LIBRARY ENERGY WALK- THROUGH. Andy Robinson, Training and Education, SEDAC LIBRARY ENERGY WALK- THROUGH Andy Robinson, Training and Education, SEDAC ILLINOIS ENERGY NOW University of Illinois 360 Energy Group 2 WHAT WE DO SEDAC Free Services Outreach and Training Energy Assistance