Masahiro SHIZU Deputy Director Arms Control and Disarmament Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs, JAPAN

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1 CEG Workshop on Predisposal of Legacy Radioactive Waste : Treatment, Conditioning and Storage,17-19 May 2011, Heringsdorf, Germany Masahiro SHIZU Deputy Director Arms Control and Disarmament Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs, JAPAN

2 Contents 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n 2 O v e r v i e w o f Accident of Fukushima Daiichi N u c l e a r P o w e r Station 3 U t i l i z a t i o n of Japan- R u s s i a D e n u c l e a r i z a t i o n C o o p e r a t i o n F r a m e w o r k s ( 1 ) U t i l i z a t i o n o f L a n d y s h ( S U Z U R A N ) ( 2 ) S p e c i f i c a t i o n o f L a n d y s h ( 3 ) C u r r e n t Assessment 4 O v e r v i e w o f Liquid Radioactive W a s t e P r o c e s s i n g 5 C o n c l u s i o n

3 11 March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake 146 countries and regions and 39 international organizations have offered assistance (As of May 11th)

4 Overview of the Earthquake disaster Fukushima NPS Earthquakes: M quake (March 11) M - 7 class 5 times M - 6 class 72 times M - 5 class 423 times Tokyo

5 Damage Casualties : over 24,000 Dead : 14,981 Missing : 9,853 Evacuees : over 160,000 (As of May 11 th ) KYODO NEWS KYODO NEWS NOAA/US Dept of Commerce,

6 Height of TSUNAMI Based on the evaluation method by the Japan Society Civil Engineers revised on 2002,, we conducted an assessment regarding TUNAMI of O.P. 5.1~ m, and based on this evaluation, we have taken safety measures. At Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, inundation with inundation height of approximately O.P. +14 to 15m and inundation depth approximately 4 to 5m occurred in most of area.

7 Course of Events(Fukushima Daiichi Unit 3) Earthquake Loss of Offsite Electric Power Reactor Automatic Shutdown Diesel Generator Automatic Start TSUNAMI Station Black Out Failure of water injection system Failure of Fuel Pool Cooling System PCV pressure abnormal increase Decrease in RPV water level Due to the leakage of cooling water in the reactor and other unidentified causes, water contaminated by radioactive materials are observed inside and outside of Reactor Building.

8 1Facility for the Processing of Liquid Radioactive Waste Landysh Started in 1993 as the first project for protection of Sea of Japan. Provided to Russia in Nov The Facility is targeted for liquid radioactive wastes. Therefore we have studied with the Russian experts the possibility of its use for contaminated water in the current accident.

9 2 Specifications of Landysh Dimensions Length:65.0m Width:23.4m Draft:3.5m Displacement:5000tons Radioactivity to be processed 10-5 Ci/liter Throughput capacity 35m3/day 7000m3/year Post evaluation The post evaluation study conducted in 2008 confirmed that after the processing by Landysh the liquid wastes were made harmless and could be released into the sea.

10 3Current Assessment Last month Russian experts visited Japan and had a meeting on the possibility of utilization of Russian equipment for liquid waste disposal. Agreed on the further cooperation to make the optimum use of knowledge and experience of Russian experts

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12 Overview of Major Countermeasures

13 Ⅱ.Mitigation:Control of Water Contaminated by Radioactive Materials Current status Leakage of high radiation-level contaminated water assumed to have originated from Unit 2 reactor occurred, but was subsequently stopped. Leakage and accumulation of high radiation level contaminated water at Unit 2 s turbine bulding, vertical shafts and trenches. Increase of storage volume of water with low radiation level. High likelihood of underground water around the building (sub-drainage water) to be contaminated Leakage prevention by coagulator (Unit 2) Step 1 Target : Secure sufficient storage place to prevent water with high radiation level from being released out of the site boundary. Utilization of Centralized Waste Treatment Facility, etc. to store water. Install water processing facilities ; decontaminate and desalt highlycontaminated water and store in tanks. Examination and implementation of backup measures(installment of additional tanks or pools or leakage prevention by coagulator, etc.) Target : Store and process water with low radiation level. Increase storage capacity by adding tanks, barges, Mega float, tec. Decontaminating contaminated water sing decontaminants to below acceptable criteria. Step 2 Target : Decrease the total amount of contaminated water. Reuse of processed water as reactor coolant. Expansion of additional tanks to store high radiation-level contaminated water. Continuation and reinforcement of decontamination and desalt of high radiation-level water. Continuation and reinforcement of decontamination and desalt of low radiation-level water. Decontamination to the level below criteria level.

14 Installation Plan of the Water Treatment Facility Reactor Building Turbine Building Basic Design of the Water Treatment Facility (Toshiba, Hitachi-GE) Centralized Radiation Waste Treatment Building Tank for Treated Water Oil Separator Treatment System for Radioactive Material -Absorption Tower for Cesium -Decontaminant Kurion(US) AREVA(France) Seawater Desalination System -Reverse Osmosis Membrane -Steam Evaporator Storage Tank for Concentrated Seawater Waste

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16 Cooperation and Information sharing with the International Community 1. Cooperation with International Organizations (1)Information Sharing (2)IAEA Expert Missions 2. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information 3. Press Release by International Organizations

17 Japan s Countermeasures Measurement of Radioactivity Level Drinking Water Safety Food Safety 2. Speedy Dissemination of Accurate Information Ports and Airports Safety Tourism

18 3. Press Release by International Organizations Airports ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization): No Restrictions on Travel to Japan (News release: March 18) Current Radiation Levels in Japan and Travel Advice (News release: April 1) Current Situation for Travel and Transport to and from Japan (News release: April 14) IATA (International Air Transport Association): No Restrictions on Air Travel to Japan (News release: March 19) UN Confirms Safety of Japan Operations - No Recommendation for Passenger Screening(News release: April 1) Ports IMO (International Maritime Organization): Current situation for travel and transport to and from Japan (News release: April 15) Current radiation levels in Japan and travel advice (News release: April 1) Shipping advised to comply with relevant NAVAREA warnings off Japan (News release: March 24) No Restrictions on Travel to Japan (News release: March 21) IAPH(The International Association of Ports and Harbours): Japanese ports are safe (News release: March 25) PIANC(The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure): No fear on port function and people's health (News release: April 4)

19 WHO (World Health Organization) WHO is not advising general restrictions on travel to Japan (FAQ March 20) Drinking tap water in Japan poses no immediate health risk, (FAQ March 25) There are no health risks to people living in other countries from radioactive material (FAQ April4) Public health risks beyond the 30km evacuation zone currently still low (FAQ April 13)