Multi-criteria decision support and strategic environmental assessment of ore ports in Maritime-Guinea

Transcription

1 Multi-criteria decision support and strategic environmental assessment of ore ports in Maritime-Guinea Diallo M.; Doumbouya A.; Kourouma D. L.; Samoura K.; Waaub J.P. IAIA, Montréal, 3-7 April, 2017

2 Table of content 1. Context 2. Problem 3. Objective 4. Methodology 5. Preliminary results 6. Conclusion

3 1 1. Context (1/3) Guinea and its Maritime Exclusive Economic Zone 300 Km of coastline

4 1 Guinea: a mining country + 40 billion tons of bauxite (2/3 of the world's bauxite reserves) (25 proven) + 10 billion tons of iron ore 40 million tons of limestone, etc. Infrastructure and port projects 5 existing ports 9 new ports to be built 1. Context (2/3) Source: Ministère des Mines & de la Géologie, Guinée (2012)

5 2 1. Context (3/3) There is a lack of overall vision on the environmental and socio-economic challenges of the entire coastal zone and on the overall strategy for the development of ore ports in Guinea (UEOA, 2011; Nodalis, 2014) Therefore, there is a need for decision-making tools that takes into account: Environmental sensitivity for the host environment Fisheries resources Stakeholders considerations Cumulative impacts

6 2. Problem (1/5) 3 The development and operation of ports (docks and piers construction, dredging, transportation, etc.) : Environmental effects Socio-economic effects Disruption of habitats and ecosystem integrity Disturbance of sediment balance and circulation of coastal currents Rice production Salt Production Sustainability of fisheries and food security Decrease in fisherman and farmer incomes Decrease in tourist activities Aquatic environment pollution from various sources Food web s modification Biodiversity Reduction Ore Port Mangrove s ecosystem Seafood Exploitation Artisanal Fishing Risk to human health Risk to the safety of artisanal fishermen Population displacement and Loss of cultural heritage

7 2. Problem (2/5) 7

8 2. Problem (3/5) Risk of vessels collision between species and fishermen Release of a green turtle caught in the estuary of Morébaya River (Rio Tinto, 2013) Fishing port of Koukoudé in Boffa Manatee tracks in the estuary of the Morébaya River (Rio Tinto, 2013) Fishing port of Kamsar in Boké 6

9 2. Problem (4/5) Pollution of the port of Kamsar by hydrocarbons (ANAIM, 2011) and loss of habitat. Pollution of the Kamsar coastline Pollution on the mangrove in Kamsar Pollution of fishing grounds Loss of habitat and noise pollution in Katougouma 7

10 2. Problem (5/5) Due to the inadequacy of planning strategy and the multiplication of ore ports, the Guinean coastal zone remains vulnerable There is a need for Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) that takes into account: Issues in preservation and in valuation of the fish biodiversity Consideration and values of stakeholders 8

11 3. Objectives General objective Design a decision-making process SEA to reconcile economic development objectives with the conservation and development of fisheries biodiversity. Specific Objectives Obj. 1: Identify effect criteria and indicator of ore ports scenarios in tropical coastal areas, with focus on fish biodiversity Obj. 2: Design a SEA negotiation and decision-making process based on multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) in a multi-stakeholder context for scenario comparison; Obj. 3: Test this process on a case study: development of ore ports along the Guinean coasts. 10

12 4. Methodology: objective 1 (1/4)

13 4. Methodology: objective 2 (2/4) SEA negotiation and decision-making process for ore ports in Guinea is based on a model integrating three (3) approaches: Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) Public Participation Geographic Information System (GIS). It was developed on the basis of the literature review and expert consultation 13

14 4. Methodology: objective 3 (3/4) participatory surveys with stakeholders Study site Public administration Civil Society Private Sector Experts Total Forécariah 4 5 (focus group) 2-11 Conakry Boffa 4 Boké 3 7 (focus group) 8 (focus group) Total

15 4. Methodology: objective 3 (4/4) consultation with stakeholders Environmental technical services Women involved in Fish trading in Kamsar Taking into account stakeholder concerns and review of criteria and indicators; Validation of the criteria and their weighting by actors; Improvement and validation of scenarios with stakeholders. Village of Baralendé in Boffa Round table in Conakry

16 5. Preliminary results: list of criteria (1/4) Dimension Issues Criteria Indicators Direction and unit of measurement Ecosystems and Biodiversity Habitats affected Influence area of the infrastructures To minimize Number of hectares Quantity of sediment to be dredged Volume of sediment to be dredged To minimize Volume (m3) Risk of vessel collision with marine organisms Risk level To minimize 1 = Low 2 = Average 3 = Strong Environmental Water Quality Pollution risk Level of risk of water pollution To minimize 1 = Low 2 = Average 3 = Strong Climate Change Greenhouse Gas (GHG) GHG emitted To minimize Volume (kgeqco2)

17 5. Preliminary results: list of criteria (2/4) 16 Dimensions Issues Criteria Indicators Direction and unit of measurement Employment Job Creation Potential jobs To maximize Number Economy Economic benefits of fish resources exploitation Economic viability of artisanal fishing enterprises Rate of return on artisanal fisheries To maximize Rate (%) Returned in taxes and ports fees Revenue generation Amount of income To maximize Amount (US $)

18 5. Preliminary results: list of criteria (3/4) 17 Dimensions Issues Criteria Indicators Direction and unit Population Displacement Persons affected by the projects (PAP) Influence area of infrastructures of measurement To minimize Number of peoples Social and Cultural Cultural Heritage Food Safety Health and Security Degradation risk of cultural and heritage sites Dynamics of fishing activity Risk of accidents Risk of disease transmission Risk level Production of the fisheries sector (tons) Risk level of accidents Risk level of communicable diseases To minimize 1 = Low 2 = Average 3 = Strong Idem Idem Idem Risk of flooding in coastal habitats Flood risk level Idem

19 18 5. Preliminary results: scenarios (4/4) Current exploitation of mineral resources Export of approximately 19,5 million tons of bauxite per year (MTPA) (Annuaire statistique, 2014) Alumina 0, 7 MTPA (Until April 2012, closed) Iron 10 MTPA (Until 2013, closed) Future export requirements for minerals, approximately 515 MTPA: Bauxite 130 MTPA Alumina 30 MTPA Iron 355 MTPA

20 Scenario 1

21 Scenario 2

22 Scenario 3

23 Scenario 4

24 Scenario 5

25 Scenario 6

26 7. Conclusion and future works 25 To be done in the case study SEA negotiation and decision-making process Elaboration of the performance Matrix Criterion assessment of scenarios Performance aggregation (PROMETHEE and Gaia) Generation of results for each stakeholder and for the group Negotiations between stakeholders Recommendation

27 Authors Mariama Diallo - Researcher at the CNSHB (Republic of Guinea), PhD student in environmental sciences at UQAM; student member of GEIGER and GERAD (Montréal, Québec, Canada) djihoun2004@yahoo.fr; mariama.dial99@gmail.com Alkhaly Doumboyah - Research Master at CNSHB (Republic of Guinea) adoumbouyah@gmail.com Dan Lansana Kourouma Lecturer and Researcher at CERE, University of Conakry, Guinea; associate professor at the Geography department and GEIGER member (UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada) danlansana@gmail.com Karim Samoura - Director General of the Institutes, and Director of International Relations at the Aube Nouvelle University (Ouagadougou, Burkina-Faso) karim.samoura@u-auben.org Jean-Philippe Waaub Full Professor at the geography department, UQAM; GEIGER and GERAD member (Montréal, Québec, Canada) waaub.jean-philippe@uqam.ca 27

28 26 Thank you for your attention