IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON

Transcription

1 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON CARBONS FOR ADVANCED LEAD ACID BATTERIES: PROPERTIES AND ROLE Albena, 13 th imerys-graphite-and-carbon.com

2 OVERVIEW 1. ABOUT IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON 3. «ONE-STOP SHOP»: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB 4. SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES

3 OVERVIEW 1. ABOUT IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON 3. «ONE-STOP SHOP»: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB 4. SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES

4 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON - A MEMBER OF IMERYS THE WORLD LEADER IN MINERAL-BASED SPECIALTY SOLUTIONS IMERYS GROUP KEY FIGURES

5 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON OUR VISION INNOVATIONS TO POWER EVERYDAY LIFE 5

6 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON YOUR RELIABLE PARTNER 5 PILLARS FOR A SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE CARBON (SYNTHETIC & NATURAL) UNIQUE & SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT, PROCESS & APPLICATION KNOW-HOW INDUSTRIAL ASSET SMALL SHARE OF CLIENTS COSTS 6

7 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON WORLDWIDE PRESENCE LAC-DES-ILES (QC), CANADA WILLEBROEK, BELGIUM BODIO, SWITZERLAND KAWASAKI, JAPAN SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA TOKYO, JAPAN TERREBONNE (QC), CANADA BIRONICO, SWITZERLAND SHANGHAI, CHINA KITAKYUSHU, JAPAN Headquarters Sales Offices OTJIWARONGO, NAMIBIA R&D Laboratories Industrial Sites 7

8 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON MARKETS MAIN END-MARKETS C O N S U M E R E L E C T R O N I C S E N E R G Y A U T O M O T I V E 8 IGC YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBON

9 OVERVIEW 1. ABOUT IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON 3. «ONE-STOP SHOP»: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB 4. SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES

10 ONE-STOP SHOP : YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB Carbon Materials Natural Flake Graphite Specialty Carbon Additives for Lead Acid Batteries Synthetic Carbon Graphite Black Security of Supply Customization R&D Laboratories Product Development Application Development Scientific Support to Customers Sustainable Size modification Surface modification Shape modification Purification Added Value Processes Innovative Solutions Exfoliation Mixing Sieving Milling 10

11 ONE-STOP SHOP : YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB HIGHLY DIVERSIFIED OFFER OF SPECIALTY CARBONS TO FULFILL VARIED REQUIREMENTS TIMREX GRAPHITE: High-purity expanded graphite ENSACO Carbon Black: High-purity and extra conductive carbons with a very high structure and specific surface area, supplied in soft granules SUPER P Carbon Black: High-purity and highly conductive carbons with a moderate surface area 11

12 ONE-STOP SHOP : YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB NOVEL CARBON MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED LEAD ACID BATTERIES TIMREX CYPBRID TM : Hybrid carbon which combines the relevant properties of the graphite and the carbon black in a unique product TEM picture of CyPbrid TM particle 12

13 OVERVIEW 1. ABOUT IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON 3. «ONE-STOP SHOP»: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB 4. SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES

14 SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES Product Type of material BET SSA Pour density OAN Wettability (contact angle) m 2 /g g/cm 3 ml/100g Super P Carbon Black ~ 90 Mildly hydrophobic Ensaco 350G Carbon Black Hydrophobic TIMREX BNB90 Expanded graphite N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 1 Hybrid carbon < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 2 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 3 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic Highly diversified carbon portfolio 14

15 SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES Product Type of material BET SSA Pour density OAN Wettability (contact angle) m 2 /g g/cm 3 ml/100g Super P Carbon Black ~ 90 Mildly hydrophobic Ensaco 350G Carbon Black Hydrophobic TIMREX BNB90 Expanded graphite N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 1 Hybrid carbon < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 2 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 3 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic High pour density for easy handling and less effect on plate density 15

16 SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES Product Type of material BET SSA Pour density OAN Wettability (contact angle) m 2 /g g/cm 3 ml/100g Super P Carbon Black ~ 90 Mildly hydrophobic Ensaco 350G Carbon Black Hydrophobic TIMREX BNB90 Expanded graphite N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 1 Hybrid carbon < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 2 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 3 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic Correlates with the conductivity of a carbon black Correlates with the amount of water and H 2 SO 4 needed in the pasting 16

17 SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES Product Type of material BET SSA Pour density OAN Wettability (contact angle) m 2 /g g/cm 3 ml/100g Super P Carbon Black ~ 90 Mildly hydrophobic Ensaco 350G Carbon Black Hydrophobic TIMREX BNB90 Expanded graphite N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 1 Hybrid carbon < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 2 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic TIMREX CyPbrid 3 Hybrid carbon N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic This is a key property for an easy incorporation into the paste 17

18 ACTION MECHANISM OF CARBON IN THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE Topic still under discussion not yet a clear answer neither from the scientific community nor from industry Conductivity: increased plate conductivity improves high rate performance Porosity: optimized pore structure kept during cycling Affinity for lead: affinity of the carbon for lead improves the lead deposition... Likely the beneficial effect of carbon in the negative plate is a combination of several aspects. 18

19 ACTION MECHANISM OF CARBON IN THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE Proposed mechanism for the role carbon in improving the charge acceptance and cycle life of the battery: Current Pb Pb Pb 1. The carbon is exposed to a lead containing environment. Lead ions are present in solution. 2. Due to the surface properties of the carbon (either morphological or chemical properties) some lead is immobilized on the surface. This lead can be there either as immobilized ion or reduced lead. 3. The immobilized lead acts as nucleation seed for the deposition of lead during battery cycling. J. Power Sources 324 (2016) 41 19

20 ACTION MECHANISM EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Current Pb Pb Pb Spontaneous lead uptake experiments 1) Carbon is exposed to a lead rich environment 2) The amount of lead remaining immobilized on the surface is measured 3) TEM investigation clearly proved the presence of lead nanoparticles on the carbon substrate 20

21 ACTION MECHANISM EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Current Pb Pb Pb Product Lead uptake BET SSA ppm m 2 /g Super P Ensaco 350G TIMREX BNB TIMREX CyPbrid TIMREX CyPbrid TIMREX Synthetic graphite Reference Carbon Black

22 ACTION MECHANISM EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Current 1 Lead plating (Battery simulation) Model carbon electrodes undergo electrochemical deposition of lead Before 2 Pb After 3 Pb Pb CyPbrid 1 22

23 ACTION MECHANISM EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Before After E 350G Before After BNB90 23

24 ACTION MECHANISM EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Before After Synt. Graphite Before After Ref. Black 24

25 CARBON BLACK PERFOMANCE IN 2 V CELLS - PEUKERT Peukert lines measured in flooded 2V cells PNP ca. 2Ah per cell. Excess of acid d1.28gcm -3. «LOW STRUCTURE» CARBON BLACK Due to the high conductivity of Super P a better utilization of the active mass is achieved leading to a better performance 25 HIGH STRUCTURE»

26 PERFOMANCE IN 2 V CELLS CHARGE ACCEPTANCE Charge acceptance measured in flooded 2V cells PNP ca. 2Ah per cell. Excess of acid d1.28gcm -3. Charge acceptance increase of ca. 40% with CyPbrid compared to typical reference low structure carbon black in this cell configuration 26

27 IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS HIGHLY DIVERSIFIED PORTOFOLIO EASY PROCESSABLE CARBONS PROVEN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND SUPPORT CUSTOMIZED INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

28 Thank you for your attention! 28