Fighting against the carbon challenge sequestration and new coal burning technology

Transcription

1 Fighting against the carbon challenge sequestration and new coal burning technology John Topper Managing Director, IEA Clean Coal Centre London, December 2005

2 IEA Clean Coal Centre Members Austria Italy Japan Rep. of Korea Canada UK Germany CEC USA Anglo S Africa Danish Power Group Eskom S Africa ACIC Australia CANZ N Zealand BRICC China BHEL India NIG BG Group UK Eletrobras, Brazil

3 World Primary Energy Demand (Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2004) Oil Mtoe Natural gas Coal Other renewables Nuclear power Hydro power Fossil fuels account for almost 90% of the growth in energy demand between now and 2030

4 Background and Content EmissionsTargets for Zero Emission Technologies (ZETs) Main technologies PCC = Pulverised coal combustion IGCC = Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles CFBC = Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion NGCC = Natural Gas Combined Cycle Pathways and timelines International roadmaps

5 Current plant emissions and suggested ZETs targets (stack gas concentrations at 6% O 2, dry) Techn gy SO2 NOx as NO2 Particles CO2 mg/m³ mg/m³ mg/m³ kg/kwh Coal today PCC (98% by FGD) (SCR) CFBC As PCC < <50 IGCC 98-99% removal <75 <1 Natural gas today NGCC Negligible <30 (SCR) ~370 Coal in 2020 PCC as ZETs <100 (interim) <30 (eventual) <100 (interim) <50 eventual) <10 >85% removal IGCC as ZETs <25 <25 <1 >85% removal

6 Technologies as possible bases for ZETs CO 2 capture over-riding in setting ZETs plant designs As platforms for CO 2 capture, supercritical PCC and IGCC most valuable PCC: large commercial base and experience of flue gas scrubbing for CO 2 capture IGCC: good emissions performance and possible less efficiency loss for CO 2 capture Both needed to allow for different drivers and policies in different countries CFBC will have a niche role

7 CO 2 capture systems for PCC - ZETs N 2, excess O 2, H 2 O, etc Air and coal Boiler De-NOx, FGD, ESP Amine scrubbing CO 2 to storage Flue gas scrubbing Recycle combustion gases Oxygen and coal Boiler Moisture removal Contaminants removal CO 2 to storage Oxy-coal combustion

8 Elsam s Esjberg Power Station With CO 2 capture pilot plant

9 2005 Possible pathway to PCC-ZETs to Advanced USC PCC demo non-co 2 capture Advanced USC PCC commercial non-co 2 capture S/C PCC Hg activities: removal methods characterisation SO 2, NOx, particulates control: reduce cost of systems CO 2 capture: Large plant chemical scrubbing demo First commercial sales PCC-ZETs retrofits and new Advanced PCC-ZETs CO 2 capture R&D activities: New solvents, heat integration Other absorbents Membrane contactors Adsorption Oxy-coal test programmes Oxy-coal large plant demo Oxy-coal demo ITM oxygen plants commercial

10 CO 2 pre-combustion capture for IGCC - ZETs Hydrogen to gas turbine Coal plus oxygen Gasification and solids removal Shift Acid gas removal system CO 2 to storage Steam Hydrogen sulphide to sulphur recovery

11 Possible pathway to 2025 for IGCC-ZETs Further large demonstration non-co 2 capture IGCC plants Commercial non-co 2 capture IGCC plants HGCU R&D: particulates SO 2, NH 3 mercury, CO 2 IGCC commercial scale demos F-class hydrogen turbine development and commercialisation (other markets) CO 2 capture R&D: membrane separation membrane reactors PSA CO 2 capture: physical scrubbing demo Early full flow IGCC ZETs demonstrations ITM oxygen plants commercial Advanced IGCC ZETs plants various technologies multi-products

12 Why we need both technologies! Uncertainty in R & D not sure of outcomes and associated costs for ultra-supercritical PCC and IGCC IGCC looks more suitable when CO2 Capture is involved but it is currently higher risk and will take years to see market penetration Construction policy in China and India favours PCC where most new build will occur

13 CO2 Storage Demonstration Projects 50 Acid Gas Injection in North America 4 New CO2-EOR Pilots in Canada Snohvit Penn West Alberta ECBM Weyburn Teapot Dome Mountaineer Rangely West Pearl Queen Burlington Frio Sleipner K-12B CO2SINK RECOPOL Hokkaido Sibilla Qinshui Basin In Salah 70 CO2-EOR projects in U.S.A. Key Gorgon ECBM projects EOR projects Cerro Fortunoso Gas production fields Saline aquifer Nagaoka

14 A m in e C O 2 R e m o va l P r o c e s s in g F a c ilit ie s C re ta ce o u s Sa n d sto n e s & M u d sto n e s ~ m e tre s t h ic k (R e g io n a l A q u ife r ) 4 G a s P r o d u c t io n W e lls 3 C O 2 In j e c t io n W e lls C a r b o n ife r o u s M u d s t o n e s ~ m e t r e s t h ic k C a r b o n if e r o u s R e s e r v o ir ~ 2 0 m e t r e s t h ic k G as T h e C O 2 S t o r a g e S c h e m e at K re ch b a W a te r CO2 Storage at Krechba, InSalah, courtesy of BP, Sonatrach and Statoil

15 Roadmaps

16 C O O R E T E C : Roadmap Federal Ministry of Economy and Labour Potential of Utilisation on Time Scale Vision Procedures Steam PP η=55% Gas pp η=65% Min. Leaks Capture Steam PP η=50% CO2-Reservoirs with Gas PP η>60% Membranes Materials 700 C Protection Systems CO2- Wash Materials 800 C CO2/H2-Turbine Oxyfuel- Demo Materials Hybrid- Power Plant IGCC Demo Zero- Emission Power Plant Strategielinie: Effizienz Strategielinie:CO2-Capture/ Storage low medium Risk of R&D high Referat IX A 8

17 CCS Timeline Immediate Issues to be Addressed :- Design Studies Performance Standards Monitoring & Verification Legal/Regulatory Demo operational Commence build CCS operational Commence Demo

18 Components of FP7? Continued focus on Carbon Capture and Storage Re-introduction of Clean Coal Technology in recognition of the drive for greater efficiency whilst CCS is developed and deployed Technology Platform to advise on strategy and direction of these two elements - P Dechamps Nov Directorate General for Research

19 USA: New Technologies Emerging from R&D Fuel Cells Carbon Sequestration Gasification with Cleanup Separation H 2 Production Optimized Turbines System Integration J. Ekmann, International Clean Coal Conference, May 10-12,2005

20 Electricity Deprivation (Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2004) In 2030 there could still be 1.4 billion people without electricity

21 China Future Ordering Patterns 30 New Orders to meet IEA/Interfax/McCoy/China Energy Forecast Thermal Capacity 2020 Prediction = 720GW GW No. 600MW Units

22 Conclusions ZETs needed to maintain power security As platforms for ZETs, supercritical PCC and IGCC most likely to dominate future markets Incentives needed for conventional IGCC demonstrations also as a foundation for IGCC-ZETs Concentrate on increased efficiency and lower emissions of conventional pollutants whilst developing and deploying CCS technologies Urgent need for demonstrations of commercial power production with CO2 capture and storage