Recycling business as arterial/venous industry

Transcription

1 Recycling business as arterial/venous industry What is the venous industry? Primarily, material-cycle industries do not necessarily aim at differentiating the venous industry as recycling business, but fostering an arterial industry that develops products abstaining from mass consumption and mass disposal as the industry based on Extended Producer Responsibility. It would be more natural for the arterial industry to include the venous unit. In Germany, industries are progressing in such a manner. Read more--- In Germany, with Cycle Economy Law in place, economic activities are required to take preemptive actions to control waste and promote reuse, strengthening Extended Producer Responsibility. For example, unlike with waste packages and containers generated in households in Japan, manufacturers have to take care of its collection and transportation although the duty is entrusted to a government-authorized organization, Duals System Deutschland AG. Therefore, simple packaging has been more common at earlier stage. Additionally, through the Deposit Refund System, deposits are collected upon buying bottles and PET bottles and refunded when they are returned. Such systems have improved consumers awareness. In contrast, in Japan, although glass bottles are normally returnable, they are recycled as grass caret after crushing, rather than reuse. Partly because of the historical background concerning the environment, there are many environmental NGOs as well as Green party, a political party focusing on environment. It is

2 well known that Germany and North European countries are more conscious of the concept of a material cycle society. In fact, Denmark prohibited the import of milk in one-way containers and filed a complaint with the European Court of Justice in the 1970s, resulting in the judgment that Germany should comply with the Danish law to make all the milk bottles in Denmark returnable, and environmental protection should prevail trade conflicts. After that, the use of returnable bottles rapidly spread in Germany, as well. In some case, like in Japan, recycling industry and detoxification industry are categorized as venous industry. In contrast to arterial industries that manufacture goods, venous industries treat toxic substances generated from the manufacturing process, protect the environment and even prepare for resource and energy depletion. In other words, it helps to halt degradation of the global environment. Its scale and number are still overwhelmed by the arterial industry, however. For instance, in 2000, the annual turnover of the entire automobile industry (automakers such as TOYOTA and NISSAN), a member of the arterial industry, was four trillion yen, compared to 300 billion yen for the venous industry including auto dismantlers. The scale of venous industries is less than 1% of arterial industries, However, the importance of the venous industry is increasingly growing from the view point of the material cycle. Although the venous industry has been considered as marginal field, it is now moving away from this image. In the case of the cement industry, a typical key industry, a large amount of industrial waste is utilized for raw materials and fuel. Eco-cement is considered as a part of the venous industry that plays a different role since its main purpose is to dispose of the large amount of incinerated ash generated from municipal solid waste Read more--- Eco-cement, which went through verification by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in 1993, was commercialized in 2001 as the world s first case. Compared to road-bed materials for conventional utilization of slag from ash melting furnace, Eco-cement with high-commercial value can be produced without residue. Here is a comparison between Eco-cement and regular cemnt. Item Eco-cement Regular cement Arterial/venous Venous Arterial Scale manufacturing volume 80,000 to 130,000 tons per year per plant (two plants in Japan) One million to 6 million tons per year per plant more than 20 plants

3 Main material Location Facility Procurement Usage Incinerated ash from municipal solid waste basic unit 0.6 tons/ton cement manufacturing Near incineration cite, suburban area Safe treatment of materials is prioritized, including heavy metal and chlorine Incinerated ash is delivered with treatment fee from municipality or other organizations. Registered as eco-cement, local governments give preference. in Japan Lime stone basic unit 1.1 tons/ton cement manufacturing Near limestone mines Efficiency and productivity are prioritized. combustion efficiency Purchase value Sold in the market as construction materials and concrete products. Futatsu-zuka Tama Eco-cement factory landfill Eco-cement manufacturing facility in Tama Regional Ichihara Eco-cement KK Material Cycle Association General characteristics of venous industries are the receipt of compounds (discarded products or materials) with various values for free and by inverse contracts, to recycle parts and materials and to sell and detoxify them. Due to this distinction, the venous industry forms complicated markets with less transparency, unlike the arterial industry. At the same time, the price and volume of discarded products which become raw materials swing widely in the market. To address such conditions, the venous industry, or environmental business, needs to focus on their missions, rather than considering themselves as short-term acquisitive businesses. Venous industrial technology Looking at the general technologies of the venous industry, many have been cultivated

4 in the arterial industry, which means that the venous industry assembles miscellaneous technologies, not necessarily cutting-edge technology. Now, what kinds of technologies are actually used? Read more--- This list includes technologies widely used in recycling industry. Technology Outline Type Waste Crushing Sorting Dehydrate Combustion & heat recovery Oil conversion & gasification Fusion & sinter Microbial utilization To prepare mixed solid waste for simple sorting. Widely used as preliminary operation. To classify crushed waste by size and to sort by element. To drain in order to increase manageability and incinerability of high-moisture waste. This technology is important to reduce waste volume and save fossil fuel by heat recovery. To produce more access-friendly and transportable fuel by oil conversion and gasification. For countermeasures against dioxin, treatment utilizing melting furnace for high-temperature treatment and to produce eco-cement. This technology utilizes biochemical reaction of degradation and biosynthesis by various microbe, ray fungus and filamentous fungus living in the soil under normal temperature and pressure..compression crusher.impact type crusher.shearing type crusher.screening classifier.wind-power classifier.magnetic classifier.floating classifier.eddy-current classifier.belt press dehydrator. Filter press dehydrator.centrifugal dehydrator.rdf technology.power generation (steam turbine /combustion gas turbine).hot water supply technology.application to cement furnace, blast furnace.thermal decomposition gas conversion technology.pyrolysis furnace gasification technology.electric melting furnace.gasification melting furnace.eco-cement technology.composting technology.biogas production technology.bio-ethanol production technology Construction waste, plastic waste, waste tire, waste glass, car body Crushed mix waste, can, waste metal Sludge, slurry Plastic, waste tire, combustible waste Waste plastic (polyethylene resin, PET resin) Shredder dust General waste, incinerated ash, sewage sludge Organic waste (row garbage), livestock excretion, agricultural residue (sugarcane, potato) Venous industrial systems

5 In what form can we find the venous industry? Basically, general waste, industrial waste and discarded items tend to generate in urban areas and industrial areas. In this sense, independent venous industries and Eco-Towns should be located in those areas, not in remote areas to ensure better transportation efficiency. At the same time, the spreading of waste, which can occur easily, will be prevented. Arterial-based venous industry (venous facilities) Utilizing facilities located inside arterial industries such as idle and remodeled equipments, discarded items and waste generated within the facility can be recycled, reused or provided to neighboring industries. This is an internal recycling method to treat defective products or sub-products that have occurred in the manufacturing process and waste which is relatively easy to dispose. It can be said this is the original point of venous industries that are closely attached to the main pillar of arterial industry. Illustration--- Arterial unit Venous process set internally Recycling of defective products sub-products etc. Recycle defective products or sub-products and discarded items for return to the production line independently inside the arterial industry To unitize venous industry In addition to conventional venous industries for recycling and repairing parts of durable goods to return recycled goods to customers such as auto-repair shop and parts recycling factories, a company sometimes establish facilities for the purpose of recycling inside the factory (in many cases, capital investment is curbed by the remodeling of idle equipments) These facilities will recycle and detoxify discarded items and waste both from within and outside the company based on technology cultivated and refined in arterial industries, making these venous industries part of the company s main business unit. This type is often found in steel manufacturing, non-ferrous refining, chemical industry and cement manufacturing companies.

6 Illustration--- Arterial unit Venous unit (set internally) Recycled items Treated items Discarded items waste Venous unit (set externally) Generator Arterial unit of various industries Consumer Arterial unit of various industries Generator Arterial unit of various industries By extending the venous process inside the arterial unit or by establishing venous units externally, it is possible to absorb and recycle discarded items and waste from different industries. Recycled items can be supplied both to internal and external units. Clustering of venous industries, Eco-Town projects When industrial complexes and various venous industrial units are located in one area to achieve zero emissions through the provision of goods, discarded items and waste in a closed circle. This kind of industrial park is called an Eco-Town. Illustration---

7 Generator Generator Generator Arterial unit Arterial unit Arterial unit Discarded items, waste Discarded items, waste Discarded items, waste Venous Venous Venous Venous unit unit unit unit Recycled & treated items Recycled & treated items Recycled & treated items Recycled & treated items Consumer Arterial unit Consumer Arterial unit Consumer Arterial unit This system enables partnership between venous units and the interchange of goods, leading to the establishment of venous industrial complexes as an industrial structure. Eco-Town projects With support and encouragement from the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Eco-Towns have been established around the nation. Sorting and recycling municipal solid waste efficiently and establishing facilities to detoxify hazardous substances such as PCB disposing plants, which local communities were unwilling to do in their remote areas, certainly link to a policy of waste nonproliferation. This policy aims to dispose of municipal waste within the same municipality through Eco-Town projects set in the city and coastal areas. In this regard, however, Eco-Town projects are just one of the steps to foster venous industries, not the purpose itself. In this section, Eco-Town in the Wakamatsu-district of Kitakyushu city is presented. Read more--- Subsidy by central government starting from 1997 is for either hard system or soft system of Eco-Town projects which each municipality has planned and has been approved its originality with pioneer sprit by central government. In case central government approved the project to be the model for other districts, subsidy within one second for the total cost will be supported. Incidentally, subsidy from the Ministry of the Environment is examined from the view point of environmental protection, whereas

8 that from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry is examined rather from the viewpoint of nurture of venture industries. Recently the project of Eco Town construction is decreasing, so the subsidy is decreasing accordingly. With a target to establish an industrial complex for environmental industries to achieve zero emission, the development of the master concept was launched in The Kitakyushu Eco-Town Plan took almost ten years to be approved for the first time by the government of Japan. Kitakyushu was formerly known as one of the four major industrial areas in Japan together with the Keihin (Tokyo-Yokohama), Hanshin (Osaka-Kobe) and Chukyo (Nagoya) areas, and was equipped with the appropriate technology and industrial infrastructure acquired during its period as a city of manufacturing. Located in the northern part of the city, the Hibikinada area was a perfect location for an environmental industrial complex with good accessibility to port facilities. In the concept of Kitakyushu Eco-Town project, the trinity of basic research, verification tests and business is linked. Kitakyushu s strategy to promote environmental industry I Education & basic research II Technology & verification test III Commercialization Establish principle for environmental policy Basic research/ HRD Hub for industrial & academic alliance Support verification test Incubate local businesses Recycling businesses Support venture, small and medium sized businesses Support to establish environmental industrial complex. Illustration--- Academic area Verification test area next to Eco-Town Center Comprehensive environmental industrial complex

9 H.Appliances Central complex Meltingfurnace disposing plant Overview of Eco Town Commercialized area PET bottle recycling business Beginning of operation July, 1998 Processing capacity About 20,000 tons/ year Outline Produce recycled PET resin for PET fiber from waste separately from waste collected by local municipalities. Automotive recycling business Beginning of operation Feb, 2000 Processing capacity 18,000 cars / year Outline In accordance with the Law Concerning Recycling Measures of End-of-life Vehicle, CFC, air bag and waste oil are properly treated. And steel body and plastic are solidified together to supply steel raw materials.

10 Home appliance recycling business Beginning of operation April, 2000 Processing capacity About 750,000 units /year, 4 items Outline Based on Home Appliance Recycling Law, high-quality recycled materials and parts by disassembling and selecting TV, refrigerators, laundry machines and air conditioners are produced. Office equipment recycling business Beginning of operation April, 1999 Processing capacity: 5,400 tons/ year Outline Copy machines, FAX machines, printers and PCs are disassembled and selected to produce high-quality reused parts and recycled materials. Fluorescent tube recycling business Beginning of operation October, 2002 Processing capacity 5,270 tons / year (111,600 tubes/ day) Outline Collect glass, fluorescence substance and tube cap (aluminum, etc.) from used fluorescent tubes and reproduction of recycled fluorescent tubes.

11 Waste wood recycling business Beginning of operation May, 2003 Processing capacity 5,000 tons / year Outline Crush and mix waste wood from construction site with waste plastic to produce high-quality construction materials (wood and plastic compound) with water resistance, weather resistance and durability. Central complex B eginning of operation April, 2005 Processing capacity 320 tons / day (volume accepted), 14,000Kw (power generation) Outline Disposal of industrial waste such as residue from recycling in meting furnaces and provision of electricity to businesses inside the Eco-Town. PCB disposing plant Beginning of operation December, 2004 (Japan Environmental Safety Corporation) Processing capacity 500 kg / day Outline Detoxify transformers and capacitors containing PCB through dechloridation Chemical reaction by using metalna). The plan s motto is to disclose all the information on multiple safety measures and status of operation.

12 Wind power generation Beginn 2003 ing of operation March, Generation capacity 10 of 1,500 Kw Outline Japan s first wind power generation business in the port district with the largest generation capacity in the western Japan. Generated electricity is sold to Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc.