I N T E R N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS
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1 I N T E R N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS 2008
2 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue de la Fédération Paris Cedex 15
3 S T KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS A T I S T I C S
4 IEA participating countries* Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States 2 *Poland is expected to become a member country of the IEA in 2008
5 The International Energy Agency The IEA, which was established in November 1974, has over the years gained recognition as one of the world s most authoritative sources for energy statistics. Its all-encompassing annual studies of oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and renewables are indispensable tools for energy policy makers, companies involved in the energy field and scholars. In 1997 the IEA produced a handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data. This new edition responds to the enormously positive reaction to the books since then. Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Canadian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the price of diesel oil in South Africa and thousands of other useful energy facts. Gathering and analysing statistics is one of the important IEA functions. But the Agency an autonomous body within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development also: administers a plan to guard member countries against the risk of a major disruption of oil supplies; coordinates national efforts to conserve energy and develop alternative energy sources, as well as to limit pollution and energy-related climate change; and disseminates information on the world energy market and seeks to promote stable international trade in energy. 3
6 TABLE TABLE OF TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS CONTENTS
7 SUPPLY 1 TRANSFORMATION 2 CONSUMPTION 3 ENERGY BALANCES 4 PRICES 5 EMISSIONS 6 OUTLOOK 7 ENERGY INDICATORS 8 CONVERSION FACTORS 9 GLOSSARY 10
8 S U P P L Y TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY World Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world total primary energy supply* by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Hydro Oil Gas Combustible renewables & waste Nuclear Other** Hydro 1.8% Nuclear 0.9% Gas 16.0% 1973 and 2006 fuel shares of TPES* Combustible renewables & waste Hydro Other** & waste 10.6% 2.2% Other** 0.1% 10.1% Nuclear 0.6% Coal/peat 6.2% 24.5% Oil 46.1% Gas 20.5% Combustible renewables Mtoe Mtoe Coal/peat 26.0 % Oil 34.4% 6 *Excludes electricity trade. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
9 BY FUEL 1 Evolution from 1971 to 2007 of total primary energy supply* by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Hydro Oil Gas Combustible renewables & waste Nuclear Other** 1973 and 2007 fuel shares of TPES* Hydro 2.1% Nuclear 1.3% Combustible renewables & waste 2.3% Other** 0.2% Coal/peat 22.5% Hydro 1.9% Nuclear 10.6% Combustible renewables & waste 3.9% Other** 0.9% Coal/peat 20.8% Gas 18.8% 7 Oil 52.8% Gas 22.6% Mtoe Mtoe *Excludes electricity trade. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. Oil 39.3%
10 S U P P L Y TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY World 8 Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world total primary energy supply* by region (Mtoe) Non- Europe Latin America China 7.0% Non- Europe 1.6% Middle East China Africa Former USSR Asia** World marine bunkers 1973 and 2006 regional shares of TPES* Latin America Asia** 3.7% 5.7% Former USSR 14.3% Middle East 1.1% Africa 3.4% World marine bunkers 2.0% 61.2% Mtoe Mtoe *Excludes electricity trade. **Asia excludes China. Latin Asia** America 11.3% 4.5% China 16.2% Non- Europe 0.9% Former USSR 8.7% Africa 5.2% Middle East 4.5% World marine bunkers 1.6% 47.1%
11 BY REGION 1 Evolution from 1971 to 2007 of total primary energy supply* by region (Mtoe) North America Pacific Europe 1973 and 2007 regional shares of TPES* Europe 37.1% Europe 33.5% Pacific 10.9% North America 52.0% Pacific 16.0% North America 50.5% Mtoe Mtoe *Excludes electricity trade. 9
12 S U P P L Y Crude Oil Production Evolution from 1971 to 2007 of crude oil* production by region (Mt) China Middle East Asia** Former USSR Latin America Non- Europe Africa Non- Europe 0.7% Former USSR 15.0% China 1.9% 1973 and 2007 regional shares of crude oil* production Asia** 3.2% Latin America 8.6% Africa 10.1% Non- Europe 0.2% Former USSR 15.8% China 4.8% Asia** 4.4% Latin America 8.7% Africa 12.7% Middle East 36.9% 23.6% Middle East 30.6% 22.8% Mt Mt *Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. **Asia excludes China.
13 Producers, exporters and importers of crude oil* 1 % of Producers Mt world total Russia Saudi Arabia United States Islamic Rep. of Iran People s Rep. of China Mexico Canada Venezuela Kuwait United Arab Emirates Rest of the world World data Exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 358 Russia 248 Islamic Rep. of Iran 130 Nigeria 119 Norway 109 United Arab Emirates 106 Mexico 99 Canada 93 Venezuela 89 Kuwait 88 Rest of the world 764 World Importers Mt United States 587 Japan 203 People s Rep. of China 145 Korea 120 India 111 Germany 110 Italy 94 France 82 Spain 61 United Kingdom data *Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. Rest of the world 713 World data 11
14 S U P P L Y Natural Gas Production Evolution from 1971 to 2007 of natural gas production by region (billion cubic metres) China Middle East Asia* Former USSR Latin America Non- Europe Africa 1973 and 2007 regional shares of natural gas production Former USSR 19.7% Middle East 2.1% Non- Europe 2.6% Asia* 1.0% China 0.5% Latin America 2.0% Africa 0.8% Former USSR 27.7% Non- Europe 0.5% China 2.2% Asia* 9.3% Latin America 4.8% Africa 6.8% 71.3% Middle East 11.3% 37.4% bcm bcm 12 *Asia excludes China.
15 Producers, exporters and importers* of natural gas 1 % of Producers mcm world total Russia United States Exporters mcm Canada Russia Islamic Rep. of Iran Canada Norway Norway Algeria Algeria Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Turkmenistan Indonesia Qatar People s Rep. of China Indonesia Malaysia Rest of the world United States World Rest of the world data World data *Exports and imports include pipeline gas and LNG. Importers mcm United States Japan Germany Italy Ukraine France Turkey Spain Korea United Kingdom Rest of the world World data 13
16 S U P P L Y 6000 Hard Coal Production Evolution from 1971 to 2007 of hard coal* production by region (Mt) China Middle East Asia** Former USSR Latin America Non- Europe Africa 1973 and 2007 regional shares of hard coal* production 14 Former USSR 22.8% Non- Europe 0.4% China 18.7% Asia** 4.8% Latin America 0.3% Africa 3.0% 50.0% Former USSR 6.9% Mt Mt *Includes recovered coal. **Asia excludes China. China 46.0% Asia** 13.8% 27.3% Africa Latin America 4.5% 1.5%
17 Producers, exporters and importers of coal 1 Hard Brown Producers coal* coal (Mt) (Mt) People s Rep. of China ** United States India Australia South Africa Russia Indonesia Poland Kazakhstan 83 3 Colombia 72 0 Rest of the world World data Hard Exporters coal (Mt) Australia 244 Indonesia 202 Russia 100 Colombia 67 South Africa 67 People s Rep. of China 54 United States 53 Canada 30 Vietnam 30 Kazakhstan 23 Rest of the world 47 World data *Includes recovered coal. **Included in hard coal. Importers Hard coal (Mt) Japan 182 Korea 88 Chinese Taipei 69 India 54 United Kingdom 50 People s Rep. of China 48 Germany 46 United States 33 Italy 25 Spain 24 Rest of the world 273 World data 15
18 S U P P L Y Nuclear Production Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of nuclear production by region (TWh) China Former USSR Other** Non- Europe Asia* 1973 and 2006 regional shares of nuclear production Former USSR 5.9% Asia* 1.3% Asia* 2.2% Non- Europe 1.1% China 2.0% Other** 1.2% 92.8% Former USSR 9.2% 84.3% 203 TWh TWh 16 *Asia excludes China. **Other includes Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.
19 Producers of nuclear electricity 1 % of Producers TWh world total United States France Japan Germany Russia Korea Canada Ukraine United Kingdom Sweden Rest of the world World data Installed capacity GW United States 99 France 63 Japan 48 Russia 22 Germany 20 Korea 17 Ukraine 13 Canada 13 United Kingdom 10 Sweden 9 Rest of the world 55 World data Source: Commissariat à l Énergie Atomique (France). % of Country nuclear (based on first in total 10 producers) domestic electricity generation France 79.1 Sweden 46.7 Ukraine 46.7 Korea 37.0 Japan 27.8 Germany 26.6 United Kingdom 19.1 United States 19.1 Canada 16.0 Russia 15.7 Rest of the world* 7.2 World 14.8 *Excludes countries with no nuclear production data 17
20 S U P P L Y Hydro Production Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of hydro* production by region (TWh) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia** Latin America Africa 1973 and 2006 regional shares of hydro* production Former USSR 9.4% Middle East 0.3% Non- Europe 2.1% China 2.9% Asia** 4.3% Latin America 7.2% Africa 2.2% 71.6% China 14.0% Asia** 7.8% Non- Europe 1.8% Former USSR 7.9% Middle East 0.8% Latin America 21.0% Africa 3.1% 43.6% TWh TWh *Includes pumped storage. **Asia excludes China.
21 Producers of hydro* electricity 1 % of Producers TWh world total People s Rep. of China Canada Brazil United States Russia Norway India Japan Venezuela Sweden Rest of the world World data *Includes pumped storage. **Excludes countries with no hydro production. 19 Installed GW capacity (based on production) People s Rep. of China 118 United States 99 Brazil 71 Canada 72 Japan 47 Russia 46 India 32 Norway 28 France 25 Italy 21 Rest of the world 308 World data Sources: United Nations, IEA. Country (based on first 10 producers) % of hydro in total domestic electricity generation Norway 98.5 Brazil 83.2 Venezuela 72.0 Canada 58.0 Sweden 43.1 Russia 17.6 India 15.3 People s Rep. of China 15.2 Japan 8.7 United States 7.4 Rest of the world** 14.3 World data
22 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Refining by Product Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world refinery production by product (Mt) LPG/ethane/naphtha Middle distillates Motor gasoline Heavy fuel oil Aviation fuels Other products 20 Heavy fuel oil 33.8% Other products 9.2% 1973 and 2006 shares of refinery production by product LPG/ethane/ naphtha 5.8% Middle distillates 26.0% Motor gasoline 21.0% Aviation fuels 4.2% Heavy fuel oil 15.9% Other products 12.5% Middle distillates 33.1% LPG/ethane/ naphtha 8.7% Mt Mt Motor gasoline 23.5% Aviation fuels 6.3%
23 Producers, exporters and importers of petroleum products 2 % of Producers Mt world total United States People s Rep. of China Russia Japan India Korea Germany Canada Italy Saudi Arabia Rest of the world World data Exporters Mt Russia 88 Netherlands 83 United States 65 Singapore 62 Saudi Arabia 58 Korea 38 Venezuela 35 Kuwait 34 India 32 United Kingdom 29 Rest of the world 474 World data Importers Mt United States 110 Netherlands 72 Singapore 57 Japan 47 People s Rep. of China 44 France 38 Germany 37 Spain 28 United Kingdom 27 Korea 21 Rest of the world 445 World data 21
24 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Refining by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world refinery throughput* by region (Mt) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia** Latin America Africa 22 Former USSR 12.4% Middle East 4.0% Non- Europe 1.5% 1973 and 2006 regional shares of refinery throughput China 1.5% Asia** 3.3% Latin America 9.0% Africa 1.7% 66.6% Non- Europe Former 0.8% USSR 7.7% Middle East 8.4% Mt Mt China Asia** 8.0% 10.4% Latin America 6.8% Africa 3.3% *Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. **Asia excludes China. 54.6%
25 Refinery capacity, net exporters and net importers of oil* 2 Crude % of distillation kb/d world capacity total United States Former USSR People s Rep. of China** Japan India Korea Germany Italy Saudi Arabia Canada Rest of the world World data Net exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 413 Russia 334 Islamic Rep. of Iran 137 Venezuela 124 Kuwait 122 Norway 120 Nigeria 113 United Arab Emirates 108 Mexico 85 Libya 75 Rest of the world data Net importers Mt United States 625 Japan 240 People s Rep. of China 168 Germany 119 Korea 103 India 95 France 93 Italy 80 Spain 79 Chinese Taipei 48 *Crude oil and petroleum products. **Does not include unlisted small teapot refineries which are estimated at between 200 and 500 kb/d. Rest of the world data 23
26 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Electricity Generation* by Fuel Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world electricity generation* by fuel (TWh) Thermal Nuclear Hydro Other** Nuclear 3.3% Hydro 21.0% 1973 and 2006 fuel shares of electricity generation* Other** 0.6% Coal/peat 38.3% Hydro 16.0% Other** 2.3% Coal/peat 41.0% Gas 12.1% Oil 24.7% Nuclear 14.8% Gas 20.1% Oil 5.8% TWh TWh *Excludes pumped storage. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables & waste, and heat.
27 Electricity production from fossil fuels 2 Coal/peat TWh People s Rep. of China United States India 508 Germany 302 Japan 299 South Africa 236 Australia 199 Russia 179 Korea 153 United Kingdom 152 Rest of the world World data Oil TWh Japan 121 Saudi Arabia 94 United States 81 Mexico 54 People s Rep. of China 51 Italy 46 Indonesia 39 Islamic Rep. of Iran 35 Kuwait 35 India 31 Rest of the world 509 World data Gas TWh United States 839 Russia 458 Japan 254 Italy 158 Islamic Rep. of Iran 148 United Kingdom 141 Mexico 114 Thailand 94 Spain 90 Saudi Arabia 86 Rest of the world World data 25
28 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Electricity Generation* by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world electricity generation* by region (TWh) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia** Latin America Africa 1973 and 2006 regional shares of electricity generation* 26 Former USSR 15.0% Middle East 0.6% Non- Europe 1.7% Asia** Non- China 2.6% Latin China Asia** 2.8% America Europe 15.3% 8.9% 2.6% 1.1% Africa Former 1.8% USSR 7.7% Middle East 3.6% 72.9% TWh TWh *Excludes pumped storage. **Asia excludes China. Latin America 5.1% Africa 3.1% 55.2%
29 Producers, exporters and importers of electricity 2 Producers* % of TWh world total United States People s Rep. of China Japan Russia India Germany Canada France Brazil Korea Rest of the world World data Exporters** TWh France 72 Germany 65 Paraguay 46 Canada 43 Switzerland 31 United States 24 Czech Republic 24 Russia 21 Poland 16 Austria 14 Rest of the world 258 World data Importers** TWh Germany 48 Italy 47 United States 43 Brazil 41 Switzerland 34 Netherlands 27 Canada 24 Austria 21 Belgium 19 Sweden 18 Rest of the world 285 **Gross production minus production from pumped storage plants. **Total exports and total imports (including transit). World data 27
30 C O N S U M P T I O N TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION World Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world total final consumption by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Combustible renewables & waste* Oil Electricity Gas Other** 28 Combustible renewables & waste* 13.2% Gas 14.4% Electricity 9.4% 1973 and 2006 fuel shares of total final consumption Other** 1.6% Coal/peat 13.3% Oil 48.1% Combustible renewables & waste 12.9% Electricity 16.7% Gas 15.3% Other** 3.4% Mtoe Mtoe Coal/peat 8.6% *Prior to 1994 combustible renewables & waste final consumption has been estimated. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. Oil 43.1%
31 BY FUEL Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of total final consumption by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Combustible renewables & waste Oil Electricity Gas Other* Combustible renewables & waste 2.9% Gas 18.2% 1973 and 2006 fuel shares of total final consumption Electricity 11.4% Other* 0.8% Coal/peat 10.1% Oil 56.6% Combustible renewables & waste 3.8% Gas 18.7% Electricity 20.3% Other* 1.9% Mtoe Mtoe Coal/peat 3.5% Oil 51.8% 29 *Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
32 C O N S U M P T I O N Non- Europe 1.5% Former USSR 12.5% Middle East 0.9% TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION China 7.9% Asia** Latin 6.5% America 3.7% Africa 3.8% World marine bunkers 2.6% World Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world total final consumption* by region (Mtoe) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia** Latin America Africa Non- Europe 0.8% China 15.0% Asia** 11.5% World marine bunkers 1973 and 2006 regional shares of total final consumption* Latin Africa America 5.6% 5.1% Former USSR 8.1% Middle East 60.6% 4.3% Mtoe Mtoe World marine bunkers 2.3% 47.3% 30 *Prior to 1994 combustible renewables & waste final consumption has been estimated. **Asia excludes China.
33 BY REGION Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of total final consumption by region (Mtoe) North America Pacific Europe 1973 and 2006 regional shares of total final consumption Europe 36.6% Pacific 15.4% Europe 35.3% Pacific 10.6% North America 52.8% North America 49.3% Mtoe Mtoe 31
34 C O N S U M P T I O N TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION Coal* Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors** Non-energy use Other sectors** 36.2% 1973 and 2006 shares of world coal* consumption Non-energy use 1.0% Other sectors** 16.4% Transport 0.5% Non-energy use 4.3% Transport 5.3% Industry 57.5% Industry 78.8% 621 Mtoe 698 Mtoe 32 *Coal refers to coal/peat. **Includes agriculture, commercial & public services, residential and non-specified other sectors.
35 BY SECTOR Oil Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* Non-energy use Non-energy use 11.5% 1973 and 2006 shares of world oil consumption Industry 19.9% Non-energy use 16.5% Industry 9.5% Other sectors* 23.2% Transport 45.4% Other sectors* 13.5% Transport 60.5% Mtoe Mtoe *Includes agriculture, commercial & public services, residential and non-specified other sectors. 33
36 C O N S U M P T I O N TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION Gas Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* Non-energy use Transport 2.6% 1973 and 2006 shares of world gas consumption Other sectors* 40.7% Non-energy use 2.7% Industry 54.0% Transport 5.8% Industry 35.2% 671 Mtoe Mtoe Other sectors* 48.1% Non-energy use 10.9% 34 *Includes agriculture, commercial & public services, residential and non-specified other sectors.
37 BY SECTOR Electricity Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* Other sectors* 44.2% 1973 and 2006 shares of world electricity consumption Other sectors* 56.7% Industry 41.6% Transport 2.4% Industry 53.4% 439 Mtoe Mtoe *Includes agriculture, commercial & public services, residential and non-specified other sectors. Transport 1.7% 35
38 E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S SIMPLIFIED ENERGY World 1973 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (b) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste (a) Production Imports _ Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Gas works Pet. refineries Coal transf Liquefaction Other transf Own use Distribution losses TFC Industry sector Transport sector (c) Other sectors Non energy use (a) Combustible renewables & waste final consumption has been estimated. (b) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (c) Includes international marine bunkers.
39 BALANCE TABLE World 2006 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (a) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste Production Imports Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Gas works Pet. refineries Coal transf Liquefaction Other transf Own use Distribution losses TFC Industry sector Transport sector (b) Other sectors Non energy use (a) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Includes international marine bunkers. 37
40 E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S SIMPLIFIED ENERGY 1973 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (a) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Gas works Pet. refineries Coal transf Liquefaction Other transf Own use Distribution losses TFC Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Non energy use (a) Includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. 38
41 BALANCE TABLE 2006 SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (a) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Gas works Pet. refineries Coal transf Liquefaction Other transf Own use Distribution losses TFC Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Non energy use (a) Includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (Mtoe) 4 39
42 P R I C E S Crude Oil Key crude oil spot prices in US dollars/barrel Jan-86 Jan-88 Jan-90 Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 Dubai monthly averages Brent WTI Petroleum Products Rotterdam oil product spot prices in US dollars/barrel Jan-86 Jan-88 Jan-90 Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 monthly averages 40 Gasoline Gasoil HFO
43 Coal Steam coal import costs in US dollars/tonne Q1983 1Q1987 1Q1991 1Q1995 1Q1999 1Q2003 1Q2007 quarterly averages EU member states* Japan *European Union member states excluding Romania and Bulgaria, where information is available. **LNG ***Pipeline 41 Natural Gas Natural gas import prices in US dollars/mbtu yearly averages Japan** USA*** Belgium*** Germany*** Spain***
44 P R I C E S RETAIL PRICES (a) Heavy fuel oil Light fuel oil Automotive Unleaded for industry (b) for households diesel oil (c) premium (d) (tonne) (1000 litres) (litre) (litre) Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chinese Taipei x Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary x India Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom c United States (a) Prices are for 1st quarter 2008 for petroleum products, and latest available (L) for other products. (b) High sulphur fuel oil for Canada, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States; low sulphur fuel oil for all other countries. (c) For commercial purposes.
45 IN SELECTED COUNTRIES in US dollars/unit Nat gas for Nat gas for Steam coal Electricity for Electricity for industry households for industry (f) industry (g) households (g) (10 7 kcal GCV (e) ) (10 7 kcal GCV (e) ) (tonne) (kwh) (kwh) Australia L L Austria c Belgium Canada Chinese Taipei c Czech Republic c L Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary L India Ireland L L L L L Italy Japan Korea L Luxembourg x Mexico c Netherlands L L c New Zealand x x Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey L L United Kingdom United States 5 (d) Unleaded premium gasoline (95 RON); unleaded regular for Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States. (e) Gross calorific value. (f) Brown coal for Turkey. (g) Prices excluding tax for the United States... not available x not applicable c confidential 43
46 E M I S S I O N S CO 2 Emissions by Fuel Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world* CO 2 emissions** by fuel (Mt of CO 2 ) Coal/peat Oil Gas Other*** Gas 14.4% 1973 and 2006 fuel shares of CO 2 emissions** Other*** 0.1% Coal/peat 34.9% Gas 19.4% Other*** 0.4% Coal/peat 41.7% Oil 50.6% Oil 38.5% Mt of CO Mt of CO 2 44 *World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. **Calculated using the IEA s energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO 2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Other includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
47 CO 2 Emissions by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2006 of world* CO 2 emissions** by region (Mt of CO 2 ) Africa Latin America Asia*** China Former USSR Non- Europe Middle East Bunkers China 5.7% Asia*** 3.0% Latin America 2.7% Africa 1.9% 1973 and 2006 regional shares of CO 2 emissions** Former USSR 14.4% Non- Europe 1.7% Middle East 1.0% Bunkers 3.8% 65.8% China 20.2% Asia*** 9.7% Latin America 3.5% Africa 3.1% Former Non- USSR Europe 1.0% 8.6% Middle East 4.6% Bunkers 3.3% 46.0% Mt of CO Mt of CO 2 *World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers, which are shown together as Bunkers. **Calculated using the IEA s energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO 2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Asia excludes China.
48 O U T L O O K OUTLOOK FOR WORLD TPES Nuclear 4.8% TPES* Outlook by Fuel RS RS RS APS RS APS Coal/peat Oil* Gas Nuclear Hydro Other** RS: Reference Scenario (based on current policies) APS: Alternative Policy Scenario (based on policies under consideration) Fuel shares of TPES* in 2030 for the Reference Scenario and Alternative Policy Scenario Hydro 2.4% RS 2030 APS 2030 Other** 10.8% Coal/peat 28.2% Hydro 2.9% Nuclear 6.8% Other** 14.0% (Mtoe) Coal/peat 23.4% Gas 22.3% Oil* 31.5% Gas 21.8% Oil* 31.1% Mtoe Mtoe 46 *Includes bunkers. **Other includes combustible renewables & waste, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, etc.
49 TO 2030 (Source: IEA WEO 2007) TPES Outlook by Region (Mtoe) RS RS RS APS RS APS Middle East Transition economies* China Asia** Latin America Africa Bunkers RS: Reference Scenario (based on current policies) APS: Alternative Policy Scenario (based on policies under consideration) Regional shares of TPES in 2030 for the Reference Scenario and Alternative Policy Scenario Latin America 4.9% Asia** 14.7% RS 2030 APS 2030 Africa 5.3% Bunkers 1.2% 38.4% Asia** 14.2% Latin America 4.9% Africa 5.4% Bunkers 1.3% 39.9% 7 China 21.6% Transition economies* 8.1% 47 China 20.6% Transition Middle economies* East 8.2% Mtoe 5.8% Mtoe *Includes Former USSR and Non- Europe. **Asia excludes China. Middle East 5.5%
50 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Selected Indicators for 2006 Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000$) 2000$) of CO 2) World (c) (d) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil (a) Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
51 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop TPES pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000$) 2000$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 2000$) 2000$ PPP) World Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil 8 (c) TPES for world includes international marine bunkers as well as electricity and heat trade. (d) CO 2 emissions for world include emissions from international aviation and international marine bunkers. 49
52 E N E R G Y Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000$) 2000$) of CO 2) I N D I C A T O R S 50 Brunei Darrussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana (a) Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
53 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop TPES pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000$) 2000$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 2000$) 2000$ PPP) Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana 8 51
54 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000$) 2000$) of CO 2) Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia (a) Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
55 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop TPES pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000$) 2000$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 2000$) 2000$ PPP) Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia 8 53
56 E N E R G Y Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000$) 2000$) of CO 2) I N D I C A T O R S 54 Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore (a) Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
57 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop TPES pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000$) 2000$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 2000$) 2000$ PPP) Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore 8 55
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