Geography Department. KS3 Geography. Year 9. Foundation Year. Core Questions

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1 Geography Department KS3 Geography Year 9 Name: Class: Teacher: Foundation Year Core Questions These core questions cover key facts for each of the units you will study during year 9. It is an important revision skill to return to these throughout the year. You will be tested on them during assessments at the end of each unit.

2 Unit 1: The Americas 1 What is tourism? The movement of people away from their main place of residence. It can be for leisure or business purposes or to visit family and friends. 2 What is a tourist? A person who travels to a place that is not his / her usual place of residence and stays for at least one night (over 24 hours but less than 1 year) 3 What word is used to describe tourist money being lost from location? Leakage 4 What is the multiplier effect? The knock on effect of an activity causing spending in other areas. The circulation of tourism money through a country s economy 5 What is meant by seasonality? The amount of tourism changes throughout the year. This leads to job insecurity in the low season when few people visit 6 What is ecotourism? Provides responsible travel to natural areas whilst conserving the environment and improving the well being of local people 7 Sustainable development is Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs 8 What is a carbon footprint? The measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment in terms of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere 9 What is an ecological footprint? The measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment. It measures how quickly we consume resources and generate waste to how quickly nature can absorb our waste and generate new resources. 10 How many migrants migrate to USA from Mexico? 11 How long in the Mexico/US border? 12 Give three ways that the USA manage their boarder. 1 million 2000km Quota entry, Working Visa, Border Enforcement (illegal immigrants), Deportation (illegal immigrants), Fences, Border Patrol

3 Unit 3: Antarctica 1 What is albedo? The whiteness of the ice and smoothness of the surface of Antarctica cause heat and light from the sun to be reflected to the atmosphere 2 How much of Antarctica is covered in ice? 3 What is the main producer for the food chain? 4 Name a predator from the food chain 5 Why do emperor penguins huddle together? 6 How much heat energy passes through the atmosphere to warm the Earth? 7 What is the natural greenhouse effect? 8 What is the enhanced greenhouse effect? 98% Phytoplankton Seabird, killer whale, leopard seals, adelie penguins For warmth 0.1% Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to natural causes (e.g. animals producing methane and volcanic eruptions) Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human causes (e.g. factories) which causes a greater warming effect on the Earth

4 Unit 4: Asia and Oceania 1 What is a natural hazard? An unexpected or uncontrollable natural event that threatens people! 2 What is the difference between a primary and secondary effect? 3 What is the main cause of an earthquake? A primary effect occurs at the time of the natural hazard whereas a secondary effect occurs in the aftermath (hours, day, months, years later) Pressure building up between tectonic plates which is suddenly released 4 What is a cyclone? A region of low atmospheric pressure characterised by strong winds 5 What name is given to the rapid population increase since the 1950 s? Population explosion 6 What is birth rate? The number of live babies born per 1000 of the population per year 7 What is death rate? The number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year 8 What is population distribution? The pattern of where people live 9 What is population density? Measurement of the number of people in an area (No of people / km²) 10 What is a population pyramid? A graph showing the population at different ages which normally creates the shape of a pyramid 11 What is a push factor? A reason why people would want to leave an area 12 What is a pull factor? A reason why people would want to move to an area 13 How is migration shown visually? Flow line maps 14 What is a choropleth map? A shaded map where the darker colours represent dense population and the lighter colours represent sparse population

5 Unit 5: Africa # Question Answer 1 What is desertification? The process whereby fertile land becomes desert 2 What is the name of the area in Africa where desertification is a threat? The Sahel 3 What is poverty? Persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State to which they belong 4 What is subsistence farming? Self sufficient farming where farmers grow enough food to feed themselves and their family 5 What are cash crops? Crops produced for selling rather than personal consumption 6 What is sustainability? Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their needs 7 How much is the international poverty threshold? $1 / day 8 What is deforestation? Large scale removal of trees 9 What is commercial farming? Farming for profit 10 What percentage of Uganda s population live in rural areas? 84%