Remote Sensing and the Development of Blue Carbon Initiatives
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1 Remote Sensing and the Development of Blue Carbon Initiatives Photo x Position x: 8.74, y:.18 Jeff Yonover Jeff Yonover Dr. Emily Pidgeon Senior Director Conservation International
2 Oceans play a vital role in controlling greenhouse gases Deforestation Atmosphere 46% + Land 29% Fossil Fuels Oceans 26%
3 Coastal Wetlands Photos clockwise from top left: Steve Crooks, CI/photo by Sarah Hoyt, M.A. Mateo, Keith Ellenbogen, Jeff Yonover, CI/photo by Sarah Hoyt
4 Coastal ecosystems have high sequestration rates
5 Coastal habitats store large amounts of carbon
6 These ecosystems are being rapidly lost COASTAL HABITAT EST. GLOBAL AREA (km sq) ANNUAL LOSS TOTAL LOSS Seagrasses 300,000 2% 29% Salt Marshes 400,000 2% 50%+ Boone Kauffman Photo x Position x: 8.74, y:.18 Mangroves 152, % 35%
7 Numerous causes of degradation and destruction Aquaculture Agriculture Development Pollution 7
8 Globally significant emissions. Mangroves 137,760 km 2 Global Extent Loss Carbon Emissions Seagrasses 300, ,000 km % in the last 50 years Pg C yr % annually Pg C yr -1 For comparison: Tropical deforestation net emissions = 1.3 Pg C y -1 Pan et al. (2011)
9 How can blue carbon lead to conservation and restoration of coastal ecosystems? Increase recognition of climate change significance Improve management and regulation Keith A. Ellenbogen Photo x Position x: 8.74, y:.18 Provide basis for incentives to conserve or restore
10 The International Blue Carbon Initiative Increased conservation, restoration and sustainable management of coastal blue carbon ecosystems Joanne-Weston Photo x Position x: 8.74, y:.18
11 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands Chapter 4 Coastal Wetlands Coordinating Lead Authors Hilary Kennedy (UK), Daniel M. Alongi (Australia), Ansarul Karim (Bangladesh) Lead Authors Guangcheng Chen (China), Gail L. Chmura (Canada), Stephen Crooks (USA), James G. Kairo (Kenya), Baowen Liao (China), Guanghui Lin (China) Review Editors Nuria Marba (Spain) and Georgi Karl Hiebaum (Bulgaria)
12 US Interagency Working Group Goal 1: Improve understanding Goal 2: Incorporate carbon in policies for coastal habitats. Goal 3: Increase awareness of coastal habitat carbon within international policies and programs.
13 Gulf of Nicoya - Costa Rica Develop and support policy and management that conserves and promotes sustainable use of the mangroves. In next year Assessment fisheries and blue carbon value Community mangrove restoration Capacity building in sustainable fisheries and alternative livelihoods
14 Implementing Blue Carbon Remote Sensing Needs Global and National Scales What is the extent of Blue Carbon eco systems? What are the rates of ecosystem loss and hotspots of that loss? What are the associated carbon emissions? Regional to Site Scales Accurate estimates of ecosystem extent, condition and carbon Systematic, repeatable assessments of ecosystem extent and condition Estimates of rate of ecosystem change Estimates of carbon change Monitoring Minimal Cost Limited technical capacity
15 Mangroves Global Extent Giri (2011)
16 Mangroves Local mapping Rahman 2014
17 Mangroves Aboveground Carbon Mangrove Tree Height Mangrove Biomass Simard et al 2006
18 Mangroves Aboveground Carbon Fatoyinbo & Simard 2013
19 Mangroves Monitoring Change Giri et al 2007
20 Salt Marshes
21 Rahman (pers. comm)
22
23 Mapping Seagrasses
24 Seagrasses Challenges for remote sensing Fourqurean (per comm)
25 Seagrasses Challenges for remote sensing The water acts as a distorting filter Depth Suspended particles Phytoplankton Sediment Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) Light attenuation Spectral distortion Seagrass leaves are green (Chlorophyll) but they often have highly variable spectral properties.
26 Lyons et al 2011
27 Remote Sensing in Blue Carbon Ecosystems Current Status Global / Regional Extent and Change Local Extent and Change Above-ground Carbon Total Carbon Mangrove Some Salt Marsh Now possible! Seagrass In shallow, clear water with significant ground-truthing
28 Thank you Dr. Emily Pidgeon Conservation International manfredxy Photo x Position x: 8.74, y:.18
29
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