ATHENS th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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ATHENS 2017 5th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Sede Manizales ANALYSIS OF THE ETHANOL AND BUTANOL PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT SCALES FROM PLANTAIN PEEL AND EUCALYPTUS

1 ATHENS th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Sede Manizales ANALYSIS OF THE ETHANOL AND BUTANOL PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT SCALES FROM PLANTAIN PEEL AND EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS Daniela Parra Ramírez 1 ; Valentina Aristizábal Marulanda 1 ; German Aroca 2 ; Julián Quintero 2 ; Alfredo Martínez 3 ; Carlos Ariel Cardona 1 1 Laboratorio de Equilibrios Químicos y Cinética Enzimática, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Km 9 Vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Colombia 2 Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile 3 Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A P 510 3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 1

2 Content 1. Introduction 2. Methodology Experimental procedure Simulation Techno economic assessment 3. Results and discussion Raw materials characterization Pretreatments Technical assessment Economic assessment 4. Conclusions 5. References Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 2

Transesterification Gasification Electricity, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel,

3 1. Introduction Fossil fuels represent 80% the energy consumed worldwide [1] Biofuels Found Consumed Alternative [2] Biomass Combustion Fermentation Transesterification Gasification Electricity, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, hydrogen and syngas Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 3

4 1. Introduction Ethanol More studied Butanol New alternative Butanol advantages over ethanol [3] [5] Largest number of carbons Less corrosive Less volatile Lower vapor pressure It tolerates better water contamination For the same volume of gasoline the butanol achieves the 95% of energy, while the ethanol only the 75% Petrochemical route Oil depend Fermentative route Use biomass as raw material Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 4

hemicellulose that allow obtaining fermentable sugars [6], [7]. The plantain peel has a high lignin content.

5 1. Introduction E. globulus Plantain peel It is lignocellulosic biomass of wood origin with high contents of cellulose and hemicellulose that allow obtaining fermentable sugars [6], [7]. The plantain peel has a high lignin content. In addition, it is possible to obtain high concentrations of sugar due to the amount of soluble sugars [8]. Availability Renewability Content of sugars Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 5

6 2. Methodology: Experimental procedure CHARACTERIZATION PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS Moisture AOAC Ash NREL/TP Extractives NREL/TP C Plantain Peel Cellulose T 203 os 74 Lignin T 222 os 74 Total carbohydrates sulfuric acid phenol method E. globulus Structural carbohydrates and lignin NREL/TP method. Plantain Peel Acid pretreatment Sulfuric acid 2%, 115 C, 15 psia, 1 hour. Solid to liquid ratio 1:10 (w/w) E. globulus Autohydrolysis Distilled water, 175 C, 125 rpm, 43 min. Solid to liquid ratio 1:6 (w/w) Enzymatic hydrolysis NREL/TP Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Solid to liquid ratio to 1:15 (w/w) at 50 C and 150 rpm. Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 6

7 2. Methodology: Simulation Microorganism: Zymomonas mobilis Temperature: 30 C Figure 1. Process flow diagram for ethanol production Microorganism: Clostridium acetobutylicum Temperature: 37 C Figure 2. Process flow diagram for butanol production Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 7

globulus: 1000ton/h Aspen Process Economic Analyzer Economic assessment (costs) Colombian conditions: Income tax

8 2. Methodology: Techno economic assessment Aspen Plus Technical assessment (mass and energy balance) Plantain peel: 10ton/h E. globulus: 1000ton/h Aspen Process Economic Analyzer Economic assessment (costs) Colombian conditions: Income tax of 33% Interest rate of 16.02%. The cost for the plantain peel and the E. globulus was estimated in 10 USD/ton and 20 USD/ton, respectively. Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 8

9 3. Results and discussion: Raw materials characterization Table 1. Raw materials characterization Plantain peel E. globulus This work (%) Literature This work (%) Literature Moisture c 60 Extractives* d a Cellulose* d a Hemicellulose* d b Lignin* c a Ash* d a a Pereira [9], b Rencoret et al. [10], c Monsalve et al. [11], d Oberoi et al. [12] *Drybasis Total carbohydrates in the plantain peel: 40% (Dry basis) Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 9

10 3. Results and discussion: Pretreatments Table 2. Pretreatments results Raw material Pretreatment Glucose (g/l) Reference Plantain peel Acid pretreatment 9 This work Plantain peel Enzymatic hydrolysis 8 This work E. globulus Autohydrolysys + Enzymatic 100 This work hydrolysis Sugarcane bagasse Steam explosion 33 [13] + Enzymatic hydrolysis Corn stover Enzymatic hydrolysis 17 [14] E. globulus Autohydrolysys + Enzymatic hydrolysis E. globulus Steam explosion + Enzymatic hydrolysis 82 [15] 43 [16] Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 10

11 3. Results and discussion: Technical assessment Table 2. Processes Yields g ethanol/ g biomass g ethanol/ g glucose g butanol/ g biomass g butanol/ g glucose E. globulus 0,133 0,501 0,027 0,311 Plantain peel 0,052 0,332 0,007 0,292 Energy (MJ/h x 10 3 ) A Energy (MJ/h x 10 3 ) B 0 Butanol PP IN OUT Ethanol PP 0 Butanol EG IN OUT Ethanol EG Figure 3. Input and Output energy in the process. A. Plantain Peel. B. E. globulus Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 11

12 3. Results and discussion: Economic assessment USD/Period Operation Labor Cost Maintenance Operating Charges Plant Overhead Figure 4. Economic results for each process Butanol PP Ethanol PP Butanol EG Ethanol EG Table 3. Profit margins for each process Butanol Plantain peel Ethanol Plantain peel Butanol E. globulus Ethanol E. globulus 1,52 0,44 1,26 0,43 Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 12

13 4. Conclusions This work allows to demonstrate that the ethanol production is a more cost effective process than the production of butanol because the difference in the obtained flows. However, butanol has greater advantages over ethanol as a fuel because of its energy content. In all processes, the representative costs are those corresponding to raw materials and utilities.however, in the high scale processes, the utilities cost decreases because an energy integration can be made to take advantage of the process streams. Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 13

14 5. References [1] Escobar,J.C., Lora. E.S.,Venturini,O.J.,Yáñez, E.E.,Castillo, E.F.,Almazan, O.: Biofuels: Environment, technology and food security. Renew. Sustain. Energy. 13, (2009) [2] Aleklett, K., Campbell, C. J.: The peak and decline of world oil and gas production. Min. Energy. 18, (2003) [3] Nigam, P. S., Singh, A.: Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 37, (2011) [4] Morone, A., Pandey, R. A.: Lignocellulosic biobutanol production: Gridlocks and potential remedies. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 37, (2014) [5]Harvey,B.G.,Meylemans,H.A.:Theroleofbutanolinthe development of sustainable fuel technologies. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 86, 2 9 (2011) [6] Rencoret, J., Gutiérrez, A., Nieto, L., Jiménez Barbero, J., Faulds, C. B., Kim, C. B., Ralph, J., Martínez, A. T., Del Río, J. C.: Lignin composition and structure in young versus adult Eucalyptus globulus plants. Plant Physiol. 155(2), (2011) [7] Alzate, C. A., Chejne, F., Valdés, C. F., Berrio, A., La Cruz, J. D., Londoño, C. A.: CO gasification of pelletized wood residues. Fuel. 88(3), (2009) [8]HappiEmaga,T.,Robert,C.,Ronkart,S.N.,Wathelet,B.,Paquot, M.: Dietary fibre components and pectin chemical features of peels during ripening in banana and plantain varieties. Bioresour. Technol. 99(10), (2008). [9] H. Pereira, Variability in chemical composition of plantation eucalypts (Eucalyptus Globulus Labill.), Wood Fiber Sci., vol. 20, no. 1, pp , Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 14

15 5. References [10] Rencoret, J., Gutiérrez, A., Nieto, L., Jiménez Barbero, J., Faulds, C. B., Kim, C. B., Ralph, J., Martínez, A. T., Del Río, J. C.: Lignin composition and structure in young versus adult Eucalyptus globulus plants. Plant Physiol. 155(2), (2011). [11] J. F. Monsalve G., V. I. Medina de Perez, and A. A. Ruiz Colorado, Ethanol production of banana shell and cassava starch, Dyna, vol. 150, pp , [12] H. S. Oberoi, S. K. Sandhu, and P. V. Vadlani, Statistical optimization of hydrolysis process for banana peels using cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes, Food Bioprod. Process., vol. 90, no. 2, pp , [13]C.Martín,M.Galbe,C.F.Wahlbom,B.Hahn Hägerdal, and L. J. Jönsson, Ethanol production from enzymatic hydrolysates of sugarcane bagasse using recombinant xylose utilising Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enzyme Microb. Technol., vol. 31, no. 3, pp , [14] G. C. Xu, J. C. Ding, R. Z. Han, J. J. Dong, and Y. Ni, Enhancing cellulose accessibility of corn stover by deep eutectic solvent pretreatment for butanol fermentation, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 203, pp , [15]A.Romaní,G.Garrote,J.L.Alonso,andJ.C.Parajó, Experimental assessment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated eucalyptus globulus wood, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 49, no. 10, pp , [16] A. P. Nunes and J. Pourquie, Steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of eucalyptus wood, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 57, no. 2, pp , 1996 Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 15

16 Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 16

Questions Valentina Aristizábal Marulanda varistizabalm@unal.edu.

17 Questions Valentina Aristizábal Marulanda Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate Research group in Chemical, Catalytic and Biotechnological Processes 17

Analysis of the ethanol and butanol production at different scales from plantain peel and Eucalyptus globulus

Analysis of the ethanol and butanol production at different scales from plantain peel and Eucalyptus globulus Daniela Parra Ramírez 1 ; Valentina Aristizabal Marulanda 1 ; German Aroca 2 ; Julián Quintero