Comparison of Lumped and Distributed Hydrologic Models for the Runoff Simulation of a Large Watershed in Alabama and Mississippi
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1 Comparison of Lumped and Distributed Hydrologic Models for the Runoff Simulation of a Large Watershed in Alabama and Mississippi Jairo N. Diaz-Ramirez Billy E. Johnson William H. McAnally James L. Martin Northern Gulf Institute Conference Mobile, AL May 19, 2010
2 Outline The BASINS/HSPF Model The WMS/GSSHA Model Goal Study Area Model Setup Model Evaluation Model Results Conclusions Products Ongoing Work Acknowledgments
3 The BASINS/HSPF Model BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point Sources), FR 1996 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Data (Weather, water quality) Tools (GIS, Met Generation) Models (HSPF, SWMM, AQUATOX, WASP) HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program FORTRAN) Supported by EPA Modular program with capacity of simulation hydrologic cycle, erosion, sediment transport, nutrients, pesticides, and in-stream water quality Used successfully since 80 s in USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Africa.
4 The WMS/GSSHA Model The Watershed Modeling System, first released 1994 Brigham Young University, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, and Aquaveo LLC. Tools (GIS, watershed delineation) Models (HECs, TR-20, TR-55, HSPF, SWMM, GSSHA, CEQUAL-W2) GSSHA (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis), Supported by USACE/ERDC It is a physics-based, distributed, hydrologic, sediment and constituent fate and transport model Hydrology Features: 2D overland flow, 1D streamflow, 1D infiltration, and 2D groundwater
5 HSPF and GSSHA Characteristic HSPF GSSHA Area Representation Sub-watersheds Squared grids Relesed Supported USEPA/AQUATERRA USACE/ERDC Pre/Post Processor BASINS/GenScn WMS Scale Small/Large Watershed Plot/Field/Small Watershed Simulation Period Continuous Event/Continuous Simulation Time Step Hourly <1 minute Infiltration Power function Green&Ampt, Richards Overland Flow Chezy-Manning 2D Diffusive Wave Stream Channel Routing storage-based or nonlinear reservoir methods and user defined area-volume-flow table 1D Diffusive Wave Baseflow Basin reservoir 2D Darcy's Law
6 Goal The main goal of this research was to apply and test the application of two hydrologic models (HSPF and GSSHA) to predict overlandflow in the Luxapallila Creek watershed (1,858 km 2 rural watershed), located in Alabama and Mississippi.
7 Study Area Area: 1,851 km 2 Pervious area: 99% Forest area: 72% Agricultural area: 20% Wetlands: 6%
8 Channel cross-section data Model Setup
9 Channel cross-section data Topography: 30 mt resolution NED Model Setup
10 Model Setup 100x100 m = 185,816 cells Channel cross-section data Topography: 30 mt resolution NED 50 sub-watersheds
11 Model Setup 100x100 m = 185,816 cells Channel cross-section data Topography: 30 mt resolution NED Climate and Flow Stations 50 sub-watersheds
12 Model Setup Mainly sandy loam soils with hydrologic soil group B 100x100 m = 185,816 cells Channel cross-section data Topography: 30 mt resolution NED Climate and Flow Stations 50 sub-watersheds
13 Model Setup Mainly sandy loam soils with hydrologic (1980 GIRAS dataset) soil group B 100x100 m = 185,816 cells Channel cross-section data Topography: 30 mt resolution NED Climate and Flow Stations 50 sub-watersheds
14 Model Evaluation Storm events evaluated in 1989 Storm Event Calibration Period ( ) Verification Period ( ) 1 1/12-1/17 1/12-1/17 2 2/21-2/26 2/21-2/24 3 2/28-3/4 2/28-3/3 4 3/5/-3/9 3/5-3/8
15 Model Evaluation USGS Station Data Flow (cms) /1/1989 1/21/1989 2/10/1989 3/2/1989 3/22/1989 Time (days)
16 Runoff and Baseflow Separation Web-based hydrograph separation system (WHAT) USGS Station Streamflow Direct Runoff Base Flow 350 Flow (cms) /1/1989 1/15/1989 1/29/1989 2/12/1989 2/26/1989 3/12/1989 3/26/1989 Time (days)
17 Model Results: Calibration HSPF Parameter (unit) LZSN (mm) Definition Forest Agricultural Barren Wetlands Lower zone nominal soil moisture storage Urban or built-up land (pervious) INFILT (mm h -1 ) Index to infiltration capacity KVARY (1/mm) Variable groundwater recession AGWRC (1/day) Base groundwater recession DEEPFR Fraction of groundwater inflow to deep recharge BASETP Fraction of remaining evapotranspiration from baseflow AGWETP Fraction of remaining evapotranspiration from active groundwater CEPSC (mm) Interception storage capacity UZSN (mm) Upper zone nominal soil moisture storage NSUR Manning's for overland flow INTFW Interflow inflow parameter IRC (1/day) Interflow recession parameter LZETP Lower zone evapotranspiration parameter GSSHA Parameter Definition (unit) Soil Forest Agricultural Barren Wetlands Urban or built-up land (pervious) K hydraulic conductivity (cm/hr) 0.14 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Ψ Suction head (cm) 11.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A θ s Porosity (cm) 0.38 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A n m Surface Roughness
18 Model Results: Calibration Observed HSPF GSSHA Direct Runoff (cms) /1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989 Time (days)
19 Model Results: Calibration Observed HSPF GSSHA Direct Runoff (cms) /1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989 Time (days)
20 Model Results: Calibration Observed HSPF GSSHA Direct Runoff (cms) /1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989 Time (days) GSSHA Event Peak error (%) Volume error (%) Runoff RMSE (cms) Peak time error (days) HSPF Event Peak error (%) Volume error (%) Runoff RMSE (cms) Peak time error (days)
21 Model Results: Calibration Observed HSPF GSSHA (1980 GIRAS dataset) Direct Runoff (cms) /1/1989 1/16/1989 1/31/1989 2/15/1989 3/2/1989 3/17/1989 Time (days) GSSHA Event Peak error (%) Volume error (%) Runoff RMSE (cms) Peak time error (days) HSPF Event Peak error (%) Volume error (%) Runoff RMSE (cms) Peak time error (days)
22 Model Results: Verification
23 Model Results: Verification
24 Model Results: Verification
25 Model Results: Verification GSSHA Event Peak error (%) Volume error (%) Runoff RMSE (cms) Peak time error (days) HSPF Event Peak error (%) Volume error (%) Runoff RMSE (cms) Peak time error (days)
26 Conclusions EPA HSPF is a comprehensive water quantity/quality watershed model. Hydrology is simulated using a physically based water budget scheme with empirical equations among the different components (interception, infiltration, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, etc). USACE GSSHA is a physics-based multidimensional watershed model. While runoff excess calculations in the HSPF model use the soil infiltration rate, the GSSHA model applies the soil hydraulic conductivity, along with a number of other soil parameters to compute a more physically based infiltration rate. GSSHA, like HSPF, also under simulated runoff during most of the evaluated storm events. This study found that the GSSHA model had a better performance than HSPF runoff results when calibrated parameters were evaluated in a sub-watershed outlet. GSSHA was more computationally intensive and less efficient than HSPF: numerical solution-based scheme vs analytical solution 185,816 cells vs. 50 sub-watersheds 20 hours vs. 5 seconds (Dual Core AMD Opteron(m) 3 GB of RAM)
27 Products (02/ /2010) Watershed Modeling Improvements to Enhance Coastal Ecosystems Goal: Improve watershed-wide decision support for resource management agencies
28 Products (02/ /2010) Watershed Modeling Improvements to Enhance Coastal Ecosystems Goal: Improve watershed-wide decision support for resource management agencies Mobile River watershed
29 Products (02/ /2010) Watershed Modeling Improvements to Enhance Coastal Ecosystems Goal: Improve watershed-wide decision support for resource management agencies Mobile River watershed Improved models Use the state-of-the-art technology related to watershed simulation 3-D Models GIS Radar HPC
30 Products (02/ /2010) Watershed Modeling Improvements to Enhance Coastal Ecosystems Goal: Improve watershed-wide decision support for resource management agencies Mobile River watershed Improved models Use the state-of-the-art technology related to watershed simulation 3-D Models GIS Habitat response evaluation System-wide perspective Radar HPC Habita t
31 Products (02/ /2010) Supported Personnel MSU Faculty: (8) Biology: Gary Ervin, Christopher Brooks Civil Eng: Jairo Diaz, William McAnally, James Martin GRI: Vladimir Alarcon Landscape Architecture: Wayne Wilkerson Forestry: Mary L. Tagert MSU Research Associates: (4) Civil Eng: Sandra Ortega GRI: Rita Jackson, Luis Wasson, and John Cartwright MSU Post-Doc: (1) Civil Eng. Jairo Diaz MSU Students: (11) John Ramirez (PhD, Civil Eng) Jeremy Sharp, Jared McKee, and Richard McComas (MS, Civil Eng) Carlos Ortiz (MBA) Matthew Roberts (PhD, Biology) Lee Turnage (MS, Biology) David Holly, Robert Sawyer, Nathan Sonderman, Tanaya Johnson (BS, Biology) Student Awards: (3) John Ramirez, PhD, Civil Eng: 2010 Environmental and Water Resources Engineering National Student Technical Paper Contest. 1st Place. John Ramirez, PhD, Civil Eng: 2009 Northern Gulf Institute Annual Conference. Student Paper Contest. 2nd Place. Jared McKee, MS, Civil Eng: 2008 Mississippi Water Resources Conference Best Student Paper Award. USACE Engineer Research and Development Center : (2) Billy E. Johnson Mike Follum
32 Products (02/ /2010) Collaborators(s)/Partners U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District Begun March 2007 Provide in-kind support Nature: sharing of data and models, interlocking tasks U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer R&D Center Begun June 2007 Part reimbursed support, part inkind support (signed agreements) Nature: Shared models, training on Corps models U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Sediment Lab Begun Dec 2007 Planned reimbursable and inkind support (signed agreement) Nature: Shared models, data, training on models and field operations PUBLICATIONS: Peer-Reviewed Journals (6) Wilkerson G.W., W.H. McAnally, J.L. Martin, J.A. Ballweber, K. Collins Peavy, J. Diaz-Ramirez, and A. Moore. Latis: A Spatial Decision Support System to Assess Low Impact Site Development Strategies. Submitted to Advances in Civil Engineering, Hindawi Publishing Corporation. [In Press] Ortega-Achury, S. L., J. J., Ramírez-Avila, W. H. McAnally, and J. L. Martin Using turbidity and total suspended solids to determine suspended sediment concentration in the Town Creek Watershed. Paper to be submitted to the Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., W.H. McAnally, and J.L. Martin. Sensitivity of Simulating Hydrologic Processes to Gauge and Radar Rainfall Data in Subtropical Coastal Catchments. Submitted to Journal of Hydrology [In review since January, 2010] Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., B.E. Johnson, W.H. McAnally, and J.L. Martin. Comparative Assessment of Multidimensional and Lumped Hydrologic Models: A Case Study in Alabama and Mississippi, USA. Submitted to Journal of Hydroinformatics [In review since January, 2010] Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., B.E. Johnson, W.H. McAnally, J.L. Martin, V.J. Alarcon, and J.J. Ramirez-Avila. Global Parameter Sensitivity and Uncertainty of the USEPA HSPF Model: A Hydrology Model Evaluation in Alabama and Mississippi. Submitted to Environmental Modelling & Software [In review since March, 2009] Diaz-Ramirez, J.N., V. Alarcon, Z. Duan, M.L. Tagert, W. H. McAnally, J. L. Martin, and C.G. O Hara Impacts of Land Use Characterization in Modeling Hydrology and Sediments for the Luxapallila Creek Watershed, Alabama/Mississippi. Transactions of the ASABE 51(1):
33 Products (02/ /2010) PUBLICATIONS: Peer-Reviewed Conference Proceedings (7) PUBLICATIONS: Conference Proceedings (6) PUBLICATIONS: Reports (12) PUBLICATIONS: Thesis and Dissertations (2) PRESENTATIONS: Conferences/Meetings (28)
34 Ongoing Work
35 Acknowledgments
36 Questions? Constructive comments? THANKS!! Jairo Diaz Phone:
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