Hydraulic Fracturing and UDSW protection ALL Consulting Lead author: J. Daniel Arthur Contributing authors: Bill Hochheiser, and Brian Bohm
|
|
- Hannah Williams
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 distributed by Hydraulic Fracturing and UDSW protection ALL Consulting Lead author: J. Daniel Arthur Contributing authors: Bill Hochheiser, and Brian Bohm Introduction Natural gas production from shale formations is a fast-growing segment of the United States natural gas supply, and is considered one of the leading growth sectors to push the United States closer to utilizing stable domestic sources of energy. Natural gas development from shales has also resulted in the movement of the oil and gas industry into areas that have not had previous experience in oil and gas development activities. Production of natural gas from shale formations has become feasible because of advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies. Hydraulic fracturing originally came under scrutiny as a result of concerns that fracturing fluids from coal bed natural gas (CBNG) wells in Alabama were migrating to drinking water aquifers and affecting water wells. These concerns resulted in a 1995 lawsuit seeking regulation of hydraulic fracturing activities in Alabama under the Safe Drinking Water Act s (SDWA) underground injection control provisions. The court found that hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas development fits the definition of underground injection under the SDWA s definition and, as a result, Alabama revised its regulations to include hydraulic fracturing in coal beds under its Underground Injection Control (UIC) program. In addition, due to the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) concern regarding the use of diesel fuel in fracturing of coal beds, EPA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with three major oil and gas service companies to eliminate the use of diesel fuel as part of hydraulic fracturing fluids for CBNG wells across the United States. The actions taken in Alabama prompted an EPA investigation into the threat to drinking water resources from hydraulic fracturing. The results of this investigation, published in 2004, determined the threat to drinking water sources from the hydraulic fracturing of coal bed formations was "minimal" 1. Shortly after these results were published, Congress exempted hydraulic fracturing from the UIC program as part of the Energy Policy Act of The recent increase of shale gas development in a number of areas around the country has heightened public awareness and concern regarding hydraulic fracturing. Shale gas development 1 United States Environmental Protection Agency, Study to Evaluate the Impacts to USDWs by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs, M. Armstrong, Jason B. Hutt, and Edward D. Krenik, United States: House And Senate Bills Introduced To Regulate Hydraulic Fracturing, Monday, Juny 15,
2 entails fracturing operations using large volumes of water (generally 3 to 5 million gallons per well), and small amounts of chemical additives to fracture the horizontal wells. While general descriptions of the constituents of these additives and their purposes are publicly available, the precise additive formulas are kept proprietary by the service companies that manufacture and sell them. Much of the public residing in the shale gas basins is unfamiliar with oil and gas drilling and production activities, creating a perception of industry secrecy surrounding additive formulas and leading the public to distrust oil and gas producing and service companies. As a result, various non-governmental organizations and public interest groups have been working to raise the alarm about potential groundwater contamination and possible chemical exposure. Concerns have been expressed that the exemption for hydraulic fracturing as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 removed prior oversight of hydraulic fracturing by the Environmental Protection Agency. 3 This has led to a movement to repeal the hydraulic fracturing exemption and to regulate hydraulic fracturing under the UIC program, although industry experts and regulatory agencies have found little to no direct evidence that hydraulic fracturing is a threat to human health or the environment. It s important to note that hydraulic fracturing has never been regulated under UIC program as established by the Safe Drinking Water Act during the 35-year history of the SDWA. 4 On June 9, 2009, legislation was introduced in both houses of the United States Congress to amend section 1421(d) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 USC300h(d)). This legislation was introduced by Diana DeGette, D-Colo., Maurice Hinchey, D-N.Y., and Jared Polis, D-Colo, in the U.S. House of Representatives and by Sen. Bob Casey, D-Pa., and Sen. Chuck Schumer, D- N.Y, in the Senate. The House and Senate bills are both referred to as the Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals (FRAC) Act, and propose repealing the 2005 Energy Policy Act exemption of hydraulic fracturing from UIC regulation under the SDWA. Additionally, the bills would require disclosure to regulatory and emergency medical staff of the chemical constituents utilized in the hydraulic fracturing process. This information is currently required for Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), which provide contact information for emergency personnel (doctors, nurses and emergency responders) requiring specific chemical identification and concentrations of proprietary formulas from the chemicals manufacturer in the event of a medical emergency. 5 Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing The existence of significant quantities of natural gas from deep shale formations has long been known by oil and gas producing companies; however, this type of natural gas was not perceived as being economically accessible until the late 1990s. Shale formations have naturally low permeability, which makes it difficult to access the natural gas resources held within the rock. Engineers were able to determine that by pumping water and sand into the wellbore under high pressure, it was possible to create small fractures or cracks in the shale, thus creating the necessary pathways for natural gas to flow to a well. This process, hydraulic fracturing, has 3 Abrahm Lustgarten, Energy Industry Sways Congress with Misleading Data, Propublica, July 8, Co-published in Politico on July, 8, 2009, under the headline House, oil industry fractured over gas well regulations. 4 Energy in Depth Blog, Separating Fiction from Invention in ProPublica s Latest Anti-HF Attack Piece, July 09, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Code of Federal Regulations, (i). See details at
3 matured and changed since it was first used in the 1940s. It is currently a sophisticated, closely controlled and monitored engineering process, overcoming technical and economic barriers that have traditionally limited the development of shale gas. Fracture Fluid Additives Slickwater fracturing, the predominant hydraulic fracturing method used for development of natural gas wells in shale formations, is a technique that was refined in the Barnett Shale play of Texas during the late 1990s. Slickwater fracturing is partially responsible for improving the economic viability of the play. 6 Previous fracture techniques for extremely tight rock formations like shales used thicker gel-based fracturing fluids to transport proppants into the formation. 7 These thicker gel-based fluids were too expensive to use economically at the volumes necessary for the fracturing of the horizontal wells in shales. Slickwater fracture fluids are less expensive because these fluids are predominantly water. Gelled fracturing fluids use a polymer base, typically an organic guar, that when hydrated with water forms a viscous gel that is used to carry the sand during the fracture treatment. 8 Slickwater fracturing requires the addition of chemicals to the water-sand mixture for specific purposes such as reducing viscosity, preventing bacterial growth, or preventing the corrosion of the piping used in the well. The make-up of fracturing fluid will vary from one basin to another, from one contractor to another, and even from one well to another. Well characteristics, formation properties, and fracturing fluid compositions are a few of the criteria used to select the most appropriate additives for the stimulations. Unique challenges such as scale buildup, bacteria growth, etc., require specific additives to prevent degradation of the well performance; however, not all wells require all categories of the additives for a treatment. Furthermore, while there are many different formulas for each additive, only one of each category of additive is added per well. For example, only one biocide is used at a time, even though there are many different biocides to choose from. A typical fracture fluid will include four to six additives, but some may require a dozen or so. However, even when a large number of chemical additives are used to address multiple potential issues like scale development and bacteria growth among other things, the fluid is still overwhelmingly water. For instance, a Fayetteville Shale slickwater fracture fluid which included 12 additives still contained 99.5 percent water with less than 0.5 percent other compounds. Notably, most of these compounds are similar to ones used in everyday consumer products like food additives, cosmetics, and household cleaners. Even those components that have toxicity associated with them in their pure forms, such as acids used to clean the nearwellbore area, are highly diluted in the pumped fluid. These chemicals are further altered and diluted by reactions in the subsurface. One example would be the acids that are pumped in fracturing fluids reacting with the rock in the subsurface such that the acid ends up being converted into inert salts. 9 6 Joel Parshall, Barnett Shale Showcases Tight-Gas Development, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 60 (Sept. 2008): Joel Parshall, Barnett Shale Showcases Tight-Gas Development, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 60 (Sept. 2008): Halliburton Energy Services, Production Enhancement: Fracturing Fluid Systems, A Halliburton Services Brochure, GWPC and ALL Consulting, Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer, prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2009.
4 Protection of Ground Water The initial public concerns related to groundwater impacts associated with hydraulic fracturing came from the hydraulic fracturing of CBNG wells in Alabama. Those wells were hydraulically fractured with fluids that, instead of having a water base, were primarily composed of diesel fuel with additives added to help carry proppant and address other formation issues such as bacteria growth, scale development and corrosion of metal equipment. The concern with CBNG wells is that these wells are typically shallow (in some basins less than 1,500 feet deep 10 ) and in some cases may actually be completed in drinking water aquifers. 11 In contrast, shale gas formations are often located a few thousand to over ten thousand feet below ground. The very nature of shale gas geology is one of the key pieces of evidence supporting the limited risk to groundwater from hydraulic fracturing activities. With average depths ranging from 5,000 feet to 11,000 feet below the land surface (depths which are 3,000 or more feet deeper than most of the coal beds investigated by the EPA in their 2004 study) gas shales such as the Barnett Shale, Fayetteville Shale, Marcellus Shale, and Haynesville Shale are located a great distances below fresh groundwater formations. 12 The rocks present between the shale formations and groundwater aquifers create a substantial barrier to fluid migration from hydraulic fracturing activities. In fact, it is the impermeability of these rock layers that has kept the natural gas in the shale allowing operators to produce the gas that is present today. The presence of thousands of feet of rock formations between gas shale formations and shallow fresh groundwater represents just one of the protections that prevent fracture fluids from reaching groundwater aquifers. A tremendous force would be required to create a fracture that would extend from thousands of feet of depth upward into a groundwater formation; far more force than is imparted in a hydraulic fracturing operation. Furthermore, it is in the shale gas developers best interest to limit the growth of the fractures to the formation that is being developed as fractures which extend out beyond the producing shale formation may encounter other formations which have poor quality water that has been present in the formation since it was originally deposited. If an operator s fractures extend into a deep source of poor quality water, the economic success of the well can be affected by the cost of producing and disposing of this water, or the hydrostatic pressure created by this water may reduce the volume of gas released from the shale formation. In order to prevent fractures from extending outward into other formations, hydraulic fracturing jobs may be monitored with downhole equipment such as microseismic monitors and tiltmeters. In addition, there is oversight by state oil and gas agencies, which regulate the drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations to ensure protection of fresh groundwater. 13 These agency programs place a great deal of emphasis on the protection of groundwater through the establishment of well construction standards along with required agency approval of all well completions (or recompletions), including proper placement and installation of multiple layers of 10 Western Pennsylvania Watershed Program, Coalbed Methane (CBM): A Fact Sheet, ALL Consulting and Montana Board of Oil and Gas Conservation, Coal Bed Methane Primer: A New Source of Natural Gas- Environmental Implications, Background and Development in the Rocky Mountain West, prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory, J. D. Arthur, B. Bohm, and M. Layne, Hydraulic Fracturing Considerations for Natural Gas Wells of the Marcellus Shale, presented at the Ground Water Protection Council Annual Meeting, fall GWPC and ALL Consulting, Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer, prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2009.
5 protective steel casting and cement that is designed specifically to protect fresh water aquifers by preventing the migration of fracturing fluids upward to overlying groundwater sources and aquifers. 14 The effectiveness of the steel casing and cements was demonstrated by risk analysis sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and performed under the guidance of the American Petroleum Institute in the 1980s. 15 The analysis evaluated the effectiveness of well construction practices on protecting groundwater and fresh water aquifers by evaluating the potential for a leak to occur in an injection well. The analysis concluded that the probability of a well in which the lowest source of drinking water has been 100 percent cased corroding to the point of developing a leak that could potentially reach a groundwater source is between a 2 x 10-5 (one in 200,000) and 2 x10-8 (one in 200,000,000) chance per well year. 16 This analysis was based on wells operating as injection wells in which fluids are injected at a moderate pressure into the well every day for extended periods of time. This operation is in contrast to the manner in which gas shale wells are operated where hydraulic fracturing occurs over a short period of time (usually not more than a week) but at higher pressures. Analysis of the details of the research shows that most of the leaks that were documented resulted from long-term corrosion and not short-term damage; thus the protections offered by a modern horizontal shale gas well in which 100 percent of the drinking water aquifers are protected by cement and casing should be even greater than what was shown in the API research. Summary Shale gas is a key part of the current United States energy policy, which aims to ensure an adequate, dependable, affordable, domestic energy supply. Hydraulic fracturing is a necessary completion practice for the development of natural gas from shale formations. It is a highly engineered, closely controlled and monitored process, which is overseen by state regulatory agencies. The fluids used in the hydraulic fracturing of shale gas formations are over 98 percent water, with additives consisting of chemicals that are generally found in everyday consumer products and are always very dilute in the fracturing fluid. The hydraulic fracturing of shale gas formations takes place thousands of feet below fresh water aquifers and thus has considerable additional protections when compared to fracturing of shallow CBNG wells. Additionally, the current state oil and gas regulatory requirements, such as well construction standards which include casing integrity and completion techniques, provide considerable environmental protection. Through these oil and gas regulatory requirements, hydraulic fracturing has always been regulated, regardless of the exemption that was created in the 2005 Energy Policy Act; hydraulic fracturing is regulated today in the same way it was regulated before the 2005 Energy Policy Act exemption. 17 Furthermore, the geological stratification in shale gas production areas provides additional protections to public health and fresh water aquifers which are almost impossible to overcome by the forces generated by hydraulic fracturing of gas shales. Overall, the hydraulic fracturing of shale gas occurs at such distances from fresh groundwater sources that the natural barriers offered by the intervening 14 Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission, Mission Statement, Michie & Associates, Evaluation of Injection Well Risk Management Potential in the Williston Basin, Paper prepared for Underground Injection Practices Council Research Foundation, Michie & Associates, Evaluation of Injection Well Risk Management Potential in the Williston Basin, Paper prepared for Underground Injection Practices Council Research Foundation, Energy in Depth Blog, Separating Fiction from Invention in ProPublica s Latest Anti-HF Attack Piece, July 09,
6 geologic layers combined with required well construction practices prevent fracturing fluids from migrating to fresh groundwater aquifers.
History of Hydraulic Fracturing Mark Parker
History of Hydraulic Fracturing Mark Parker Halliburton Mid-Continent Area Technology Manager Safety Moment Driving Safety Distracted Driving The only thing you should do when Driving is Driving Focus
More informationShale Development: Understanding and Mitigating Risks Associated with Well Construction and Hydraulic Fracturing
Shale Development: Understanding and Mitigating Risks Associated with Well Construction and Hydraulic Fracturing Kris J. Nygaard Sr. Stimulation Consultant ExxonMobil Production Company National Academy
More informationFracking Regulations: Is Federal Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation Around the Corner?
Fracking Regulations: Is Federal Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation Around the Corner? David Spence, Associate Professor, Department of Business, Government & Society and Co-Director, EMIC Professor Spence
More informationConsiderations for hydraulic fracturing and groundwater and surface water protection: lessons learned in the U.S.
Considerations for hydraulic fracturing and groundwater and surface water protection: lessons learned in the U.S. Robert W. Puls, Ph.D. Director, Oklahoma Water Survey University of Oklahoma Hydraulic
More informationDAVID SPEARS STATE GEOLOGIST
Hydraulic Fracturing for Natural Gas in Virginia DAVID SPEARS STATE GEOLOGIST What is hydraulic fracturing? An industrial process in which reservoir rocks are fractured using high-pressure fluid Used to
More informationGAS WELL/WATER WELL SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION
GAS WELL/WATER WELL SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION Rick Railsback Professional Geoscientist CURA Environmental & Emergency Services rick@curaes.com And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.
More informationChapter 9. Water Sourcing and Wastewater Disposal for Marcellus Shale Development in Pennsylvania
CITE AS 32 Energy & Min. L. Inst. 9 (2011) Chapter 9 Water Sourcing and Wastewater Disposal for Marcellus Shale Development in Pennsylvania Kevin J. Garber 1 Jean M. Mosites Babst Calland Clements& Zomnir,
More informationJ. Daniel Arthur, P.E., ALL Consulting. Author. Ground Water Protection Council January 2009 San Antonio, Texas. Presented at
Prudent and Sustainable Water Management and Disposal Alternatives Applicable to Shale Gas Development Author J. Daniel Arthur, P.E., ALL Consulting Presented at Ground Water Protection Council January
More informationThis Series of Guides Addresses:
Fracturing What are you calling fracturing? Transport of materials to the well site? Surface equipment and pumping operations? Surface pressure control of the well during drilling or production? Well construction
More informationDrilling for Natural Gas in the Marcellus and Utica Shales: Environmental Regulatory Basics
January 2014 Introduction This fact sheet provides a basic overview of natural gas drilling in the Marcellus and Utica Shale regions of Ohio and the potential environmental issues associated with these
More informationFTSI Fracture Fluids 101
FTSI Fracture Fluids 101 Executive Overview Fracture Fluids 101 Understanding Reservoir Properties Permeability Porosity Fracture Geometry Fluids Behavior Image courtesy of Nexen & Deborah Provais FTS
More informationHydraulic Fracturing in the U.S. Prestige World Wide
Hydraulic Fracturing y g in the U.S. Prestige World Wide Overview Hydraulic Fracturing Fracking y g g 1. The Process & Origins What daily operations are performed John Ryan Davis during a frack job? 2.
More informationInjection Wells. An injection well is a vertical pipe in the ground into which water, other liquids, or gases are
Injection Wells An injection well is a vertical pipe in the ground into which water, other liquids, or gases are pumped or allowed to flow. They are used for many purposes. In the 1930 s oil companies
More informationDivision Mandates. Supervise the drilling, operation, and maintenance of wells to prevent damage to life, health, property, and natural resources.
Division Mandates Supervise the drilling, operation, and maintenance of wells to prevent damage to life, health, property, and natural resources. Supervise and permit the owners/operators to utilize all
More informationUnconventional Resources Development Managing the Risks. Exxon Mobil Corporation September 2014
Unconventional Resources Development Managing the Risks Exxon Mobil Corporation September 2014 Unconventional Resources Development Managing the Risks Executive Summary The following report to ExxonMobil
More informationSHALE FACTS. Production cycle. Ensuring safe and responsible operations
SHALE FACTS Production cycle Ensuring safe and responsible operations Statoil is committed to developing our shale projects in a safe, responsible and open manner. Statoil takes a long term perspective
More informationEPA s Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources
EPA s Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources Presentation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development North Dakota Water Quality
More informationPotential Relationships Between Hydraulic Fracturing and Drinking Water Resources
Potential Relationships Between Hydraulic Fracturing and Drinking Water Resources Initial Approach For Study Design Science Advisory Board Discussion April 7-8, 2010 Washington, DC Objectives Provide approach
More informationCalifornia Well Stimulation Treatment Regulations
California Well Stimulation Treatment Regulations Robert S. Habel California Department of Conservation Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources Division Mandates Supervise the drilling, operation,
More informationUIC Program & Natural Gas Storage
UIC Program & Natural Gas Storage Bob Van Voorhees Bryan Cave LLP GWPC UIC Conference February 21-23, 2017 Austin, Texas 1 Disclaimers This presentation represents the personal views of the presenter and
More informationEPA s Underground Injection Control Program Overview. Solid Waste Advisory Committee Meeting June 5, 2014
EPA s Underground Injection Control Program Overview Solid Waste Advisory Committee Meeting June 5, 2014 Presentation Outline Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program Background 1974 Safe Drinking Water
More informationSOT Executive Summary: The Role of Toxicological Page 2 of 5 Science in Meeting the Challenges and Opportunities of Hydraulic Fracturing
May 9, 2014 Society of Toxicology Executive Summary The Role of Toxicological of Hydraulic Fracturing Toxicological Sciences 139.2 (2014): 271-283; DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfu061 Introduction Advances in the
More informationProposed New 18 CFR Part Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale and Other Formations:
Proposed New 18 CFR Part 440 - Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale and Other Formations: SUBCHAPTER B SPECIAL REGULATIONS * * * * PART 440 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN SHALE AND OTHER FORMATIONS Sec. 440.1 Purpose,
More informationSafely Harvesting Energy
ONTARIO OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION Safely Harvesting Energy An Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing in Ontario A Briefing Note prepared by the: Ontario Petroleum Institute Executive Summary The Ontario
More informationMichigan Department of Environmental Quality Resource Management Division Office of Oil, Gas, and Minerals
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Resource Management Division Office of Oil, Gas, and Minerals DEQ Mission Statement The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality promotes wise management
More informationSPE Distinguished Lecturer Program
SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow
More informationESC Technology and Market Assessment Forum
ESC Technology and Market Assessment Forum Hydraulic Fracturing A Historical and Impact Perspective Kent F. Perry Gas Technology Institute October 27, 2011 Hilton Rosemont Rosemont, IL Topics > Hydraulic
More informationChapter 11 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 11 Fossil Fuels I. Energy Sources and Consumption A. Energy sources that were used were obtained locally and now they are worldwide Fossil fuels Nuclear energy Electricity B. Energy consumption
More informationHydraulic fracturing and water pollution: Investor risks from North America s shale gas boom. Introduction. What is unconventional gas?
Hydraulic fracturing and water pollution: Investor risks from North America s shale gas boom By Paula Barrios, Research Analyst Abstract: North America s vast shale gas resources are projected to become
More informationInjection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal. Long-term reliability and environmental protection
Injection Wells for Liquid-Waste Disposal Long-term reliability and environmental protection ACHIEVE MULTIPLE GOALS FOR LIQUID-WASTE DISPOSAL INJECTION WELLS Expertly located, designed, constructed, and
More informationWhite Paper Executive Summary from the California Independent Petroleum Association
California Independent Petroleum Association Rock Zierman, CEO 1112 I Street, Suite 350 Sacramento, CA 95814 Phone: (916) 447-1177 Fax: (916) 447-1144 E-Mail: rock@cipa.org Hydraulic Fracturing White Paper
More informationFacts of Myths of the Marcellus Shale: A Scientific Perspective
Facts of Myths of the Marcellus Shale: A Scientific Perspective What is natural gas? Methane (CH 4 ; 70-98%), ethane, hexane, propane Trapped in organic sedimentary rock Devonian to Pennsylvanian in age
More informationCONCENTRATE AND BRINE MANAGEMENT THROUGH DEEP WELL INJECTION. Abstract
CONCENTRATE AND BRINE MANAGEMENT THROUGH DEEP WELL INJECTION M.S. Bruno and J. Couture, GeoEnvironment Technologies LLC J.T. Young, Terralog Technologies USA, Inc. Abstract The Reverse Osmosis (RO) process
More informationNatural Gas Extraction. Key Environmental Issues in US EPA Region 2 May 29, 2014
Natural Gas Extraction Key Environmental Issues in US EPA Region 2 May 29, 2014 Disclaimer This presentation does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, any formal or informal EPA determination,
More informationOverview of Offshore Well Completions
Overview of Offshore Well Completions Dennis McDaniel Offshore Operators Committee NASEM Workshop: Offshore Well Completion and Stimulation using Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Technologies October 2,
More informationNatural Gas A Game Changer
Natural Gas A Game Changer Water Resources Old Issues Environment Industry Citizens A Balance is Needed - Lithuania New Issues Presented by: Mr. Brian Oram, Professional Geologist (PG), Soil Scientist,
More informationSlurry Injection Technology
An Introduction to Slurry Injection Technology for Disposal of Drilling Wastes Because wastes are injected deep into the earth below drinking water zones, proper slurry injection operations should pose
More informationOutline. Senate Bill 4 Overview
Senate Bill 4 Overview Outline Types of Well Stimulation Treatments Why Well Stimulation Treatments are Necessary Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing in Ventura County History of Sespe Oil Field Operations
More informationSHELL ONSHORE OPERATING PRINCIPLES
SHELL ONSHORE OPERATING PRINCIPLES FOR TIGHT SAND OR SHALE OIL AND GAS In 2011, Shell publicly shared five aspirational operating principles that govern the activities where we operate and where hydraulic
More informationHydraulic Fracturing: An Overview of the Legal Issues
Annual Institute on Mineral Law Volume 59 The 59th Annual Institute on Mineral Law Article 17 3-22-2012 Hydraulic Fracturing: An Overview of the Legal Issues Keith B. Hall Louisiana State University Law
More informationHydraulic Fracturing in California: Water Quality Protection
Testimony of Jayni Foley Hein Executive Director Center for Law, Energy & the Environment UC Berkeley School of Law Before the Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee and Assembly Natural Resources
More informationPetrotechnical Expert Services. Multidisciplinary expertise, technology integration, and collaboration to improve operations
Petrotechnical Expert Services Multidisciplinary expertise, technology integration, and collaboration to improve operations From reservoir characterization and comprehensive development planning to production
More informationCarboxylmethyl Hydroxypropyl. Oil and Gas Field Applications. Room Workingberg Commercial Building E Marble Road Hong Kong
Carboxylmethyl Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum Oil and Gas Field Applications improved viscosity reduced friction substantial savings Room 905 - Workingberg Commercial Building E - 1- Marble Road Hong Kong TABLE
More informationUpdated June International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
Updated June 2013 International Association of Oil & Gas Producers We are working for safe, sustainable exploration & development in Europe Successful exploration of gas from shale could potentially provide
More informationNorth Dakota Department of Mineral Resources
North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources NDGS Research Arm OGD Regulatory Arm https://www.dmr.nd.gov/oilgas/ https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/ 600 East Boulevard Ave. - Dept 405 Bismarck, ND 58505-0840
More informationMaking the Switch to Natural Quartz and Resin Coated Proppant. Fabian Ros & Joey Chbeir
Making the Switch to Natural Quartz and Resin Coated Proppant Fabian Ros & Joey Chbeir IS THERE A CASE FOR USING SAND AS A PROPPANT IN LA VACA MUERTE? IS THERE A CASE FOR USING SAND AS A PROPPANT IN LA
More informationShale Gas (D: unkonventionelles Erdgas )
1 Shale Gas (D: unkonventionelles Erdgas ) Aus: W. Zittel (ASPO) Kurzstudie Unkonventionelles Erdgas, 2010 Shale + Tight Gas (worldwide resources) In total: shale gas volume convential gas tight gas 50%
More informationPetroleum & Natural Gas Engineering (PNGE) Penn State University
Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering (PNGE) Penn State University PNGE Quick Facts Slide 2 Penn State PNGE ranked top-tier program 4 th in the world for petroleum engineering programs by CEOWORLD magazine
More informationRemote Sensing and Non-renewable Energy Resources
Remote Sensing and Non-renewable Energy Resources A presentation by Gregory Herman, TCNJ 2015 adapted from prior presentations by Karl Muessig, the University of West Florida, and Exxon-Mobil Corp Common
More informationWater Issues Relating to Unconventional Oil and Gas Production
Water Issues Relating to Unconventional Oil and Gas Production John Veil 410 212 0950 john@veilenvironmental.com www.veilenvironmental.com National Research Council Workshop on the Development of Unconventional
More informationWater/Energy Sustainability Symposium 2010 Annual Forum Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania September 26-29, 2010
CONSIDERATIONS FOR TREATING WATER ASSOCIATED WITH SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT GROUNDWATER PROTECTION COUNCIL Water/Energy Sustainability Symposium 2010 Annual Forum Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania September 26-29,
More informationEXTRACTING HYDROCARBONS FROM UNCONVENTIONAL SHALES BY DAVID AMMONS AND JAMES SHEPPARD*
EXTRACTING HYDROCARBONS FROM UNCONVENTIONAL SHALES BY DAVID AMMONS AND JAMES SHEPPARD* I. Introduction The lower 48 states have a wide distribution of hydrocarbon-rich shale formations. Although exploration
More informationThe Opportunities, Challenges, and Unknowns of Shale Gas Exploration
The Opportunities, Challenges, and Unknowns of Shale Gas Exploration H. A L L E N K L A I B E R A S S I S T A N T P R O F E S S O R, A E D E C O N O M I C S T H E O H I O S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y
More informationThe Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act of 2011
The Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act of 2011 Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs The Earth Institute MPA in Environmental Science and Policy Fall Workshop
More informationArtificial Lift Technique (VI Semester)
Artificial Lift Technique (VI Semester) Q.1. What do you mean by artificial lift technique in Petroleum industry? Answer. Artificial lift is a means of overcoming bottomhole pressure so that a well can
More informationhttps://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/fiscal-notes/2015/october/frackin...
1 of 7 11/21/2017, 12:31 PM Glenn Hegar Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts [comptroler.texas.gov/economy/fiscal-notes/] Drillers Reuse, Repeat by Jackie Benton By now, most Texans surely know that the
More informationFRACKING AND CLEAN WATER: A SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS. A Survey Conducted for the Civil Society Institute
FRACKING AND CLEAN WATER: A SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS A Survey Conducted for the Civil Society Institute December 21, 2010 Methodology The survey was conducted November 26-30, 2010 among a sample
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions Directive 083: Hydraulic Fracturing Subsurface Integrity January 2016 Q1. How does the AER differentiate between a dual- and single-barrier system? A1. A dual-barrier system
More informationOil and Gas Expertise for Gas Shale Fracturing
International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol:12 No:04 76 Oil and Gas Expertise for Gas Shale Fracturing Mingxing Bai, Xiaohua Pan, Lingyu Wang, Xue Sun, and Renke Petersen Abstract
More informationHydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Wells: A Threat to Drinking Water
Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Wells: A Threat to Drinking Water We strongly urge the Senate, in considering energy legislation, to reject section 604 of S. 1766. This provision would effectively
More informationShaleGas:- Opportunities and Barriers: A UK Perspective. Professor Peter Styles, Applied and Environmental Geophysics Research Group
ShaleGas:- Opportunities and Barriers: A UK Perspective Professor Peter Styles, Applied and Environmental Geophysics Research Group 1 Stop Press! SHEER 2.7 Million Euros HORIZON2020 Research Grant for
More informationResponsible Environmental Management of Oil and Gas Activities in New Brunswick Case Studies and Lessons Learned
Responsible Environmental Management of Oil and Gas Activities in New Brunswick Case Studies and Lessons Learned New Brunswick Natural Gas Group May 2012 GNB8750 Responsible Environmental Management of
More informationOil and Gas Services. A Day in the Life of a Barrel of Water Evaluating total life cycle costs of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Robin Watts Oil & Gas
Oil and Gas Services. A Day in the Life of a Barrel of Water Evaluating total life cycle costs of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Robin Watts Oil & Gas Technology Manager, Oil & Gas Services, Linde LLC Content
More informationWater Resources and Oil & Gas Production. Robert W. Puls, Ph.D. Director, Oklahoma Water Survey University of Oklahoma
Water Resources and Oil & Gas Production Robert W. Puls, Ph.D. Director, Oklahoma Water urvey University of Oklahoma Energy and Water are Inextricably linked Energy for Water and Water for Energy Energy
More informationWhy a Little Fracking Knowledge is a Good Thing
Why a Little Fracking Knowledge is a Good Thing Alex MacWilliam, Partner - Calgary Jason Schumacher, Partner - Dallas Association of Corporate Counsel - Houston Chapter June 11, 2013 About Dentons We are
More informationA Technical Assessment of Protection of Underground Sources of Drinking Water under the UIC Rule and Aquifer Exemption Program
Protection of Underground Sources of Drinking Water under the UIC Rule and Houston, TX Austin, TX Newport Beach, CA Oakland, CA 713.522.6300 www.gsi-net.com Protection of Underground Sources of Drinking
More informationOIL & GAS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PAPERS
OIL & GAS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PAPERS Contents AIR OIL & GAS RESEARCH... 2 WATER OIL & GAS RESEARCH... 7 HEALTH OIL & GAS RESEARCH... 11 OTHER OIL & GAS RESEARCH... 13 In red = accepted for publication,
More informationHydraulic Fracturing & Public Health: What we know, what we can infer and how we can move forward
Hydraulic Fracturing & Public Health: What we know, what we can infer and how we can move forward Merry Turtiak, Alberta Health Canadian Public Health Association 2014 May 29, 2014 Overview The Basics:
More information1. Activate students' prior knowledge about the environmental effects of extracting energy resources.
This website would like to remind you: Your browser (Apple Safari 7) is out of date. Update your browser for more security, comfort and the best experience on this site. Activitydevelop Evaluating Natural
More informationADVISORY Securities SEC ASKING MORE QUESTIONS ABOUT HYDRAULIC FRACTURING BACKGROUND. September 7, 2011
ADVISORY Securities September 7, 2011 SEC ASKING MORE QUESTIONS ABOUT HYDRAULIC FRACTURING The SEC has joined the ranks of federal and state legislators and regulators in taking a closer look at hydraulic
More informationWATER USED FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: AMOUNTS, SOURCES, REUSE,
WATER USED FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: AMOUNTS, SOURCES, REUSE, AND DISPOSAL GROUND WATER PROTECTION COUNCIL 2011 Annual Forum Atlanta, GA September 24-28, 2011 David Alleman, ALL Consulting PROJECT FUNDING
More informationHydraulic Fracturing Principles and Operating Practices
Hydraulic Fracturing Principles and Operating Practices Select Committee on Hydraulic Fracturing January 31, 2014 Alex Ferguson, VP Policy & Environment 1 Hydraulic Fracturing is not new Natural gas and
More informationApproach Optimizes Frac Treatments
JULY 2011 The Better Business Publication Serving the Exploration / Drilling / Production Industry Approach Optimizes Frac Treatments By Jamel Belhadi, Hariharan Ramakrishnan and Rioka Yuyan HOUSTON Geologic,
More informationChapter 4 Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
Chapter 4 This chapter summarizes the information EPA collected on the types and volumes of fracturing fluids and additives that may be used for hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane wells. This chapter
More informationEverything You Always Wanted to Know About Class I Injection Wells in Texas
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Class I Injection Wells in Texas Lorrie Council, P.G., Manager UIC Permits Section Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Shelly Bergel, MLEIP Intern Summer
More informationHydraulic Fracturing: Selected Legal Issues
Adam Vann Legislative Attorney Brandon J. Murrill Legislative Attorney Mary Tiemann Specialist in Environmental Policy November 15, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43152 Summary
More informationRichard L. Wilson. Richard L. Wilson Loyola University in Maryland Philosophy Engineering Management UMBC 6/8/2016 1
Engineering Management UMBC 1 Social Sustainability In this analysis Social Sustainability will be taken to include economic, ecological, political, social and cultural sustainability. The natural and
More informationFossil Energy s Oil and Gas Program
Fossil Energy s Oil and Gas Program Advancing Technologies to Ensure Safe and Prudent Oil & Gas Development The SHALE Exchange October 29 31, 2014 Pittsburgh PA Jared Ciferno Strategic Center for Natural
More informationRECYCLING PRODUCED & FLOWBACK WASTEWATER FOR FRACKING TECHNOLOGY. Clarifying misconceptions on the obstacles for frac water reuse
RECYCLING PRODUCED & FLOWBACK WASTEWATER FOR FRACKING by Eli Gruber, President & CEO Ecologix Environmental Systems Clarifying misconceptions on the obstacles for frac water reuse TECHNOLOGY 01110000 01110101
More informationDeep-Shale Gas Drilling
Deep-Shale Gas Drilling Concerns for farmers and rural communities Joe Logan Director of Agricultural Policy Ohio Environmental Council (DATE 2011) Gas drilling in deep shale = unconventional Water, sand,
More informationChapter 17: Fossil Fuels and the Environment
Chapter 17: Fossil Fuels and the Environment Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are forms of stored solar energy Plants convert solar energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis Incomplete decomposed organic
More informationlaid in the early to mid 20th century with a lifespan of years. With utilities averaging a pipe
OVERVIEW Drinking water is delivered via one million miles of pipes across the country. Many of those pipes were laid in the early to mid 20 th century with a lifespan of 75 to 100 years. The quality of
More informationDEEP INJECTION WELL CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
DEEP INJECTION WELL CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION MORGAN COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT UIC WELL STAKEHOLDERS HAL DEMUTH, M.S. WES JANES, P.G. PETROTEK ENGINEERING CORPORATION SEPTEMBER 19, 2017 2
More informationCoal Bed Methane (black coal, green future.)
Global coal distribution Coal Bed Methane (black coal, green future.) What is CMB? Formation of Also know as: - Coalbed gas - Coal seam gas (CSM) Biogenic methane is produced by anaerobic bacteria in the
More informationUnconventional Gas & Oil Environmental & Regulatory Issues. Robert Kleinberg Schlumberger Research Cambridge, Massachusetts.
31st USAEE/IAEE North American Conference Unconventional Gas & Oil Workshop Unconventional Gas & Oil Environmental & Regulatory Issues Robert Kleinberg Schlumberger Research Cambridge, Massachusetts 7
More informationSPE Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers
SPE 152530 Impact of Completion System, Staging, and Hydraulic Fracturing Trends in the Bakken Formation of the Eastern Williston Basin Randy F. LaFollette, SPE, William D. Holcomb, SPE, and Jorge Aragon,
More informationShale Gas. By David Simpson, PE. Copyright 2012 MuleShoe Engineering 1
Shale Gas By David Simpson, PE www.muleshoe-eng.com eng 1 Copyright 2012 MuleShoe Engineering 1 What is Unconventional Gas? Unconventional gas is the stuff that the industry tended to skip over when there
More informationGWPC Shale Gas and Water Use Presentation September 28, 2010
GWPC Shale Gas and Water Use Presentation September 28, 2010 Deep Shale Natural Gas and Water Use, Part Two: Abundant, Affordable, and Still Water Efficient Matthew E. Mantell, P.E. Corporate Environmental
More informationStatus of Shale Gas Development in New Brunswick. Habitation 2012
Status of Shale Gas Development in New Brunswick Angie Leonard, Senior Advisor, CAPP Habitation 2012 St. Andrews, New Brunswick February 9, 2012 What Is CAPP? CAPP s mission is to enhance the economic
More informationHydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS)
Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS) Update > USTDA Workshop Beijing, China > December 3, 2015 > Presented by: Eddie Johnston, VP Research, GTI Program Objective > The mission of HFTS is to increase shale
More informationParish and Town Councillors meetings Chesterfield, Frodsham and Malton
Parish and Town Councillors meetings Chesterfield, Frodsham and Malton 9-11 May 2016 This is a consolidation of the three presentations given in each regional area Presenters Tom Crotty - Communications
More informationApplication for Gas Exploration and Production
1800 Washington Blvd. Suite 655 Baltimore Maryland 21230 Application for Gas Exploration and Production This application is to be used to obtain a permit to Drill and Operate a well, within the State for
More informationTruth and Lies About Hydraulic Fracturing
Explorer Commentary Truth and Lies About Hydraulic Fracturing By Terry Engelder Terry Engelder During my recent 11-country AAPG Distinguished Lecture tour in Europe I had many requests for The Environmental
More informationOil and Gas Fast Facts and Frequently Asked Questions February 19, 2013
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Oil and Gas Fast Facts and Frequently Asked Questions February 19, 2013 FACTS Property Rights and Interests Property rights: each tract of land contains a set of rights
More informationStudent Name. School Name and City,
Pre Event Assignment (Credit for 1 workshop will be given for completing this assignment) Advisors: 1. Confirm completion of each section. 2. Sign your initials in the PRE- EVENT column of the student
More informationU.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2015
U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2015 December 2016 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the
More informationStaff will monitor Bills as the move through the legislative process
May 2, 2013 There are a number of legislative proposals concerning Hydraulic Fracturing: AB 288 (Levine) AB 7 (Wieckowski) AB 982 (Williams) AB 669 (Stone) SB 4 (Pavley) SB 395 (Jackson) SB 665 (Wolk)
More informationWater Management Planning in the Eagle Ford Shale Play
Water Management Planning in the Eagle Ford Shale Play J. D A N I E L A R T H U R, P. E., S P E C P R E S I D E N T / P R O J E C T M A N A G E R A L L C O N S U L T I N G T U L S A, O K L A H O M A P
More informationResponsible Shale Gas Development Collectively unlocking the greatest energy resource in a generation
Marcellus Shale Coalition: 2011 Shale Gas Insight Conference Philadelphia, Pennsylvania September 8, 2011 speech by: Paul Smith, EVP, North American Operations, Talisman Energy Inc. Responsible Shale Gas
More informationPROTECTING WATER RESOURCES
PROTECTING WATER RESOURCES WATER AT A GLANCE OUR PURPOSE Appropriately manage our impacts on water resources and ensure water security for our business and other water users. Laws and regulations Water
More information