PCMs in Building America Projects - Roof Retrofit Technology with Use of the PCM Heat Sink
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1 Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems PCMs in Building America Projects - Roof Retrofit Technology with Use of the PCM Heat Sink Jan Kosny Ph.D. - Fraunhofer CSE MCA-ORNL Project Leader David Brown Fabral, USA Team members: Scott Kriner MCA Pete Horvath PC Energy Solution Sam Yuan Ph.D. - CertainTeed Kaushik Biswas Ph.D., William Miller Ph.D. Abdi Zaltash Ph.D., and Phil Childs, ORNL Eric Akkashian, Mike Walters, _ Unisolar IV Thermal Mass Workshop - Dec. 05, 2010
2 Overview As a part of the Building America Project activities the Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy has introduced a new dynamic paradigm for building enclosures Between a consortium of commercial companies led by MCA and ORNL designed and constructed a series of commercial test roofs utilizing metal roofing panels with cool roof coatings, ventilated cavities, PV laminates, reflective insulations, and PCM heat sinks. Most of these assemblies are still being tested Some of findings from this study were adopted by the Building America team led by the Fraunhofer CSE for application in new residential buildings and residential retrofits This presentation is showing an example of utilization of the PCM heat sink technology for residential roof retrofit with use of the metal roofing panels. 2
3 Current Paradigm for Thermal Design of Buildings doesn t Recognize Dynamic Exterior Processes SUN & WIND Daily Temperature Fluctuations Conditioned space Temperature Hours
4 A New Paradigm Introduced by Fraunhofer CSE is Based on Maximum Utilization of Available Renewable Energies Conditioned space Utilization of solar energy: PV solar Hybrid PV-Thermal Hot water Hot air Thermal Storage PCMs Geothermal Energy
5 Past Performance Study of Metal Roofing Assembly Containing PCM Heat Sink 5
6 First Concept of the PCM Attic J. Kosny, W. Miller A-A cross section PV laminate & Metal roof panel Un-vented air cavity R-15 gable insulation Conventional Attic Insulation Reflective foil Foam Insulation PCM heat sink Roof deck Reflective foil Zone 1 Un-vented air cavity all time Zone 2 Sealed attic space
7 Metal Roof Systems Validated during MCA-ORNL Project MCA-ORNL project 2007 J. Kosny, W. Miller
8 Schematic of the Test Attic with PCM Heat Sink Metal roof with PV laminate Vented air cavity Roof deck & PCM heat storage Attic floor insulation
9 Ventilated roof-over-the-roof assembly; PCM Attic Configuration Details July 2009 PCM heat sink PV laminate over vented air cavity MCA-ORNL project 2007 J. Kosny, W. Miller
10 Conventional Attic Using Cool Roof Coating Nov A-A cross section Metal Roof with Cool Roof Coating Roof deck Attic space Conventional Attic Insulation
11 Comparative Basic Attic Assembly Using Asphalt Shingles Nov A-A cross section Shingle Roof Roof deck Attic space Conventional Attic Insulation
12 Results from the Dynamic Envelope Study performed at the ORNL campus WINTER TEST DATA 12
13 Night Attic Air Temperatures in PV-PCM Attic are Highest about 16 degf lowest night heat losses Weekly Average Temperature ( F) Weekly Average Temperature ( C) ( F) PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Ambient Air Mean (Min.) ( C) Nov Nov Nov-09 4-Dec Dec Dec Dec-09 1-Jan-10 8-Jan Jan Jan Jan-10 5-Feb Feb Feb-10 Week Start Date 26-Feb-10 5-Mar-10
14 Night Heat Flows in the PV-PCM attic were ~75% lower from the other attics Roof Heat Flux [Btu/(hr ft 2 )] Nov 13, Roof Heat Flux [W/m 2 ] Roof Heat Flux [Btu/(hr ft 2 )] Jan Time 13, (hrs) 2010 PV Roof Shingle A IRR Roof Roof Heat Flux [W/m 2 ] Time (hrs) PV Roof Shingle A IRR Roof
15 Significantly lower winter heat losses in the PV-PCM Attic Average weekly attic heat losses [Btu/hr-ft2] Winter 2009/10 weeks starting from Nov PV- Roof PCM Roof IRR Roof Shingle Roof Average Winter Attic Heat Losses [Btu/hrft2]
16 Much Higher Center of the Attic Temperature ~ 8degF Average weekly center attic air temp. [F] PV- Roof PCM Roof IRR Roof Shingle Roof Average Winter Attic Air Temp. [F] Winter 2009/10 weeks Fraunhofer starting from USA 2009 Nov.06
17 Results from the Dynamic Envelope Study performed at the ORNL campus SUMMER TEST DATA 17
18 Great Potential for Harvesting Solar Heat - Summer Roof Surface Temperatures in PCM Attic can reach 170 degf Temperature ( F) Jun 13, Weekly Maximum Temperature ( F) Temperature ( C) Weekly Maximum Temperature ( C) Time of Day (Hrs.) PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Ambient Air Nov Nov Dec Dec-09 8-Jan Jan-10 5-Feb Feb-10 5-Mar Mar-10 2-Apr Apr Apr May May Jun Jun-10 Week Start Date PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Ambient Air
19 PCM Moderates Greatly Attic Air Temperature in Spring and Summer in average over 7.5 deg F difference 100 Mar 8, Jun 13, Temperature ( F) Temperature ( C) Temperature ( F) Temperature ( C) Time of Day (Hrs.) PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Ambient Air Time of Day (Hrs.) PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Ambient Air
20 In Summer Average PV-PCM Attic Air Temperatures were almost identical as the Ambient Air Temperature Weekly Average Temperature ( F) Weekly Average Temperature ( C) ( F) PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Ambient Air Mean (Max.) ( C) Mar Mar Mar-10 2-Apr-10 9-Apr Apr Apr Apr-10 7-May May May May-10 4-Jun Jun Jun Jun-10 Week Start Date
21 Average weekly heat flux lost by the attic to the conditioned space (Cooling Load) during spring-summer period about 50% difference Avg. Heat Flux (Loss) (Btu/Hr-ft 2 ) Avg. Heat Flux (Loss) (W/m 2 ) PV-PCM Roof IRR Metal Shingle Mean (Loss) Mar Mar Mar-10 2-Apr-10 9-Apr Apr Apr Apr-10 7-May May May May-10 4-Jun Jun Jun Jun-10 Week Start Date
22 Green Roofing Technology Ready for Full-Scale Application in Building America Projects 22
23 Fraunhofer Center For Sustainable Energy Systems is leading one of the largest Building America teams In 2010 Fifteen Building America Teams Were Selected by DOE List and of Current Enclosures Research Areas for Fraunhofer-CSE Building Enclosure Research Team Three Building America Project Locations Considered by the Fraunhofer CSE New PCM Thermal Storage Technologies proposed by the Fraunhofer-CSE for Building America Program 23
24 CSE Building Efficiency Lab Fraunhofer Center For Sustainable Energy Systems Building Energy Efficiency Group Core Activities: Test, evaluate, and demonstrate the performance of energy-saving building technologies Apply novel materials to energy-efficient building components and systems Model and simulate advanced building systems Develop breakthrough, cost-effective energy retrofit technologies and processes Adapt high-performance European building technologies to North American markets and climates and vice versa
25 CSE Building Efficiency Lab Fraunhofer Center For Sustainable Energy Systems Building America Team Core Geographic Locations: Brunswick, ME Boston, MA Austin, TX
26 Integration of the PCM Heat Sink Technology into the Metal Roofing and Wall Systems - Fabral
27 PCM Heat Sink- A Green Energy Solution Fabral and Phase Change Energy Solutions 27
28 *** CONCLUSSIONS *** A new paradigm for building enclosures has been introduced. It will be used by the Fraunhofer CSE team for Building America projects Over the winter and spring, the PV-PCM attic showed a 30% reduction in the heating load compared to the conventional shingle attic. On average, the maximum day time temperatures were lower by about 15% in the PV-PCM attic compared to the shingle attic; this difference was higher in the late-spring and summer months. In average weekly Attic Cooling Load in case of the PV-PCM attic was ~50% lower comparing to the shingle attic - during spring-summer period. Continued evaluation through the months of July and August can provide better metrics for comparing the hot-weather performance of the PV-PCM roof strategy to the shingle roof. The new sustainable way of reroofing with the PV-PCM technology not only improves overall performance of existing roofs, but in addition will generate inexpensive solar electricity.
29 Thank You! A N Y Q U E S T I O N S? DR. Jan Kosny Fraunhofer CSE Cambridge, MA USA Ph: jkosny@fraunhofer.org 29
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