Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(4): Research Article

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1 Available online Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 212, 4(4): Research Article ISSN : CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Assessment of some physiochemical parameters in different stages of Sewage Treatment Plant with special reference to Kotra (STP) Bhopal, M.P. (India) Kalpana Kumari Thakur 1, Avinash Bajpai 2 and Shailbala Singh Baghel 1 1 Department of Chemistry, Sarojini Naidu Govt. P.G. College, Bhopal, (M. P.), INDIA 2 Makhanlal Chaturvedi University, Bhopal, (M. P.), INDIA ABSTRACT Present study is focused to assess the water quality at different stages of sewage treatment plant. The sample of waste water from Kotra Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) situated at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh were collected quarterly from June 211 to February 212. Some physico-chemical parameter namely ph, BOD, COD, DO were analysed using standard methods. The result obtained indicates that the sewage treatment plant works efficiently and treated water can be used for agricultural & industrial uses. Keywords: waste water, BOD, COD, DO, ph, sewage. INTRODUCTION Wastewater is the water that has been used for secondary purposes and must be treated before it is released into another water body, so that it does not cause further pollution of water sources. Wastewater comes from a variety of sources. Everything that you flush down your toilet or rinse down the drain is wastewater. Rainwater and runoff, along with various pollutants, go down street gutters and number eventually end up at a wastewater treatment facility. Wastewater can also come from agricultural and industrial sources. Some Wastewater is water that has been used and must be treated before it is released into another body of wastewaters are more difficult to treat than others; for example, industrial wastewater can be difficult to treat, whereas domestic wastewater is relatively easy to treat (though it is increasingly difficult to treat domestic waste, due to increased amounts of pharmaceuticals and personal care products that are found in domestic wastewater. According to report by Central Pollution Control Board (25) disposal of about 29 MLD domestic sewage from cities and towns is the biggest source of pollution of water bodies in India[1]. A large of rivers stretches are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage. Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in irrigation sector and result in huge savings in terms of nutritional value of sewage in irrigation. Now a day, both surface and ground water resources are contaminated by various sources like industrial effluents, agricultural discharge and municipal waste water associated with large amount of inorganic and organic toxic pollutants along with harmful pathogens (Okoh A.I,27) [2].Sewage discharges are a major component of water pollution, contributing to oxygen demand and nutrient loading of the water bodies, promoting toxic, algal blooms and leading to a destabilized aquatic ecosystem (WRC, 1995,2:Morrision,21) [3,4,5]. 2295

2 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION The present Sewage Treatment Plant is situated at a geographical location: Kotra, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India within the geographical coordinates of 23 o N, 77 o E. Kotra sewage treatment plant receives the wastewater generated in Nehru Nagar, Kotra Sultanabad and adjoining areas. Kotra sewage treatment plant is designed to treat 1. MLD sewage. Kotra STP is based on stabilization techniques using anaerobic and facultative ponds. Waste water samples were collected from Entry, Anaerobic pond No.2 (A-2), Facultative pond No. 2(F-2), Rock filter and Cascade at Kotra sewage treatment plant, Bhopal. Samples were collected quarterly from June 211 to February 212.Samples were analysed to determine the working efficiency of different ponds of sewage treatment plant. Samples were collected in glass containers, pre-cleaned by washing with non-ionic detergents, rinsed with tap water, 1:1 hydrochloric acid and finally with deionised water. Before sampling, the bottles were rinsed three times with sample water and then filled and ph, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand and Dissolved oxygen were analysed according to the methods prescribed by the APHA (APHA, 1998)[6]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The waste water quality analysis of different stages, namely, entry, anaerobic pond no.2, facultative pond no.2,rock filter and cascade of sewage treatment plant Kotra, Bhopal from June 211 to February 212 has been carried out physiochemical parameters like, ph, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were analysed and results are given in Table -1. Table -1: Physiochemical parameters of different chambers of sewage Treatment Plant Kotra, Bhopal S. N Parameters Sampling Station Entry A ph F Rock Filter Cascade Entry A DO F Rock Filter Cascade Entry A BOD F Rock Filter Cascade Entry A COD F Rock Filter Cascade 8 8 ph. The ph plays important role in waste water treatment.the overall ph range of natural water is generally between 6 and 8. Industrial wastes may be strongly acidic or basic and their effect on ph value of receiving water depends on the buffering capacity of water. ph lower than 4 will produce sour taste and higher value above 8.5, a bitter taste. In the present study, ph value of water samples was ranged between The minimum value of ph was observed in the month of September-November in the Entry and Anaerobic Pond No.2 (A-2) water of sewage treatment plant. The maximum value was observed in the month of in Facultative Pond No.2 (F-2) water of sewage treatment plant. It was within WHO and BIS permissible limits ( )[7, 8]. 2296

3 ph Entry A-2 F-2 Rock Filter Cascade Figure-1 Quarterly variation of phon different stages of sewage treatment plant (STP) DO. In present study, the DO value varied from.4 mg/l to 3.8 mg/l. The minimum and maximum value of DO was observed in the month of September-November in Anaerobic Pond No.2 (A-2) and cascade water of sewage treatment plant. Awasthi (211) also reported the higher values of DO in September in Shahpura Lake, Bhopal [9]. Higher values of dissolved oxygen might be due to lower rate of organic decomposition and joining of surface run off from the catchment area,which increases oxygen solubility. Similar findings were reported by Adoni &Vaishya (199),Singh & Patil (1991), and Khabade etal. (22)[1, 11, and 12]. DO (mg/l) Entry A-2 F -2 Rock Filter Cascade Figure-2Quarterly variation of DO on different stages of sewage treatment plant (STP) BOD. BOD is the measure of extent of pollutant in the water body. The untreated discharge of municipal and domestic waste in water bodies increases the amount of organic content. In the present study, the BOD value varied from 18.2 mg/l to 86.8 mg/l. The minimum value of BOD was observed in the month of September-November in the Cascade water of sewage treatment plant. The maximum value was also observed in the month of September-November in the Entry water of sewage treatment plant. The higher value might be due to prevalence of favourable environment condition for microbial activities, high organic load due to allochthonous and autochthonous sources Shukla (1996) and Kumar (1997) confirm the above observation[13.14]. 2297

4 BOD (mg/l) Entry A -2 F -2 Rock Filter Cascade Figure-3Quarterly variation of BOD on different stages of sewage treatment plant (STP) COD. In present study, the COD varied from 8 mg/l to 44 mg/l. The minimum value of COD was observed in the month of September-November & December-February in the cascade water of sewage treatment plant. The maximum value was observed in the month of September-November in Entry water of sewage treatment plant. Kushwah et. al. (212) also reported the minimum values of COD in December & January in sewage treatment plant Badwai &Kotra, Bhopal [15]. COD (mg/l) Entry A -2 F -2 Rock Filter Cascade Figure-4Quarterly variation of COD on different stages of sewage treatment plant (STP) CONCLUSION The present study clearly reveals that the water quality during different stages of treatments improves a lot which is indicated by reduction in BOD & COD values and increase in DO values during the different stages of treatment. It is concluded that Kotra sewage treatment plant is working effectively to treat the sewage water and finally this treated waste water is used for secondary purposes. 2298

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