Assessment for Non-Traditional. Ilona Kastenhofer & Robert Hofrichter

Transcription

1 Multimodal Transportation Impact Assessment for Non-Traditional Development Presenters: Ilona Kastenhofer & Robert Hofrichter VASITE Annual Meeting, June 27, 2013

2 Use of Language Multimodal transportation impact assessment has been standard practice for years; we just still call it traffic impact analysis (TIA). VDOT s TIA Regulations address the four modes: auto, transit, walking, and biking. 7/10/2013 2

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4 Traffic vs. Transportation Impact The word traffic in TIA is legacy language. The expression traffic impact analysis is in the Code of VA, in the applications of the law (including VDOT s Traffic Impact Analysis Regulations, 24VAC30-155), and in general practice. 7/10/2013 4

5 Expressions Used for Development Types New urbanism: encompasses principles such as traditional neighborhood development (TND) and transit-oriented development (TOD). TND: refers to development of a complete neighborhood or town using traditional town planning principles. 7/10/2013 5

6 Expressions Used for Development Types (cont.) TOD: a mixed-use residential and commercial area designed to maximize access to public transportation Smart growth: growth is concentrated in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl, focuses on sustainability. 7/10/2013 6

7 Expressions Used for Development Types (cont.) Infill: use of land within a built-up up area for further construction, especially as part of a community redevelopment or growth management program or as part of smart growth. Summary of development types: Mixed- use, Infill, Transit-oriented, Urban, Smart growth: MITUS. 7/10/2013 7

8 MITUS Developments on the Rise Auto-focused suburban development had become the default development type over many decades, with the key features of sprawl, single use, (mostly) no transit, no walking, and no biking. MITUS developments go back to the tradition of city/town centers that were the norm before suburbs. 7/10/2013 8

9 TIA Examples of Multimodal Transportation Impact Assessment Springfield Town Center, Fairfax CO:1.5 million SF office; 2.1 million SF retail; two 225- room hotels; 2,250 residential units. Prince William Station, Prince William CO: 4 million SF office; 750,000 SF retail; one 600- room hotel; 2,000 residential units. Founders Square, Arlington: 230,000 SF general office; 330, SF secure office; 8,000 SF retail; 400 apartments. 7/10/2013 9

10 Springfield Town Center Proposed Improvements Auto: additional through lanes, turn lanes, signals. TDM: TDM coordinator, transit literature, ride share program. Transit: expanded shuttle service to Metro and VRE stations, additional stops to the circulator bus routes. Pedestrian/Bike: pedestrian/bike facilities to connect site to nearby developments and Franconia-Springfield Station.

11 Prince William Station Proposed Improvements Auto: additional lanes, optimized signal timing, new roundabouts, new signals, new entrances. TDM: promotion of non-auto modes. Transit: major transit facilities. Pedestrian/Bike: pedestrian-friendly grid street development.

12 Founders Square Proposed Improvements Auto: additional lanes, optimized signal timing, roundabouts, new signals, new entrances. TDM: promotion of non-auto modes. Transit: major transit facilities. Pedestrian/Bike: pedestrian-friendly grid street development.

13 TIA Examples of Multimodal Transportation Impact Assessment Arrowbrook Center, Fairfax CO: 422,000 SF office; 163,000 SF retail; 407 residential units. Brooks Crossing, Newport News: 51,000 SF office; 107,000 SF retail; 96 apartments. Lorton Workhouse Arts Center, Fairfax CO: 92,000 SF gallery;104,600 SF school, 17,000 restaurants/day cares, 43 residential units. 7/10/

14 Arrowbrook Center Developer Proffers Auto: traffic signal, entrances to site, 2 turn lanes. TDM: SmarTrip cards, business center, carpool program. Transit: 2 bus shelters. Pedestrian/Bike: amenities for both.

15 Brooks Crossing Proposed Improvements Auto: re-timed signals, peak hour lane use management, reconstruction of I-66 off ramp, new traffic signal. TDM: none. Transit: none. Pedestrian/Bike: internal sidewalks following VDOT/AASHTO standards for shared path use.

16 Lorton Workhouse Arts Center Proposed Improvements Auto: 2 additional site entrances, re-timed traffic signals. TDM: none. Transit: shuttle service to offsite parking during events. Pedestrian/Bike: internal pedestrian network.

17 Analysis Methods for the Six TIAs All 6 TIAs followed VDOT s TIA Regulations to estimate: generated auto trips (ITE) internal capture rate pass by trips auto trip reduction for transit use. No alternative ti methods were used (if supported by evidence, use of alternative methods is option). 7/10/

18 Current Standard Practice Chapter 527 (2006 Acts of the VA Assembly) regulates preparation, submission, and review of TIA. Trip generation is the key element in determining level of impact of proposed development. Transit, walking, biking, and TDM are considered when appropriate. ITE 2004 Ti Trip Generation Handbook kis current standard practice for trip generation. 7/10/

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20 ITE Trip Generation Features Based on data collected at mostly suburban sites with single-use developments generally not served by transit. Methods over-estimate trip generation for mixeduse, infill, transit-oriented, and urban developments. (ITE agrees.) Literature supports these findings (e.g., HNTB study for VDOT, NCHRP reports, Caltrans). 7/10/

21 VDOT Mandate The April 2010 TIA amendment requires that VDOT have at least one non-ite trip generation methodology or alternative rate approved for the use in preparation of small area plan traffic impact statements at all times after July 1, Small area plan (SAP) is mixed-use development plan for multiple contiguous properties either within an urban development area or for a TOD. A SAP is at least 1/2 square mile unless otherwise approved by VDOT. 7/10/

22 SAP Must Include: 1. Densities of at least 4 residential units/acre and floor:area ratio of at least 0.4 or some proportional combination thereof. 2. Mixed-use neighborhoods, h including mixed housing types and integration of residential, office, and retail development. 3. Reduction of front and side yard building setbacks. 4. Pedestrian-friendly road design and connectivity of road and pedestrian networks. 7/10/

23 Process for Selecting a Non-ITE Method Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, PI: Ilona Kastenhofer, completed a study to recommend a non-ite trip generation methodology for preparing SAP TIAs. Essential for study: close coordination with VDOT s Transportation and Mobility Planning Division (TMPD) and districts. Technical Review Panel: Robert Hofrichter, Chair, TMPD; Kanti Srikanth and Alex Faghri, NOVA District; and John Miller, VCTIR. 7/10/

24 Criteria for Method Selection 1. Method must be a non-ite method. 2. Method must be applicable to SAPs. 3. Method must be available by July 1, Methods validated by others are preferred. 5. Method must meet criteria 1, 2, and 3. 7/10/

25 Methods Reviewed 1. ITE internal capture rates. 2. NCHRP Report EPA Mixed Use (MXD). 4. URBEMIS 2007, trip generation component. 5. MTC Travel Survey-Based Vehicle Trip 6. NCHRP For each method, baseline is number of trips based on ITE trip generation rates. 7/10/

26 Key Features of Methods All methods begin with estimating trips using ITE trip generation rates. Various methods are then used to estimate trip reductions. Information regarding g only internal site features is required when estimating trips using ITE trip generation rates. Information regarding various external and additional internal features is required for estimating trips with non-ite methods. 7/10/

27 ITE Internal Capture Rates for Mixed-Use Development and NCHRP 684 Methods ITE Internal Capture Rates: 2004 Trip pgeneration Handbook provides internal capture rates for office, retail, and residential uses. NCHRP Report 684: Supplements 2004 Trip Generation Handbook by developing internal capture rates for restaurants, cinemas, and hotels; provides Excel spreadsheet for calculations for six uses. Data required on mode split (auto, transit, nonmotorized), vehicle occupancy, and onsite walking distances. 7/10/

28 EPA MXD Method Developed based on travel surveys at multi-use sites in 6 metro areas. Provides trip reductions for internal capture, external transit trips, and external non-motorized trips. Requires data on employment within 1 mile of the development and within 30- minute transit trip. 7/10/

29 URBEMIS 2007 Method Component of air quality analysis tool in California; source code is privately owned. Variables include density, mixed-use, transit, street connectivity, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, transportationdemand management. Does not provide peak-hour trips. 7/10/

30 MTC Travel Survey-Based Method Developed for TODs in San Francisco near high-capacity rail and ferry services. Adjusts ITE trip rates based on density of urban environment and proximity to rail/ferry transit. Still in experimental phase. Applicability outside San Francisco is questionable. 7/10/

31 NCHRP Method An active research project to develop method for infill development projects within existing higherdensity urban and suburban areas to estimate trips, modal split, and parking needs. Report is in edit; publication is expected this fall, so this method could not be evaluated. Based on preliminary information, this method will also use traditional dii lite trip generation rates as the first step, which is followed by estimating trip reductions. 7/10/

32 Applicability of Methods ITE internal capture rate and NCHRP 684 methods are not non-ite. EPA MXD method is applicable. URBEMIS 2007 method is applicable. MTC Travel Survey-Based Vehicle Trip method is not applicable as it requires availability of high-capacity h it transit. UC Davis found average absolute error of EPA MXD method for daily trips to be 11%; that for other methods was 19% to 39%. 7/10/

33 Final Method Selection Four methods did not meet at least 1 of the 3 required criteria. Two methods met all 3 criteria: EPA MXD and URBEMIS 2007, trip generation component. EPA MXD: easy availability, validated, reasonable data requirements and accuracy. URBEMIS: source code issues, data intensive, no peak hour estimates, and no validation. 7/10/

34 Final Method Selection (cont.) Authors and TRP agreed on selecting EPA MXD method. NOVA, HR, and Richmond district staff asked for comments from consultants regarding EPA MXD method. 2 of 4 consultants supported and 2 did not express concerns with selecting the EPA MXD method for implementation. 7/10/

35 Conclusion VDOT approved EPA s MXD Method version 4.0 for SAP TISs as of July 1, The method was made available on July 1, 2011, on the VDOT and EPA websites. Monitoring of SAP TIS applications between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2013, is under way. Based on progress of methods developed nationally, VDOT might consider modifying its TIA Regulations as appropriate. 7/10/

36 Post-Selection Events General Assembly made designation of Urban Development Areas (UDA) optional in VDOT s adoption of alternative method was to support implementation of UDA requirement in high growth localities. Only 1 SAP submission was received under VDOT s TIA Regulations (it used ITE Trip Generation instead of EPA MXD). 7/10/

37 Issues Remaining The selected method focuses on mixed- use only and is limited in considering external variables (as all current methods are). Estimating the multimodal transportation impact of MITUS (mixed-use, infill, transit- oriented, urban, and smart growth) developments will require further research and method development. 7/10/

38 Thank you! Questions?