Future of Bioplastics
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1 3rd International PLASTiCE Conference Future of Bioplastics October 1-2 nd 2013, Warsaw, Poland COBRO Packaging Research Institute Konstancińska 11 Street, Warsaw Poland Projekt współfinansowany jest ze środków Unii Europejskiej - Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu dla Europy Środkowej, 3CE368P1, This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme and co-financed by the ERDF
2 EXPERIENCES ON 20 YEARS OF BIOPOLYMER TESTING AND CERTIFICATION: CHALLENGES AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS Future of Bioplastics 3rd International PLASTiCE Conference Warsaw, 1-2 October2013 Bruno DE WILDE TOPICS * OWS * INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK * HOME COMPOSTING & BIODEGRADATION IN OTHER ENVIRONMENTS * ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 1
3 FIGURES * DRANCO technology -UG, 1983 (pilot in 1984) * FOUNDED IN 1988 * CONSOLIDATED SALES ( ) : 19 MILLION /YR * EXPORT: 90% * 70 EMPLOYEES OFFICES * HEAD OFFICE : GENT, BELGIUM * AFFILIATES : OWS INC., DAYTON, OHIO, USA DRANCO nv BES GmbH, Germany * PARTNER: DJK INTERNATIONAL, TOKYO, JAPAN ORGANIZATION 2
4 CONTRACT RESEARCH LABORATORY - BCE (Biodegradability, Compostability & Ecotoxicity) * ONE-STOP LABORATORYFOR BIODEGRADABILITY AND COMPOSTABILITY TESTING * STRICTLY INDEPENDANT * QUALITY CONTROL: ISO * RECOGNIZED BY ALL CERTIFICATION BUREAUS * ACTIVE IN STANDARDIZATION: CEN ASTM ISO * MEMBER OF DIN-CERTCO CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE & SEVERAL INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS (EuBP) * MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE * SAMPLES TESTED FOR 750+ CLIENTS REFERENCE LIST - BCE Base Polymers BASF, DSM, Du Pont, FKuR, Metabolix, NatureWorks, Novamont, Paper & Board Ahlstrom, Huhtamaki, Int. Paper, Kuan Chun Paper, Pactiv, UPM, Packaging Alcan Packaging, Amcor, Mondi Packaging, Sealed Air, Tetra Pak, Consumer Goods 3M, Henkel, Kimberley Clark, Nestlé, P&G, Sara Lee, SCA, Unilever, Inks& Masterbatches Schulman Plastics, CIBA, Chimigraf, Flint, Sun Chemical, Wacker, Films & Bags Because We Care, Cortec, Sabic, Sphere, WeiMon, Wuhan Huali, Food Service Ware Medac, Seda, Smurfit Kappa, Solo Cup, Other categories Smithers-Oasis, EuBP, Oxo-degradable Enzyme-mediated CIBA, Goody(ACCC), Wells Plastics, Symphony, EPI, EconVerte, Enzymoplast, ECM, Bio-Tec, 3
5 TOPICS * OWS * INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK * HOME COMPOSTING & BIODEGRADATION IN OTHER ENVIRONMENTS * ANAEROBIC DIGESTION COMPOSTABILITY NORMS * STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS : TESTS ÁND CRITERIA WORLDWIDE EUROPE US AUSTRALIA PLASTICS ISO EN ASTM D6400 AS 4736 PACKAGING ISO EN PAPER COATING ASTM D6868 4
6 COMPONENTS OF COMPOSTABILITY COMPOSTABILITY CERTIFICATION *EUROPE : SEEDLING LOGO : DIN-CERTCO & VINÇOTTE OK COMPOST LOGO : VINÇOTTE DIN-GEPRÜFT LOGO : DIN-CERTCO *USA : BPI LOGO *JAPAN : JBPA LOGO *AUSTRALIA : ABA LOGO *ITALY KOREA CANADA CATALUNYA FINLAND 5
7 COMPOSTABILITY CERTIFICATION : ISSUES *OVERALL POSITIVE EXPERIENCE, HOWEVER *NECESSITY OF BY-LAWS: -BLENDS OF CERTIFIED COMPONENTS -MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURES -INKS -ADDITIVES -FAMILIES OF PRODUCTS *DURATION FOR DISINTEGRATION : 12 WEEKS cfr. CEDAR GROVE (USA) BIOWASTE DURATION BEFORE DISINTEGRATION PRETREATMENT INTENSIVE COMPOSTING SIEVING MATURATION REJECTS REJECTS COMPOST BIOPLASTICS, BUT ALSO NATURAL PRODUCTS 6
8 ISO : PILOT-SCALE DISINTEGRATION TEST COMPOSTABILITY CERTIFICATION : ISSUES *TEMPERATURE : 80 C (EN 13432: < 75 C) *HEAVY METALS : USA (8) EUROPE (11) * TOXICITY : EARTHWORM TEST REQUIRED FOR AUSTRALIA *RECIPROCITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT LOGOS -UNIFORM STANDARDS -UNIFORM SCHEMES -UNIFORM INTERPRETATION -IMPORTANCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL REPUTATION 7
9 TOPICS * OWS * INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK * HOME COMPOSTING & BIODEGRADATION IN OTHER ENVIRONMENTS * ANAEROBIC DIGESTION END OF LIFE : ENVIRONMENTAL NICHES PRODUCT USE/DISPOSAL CONTROLLED UNCONTROLLED (LITTER) WASTEWATER SOLID WASTE OPEN WATER SOIL MARINE AEROBIC TREATMENT ANAEROBIC TREATMENT ANAEROBIC STABILISATION COMPOSTING CENTRAL HOME BIOGASIFICATION LANDFILL USE OF COMPOST I N SOIL 8
10 AGGRESSIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENT 60 C 21 C COMPOST > SOIL > FRESH WATER > MARINE WATER > LANDFILL ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 35 C -55 C AGGRESSIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENT Fungi + Bacteria + Actinomycetes Bacteria only COMPOST > SOIL > FRESH WATER > MARINE WATER > LANDFILL ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Multiple Bacteria 9
11 AGGRESSIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENT C 35 C ANAEROBIC BACTERIA, NO FUNGI Chemical pulp Starch PLA Starch/PCL PHA Chemical pulp Starch Starch/PCL PHA THERMOPHILIC DIGESTION MESOPHILIC DIGESTION INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTING HOME COMPOSTING AEROBIC BACTERIA & FUNGI Chemical pulp Mechanical pulp Starch PBAT PLA Starch/PCL PHA PBAT Chemical pulp Mechanical pulp Starch Starch/PCL PHA after B.G. Hermann et al. (2011) HOME COMPOSTING * AMBIENT TEMPERATURE *STANDARDS: Australia: AS 5810 Italy: UNI US: underdevelopment(biospecs) * DIFFERENT CERTIFICATES: Belgium: Vinçotte UK: AfOR(in collaboration with Vinçotte) Germany: DIN-CERTCO Australia: ABA * EN BIODEGRADATION & DISINTEGRATION AT AMBIENT T 10
12 BIODEGRADATION IN SOIL *STANDARDS: France: NF U Italy: UNI * DIFFERENT CERTIFICATES: Belgium: Vinçotte * HEAVY METALS + ECOTOXICITY AS IN EN BIODEGRADATION IN SOIL: 90% WITHIN 2 YEARS * NO DISINTEGRATION (PRODUCT SPECIFIC) BIODEGRADATION IN WATER *FRESH WATER: Belgium: Vinçotte - Heavy metals - Biodegradation in water * MARINE WATER: US: ASTM D Heavy metals - Biodegradation in compost - Biodegradation in marine water - Disintegration in marine water - Ecotoxicity with aquatic organisms 11
13 TOPICS * OWS * INDUSTRIAL COMPOSTABILITY: EXPERIENCES & OUTLOOK * HOME COMPOSTING & BIODEGRADATION IN OTHER ENVIRONMENTS * ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AD : DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES * MESOPHILIC vs. THERMOPHILIC * WET vs. DRY FERMENTATION * 1-PHASE vs. 2-PHASE AD AND BIOPLASTICS * ORGANIC RECOVERY + ENERGY RECOVERY * AEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY IS NOT EQUAL TO ANAEROBIC FUNGAL ACTIVITY! 12
14 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION IN STANDARDS * NO SPECIFIC STANDARDS OR USEFUL GUIDELINES * EN : 50% BIODEGRADATION AFTER 2 MONTHS RATIONALE: -ALL COMMERCIAL BIOGASIFICATION PLANTS HAVE A POST AEROBIC STABILISATION PHASE - 90% DISINTEGRATION AFTER 5 WEEKS AA/A * MINERALIZATION or DISINTEGRATION or BOTH? AD IN STANDARDS: IDEAS * 1 STANDARD WITH 1 SET OF CRITERIA INAPPROPIATE * DEMONSTRATE BENEFIT OF BIOGAS (=ENERGY) PRODUCTION * 1 STANDARD WITH VARIOUS OPTIONS? - MESOPHILIC WITHOUT BIOGAS PRODUCTION -MESOPHILIC WITH BIOGAS PRODUCTION -THERMOPHILIC WITHOUT BIOGAS PRODUCTION -THERMOPHILIC WITH BIOGAS PRODUCTION 13
15 THANK YOU! Contact details: Bruno DE WILDE Tel: +32 (0) THANK YOU! Contact details: Bruno DE WILDE Tel: +32 (0)
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