The Green Leap? Thoughts, Issues, and Research on Developing Sustainable Communities Mark Hostetler

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1 The Green Leap? Thoughts, Issues, and Research on Developing Sustainable Communities Mark Hostetler Program for Resource Efficient Communities Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation

2 Overview Green communities: decision makers Design, construction, and postconstruction phases Engaging homeowners, developers, planners, policymakers (Program for Resource Efficient Communities) Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

3 2060 report 18 million to 36 million people

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6 Green Communities: Decision Makers

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10 Scale-dependent Decisions of Bird and Human Tract Home Range Habitat Patches Food Patches City Planners Developers Homeowners Tract Home Range Habitat Patches Food Patches Developer Homeowners

11 Overall Homeowners Developers Policy/Planners Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

12 Green Development Site design Construction Post-Construction

13 Green Communities: Features Energy Water Biodiversity Healthy and liveable

14 Green Communities: Goals 1. To conserve natural resources on site 2. To minimize impact on surrounding areas

15

16 Potential Problems (site design) Large percentage of impervious surfaces No sensitivity to surrounding land (e.g., no buffers) Use of invasive exotics Large percentage of turf No water-saving irrigation No environmental CCRs Light pollution Improper conservation of critical habitat Improper building design and orientation

17 Potential Problems (construction) Improper protection of waterbodies (contaminants going off site) Improper installment of irrigation systems Improper protection of preserved trees Dumping off site Impact on wildlife (e.g., nearby nesting species) Untrained contractors (no buy-in or understanding) Wildlife/human conflicts (e.g., feeding alligators)

18 Potential Problems (post-construction) Drawing down water table Spread of invasive plants and animals No prescribed burns ATVs and foot traffic into preserved areas Nutrient runoff from lawns an impervious surfaces Underground seepage from septic tanks Management of stormwater systems Improper pesticide use Feeding wildlife and other human/wildlife conflicts Conflicts with nearby agriculture and forestry operations A small community can impact a large rural area!

19 Engagement! Trained and motivated developers, architects, civil engineers, etc. (Site layout) Trained and motivated contractors, landscaping companies, etc. (construction) Educated and motivated homeowners (Post-construction) Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

20 Study: Are residents in green communities environmentally savvy??

21 Study Site Gainesville

22 A Comparative Study Question: Do homeowners in a green community: 1) have a greater sense of community? 2) differ in terms of environmental attitudes, knowledge, or behavior?

23 Haile Plantation, a Green or Neo-traditional Development

24 The Duck Pond, a Traditional Development

25 Conventional Developments in Gainesville

26 Results Green vs conventional subdivision design Stronger sense of community Weaker in environmental attitudes, knowledge and behaviors Green vs traditional subdivision design Stronger sense of community Much weaker in environmental attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors

27 Why Failed? Did not have reinforcement (e.g., limited effort to use natives on sections) No education No engagement activity (e.g., no restoration activities for residents) One success with knowledge and attitude towards gopher tortoise conservation (residents were sent newsletters and flyers about the conservation programme on site)

28 Most residents are not green 1) Homeowners score low in terms of environmental attitudes, knowledge, or behaviors 2) Homeowners do not have appropriate information to manage homes, yards, and neighbourhoods 3) Sale office information not adequate; homeowners forget the information 4) Homeowners desire local environmental information

29 Where to Go from Here? Homeowners Developers Policy/Planners Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

30 Program for Resource Efficient Communities Building & Construction Wildlife Agriculture Engineering PREC Policy & Law Landscape Architecture Energy Environmental Horticulture

31 Program for Resource Efficient Communities Mission - To promote the adoption of best design and operation practices in new residential community development that measurably reduce energy and water consumption and environmental degradation. Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

32 Focused Effort On: Design/build professionals Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

33 Continuing Education 1 4 hr modules Over 25 different courses Preserving wildlife habitat Energy-efficient housing Trees Alive Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

34 Charettes, Partnerships Charettes and consultation activities with developers Consulting firms (Glatting Jackson) Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

35 Certification Programs Florida Green Building Coalition standards for the built and horizontal structure USGBC LEED standards Audubon International golf courses, communities Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

36 Town of Harmony (11,000 acres)

37 Scientists helped with site design and management (HICAB)

38 Harmony Paid for management of open space (invasive exotic control, prescribed burns) Hired conservation manager Environmental education program Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

39 Education Program Dynamic Educational Signs A Web site Covenants & brochure for homeowners

40 Dynamic Signs Water Energy Wildlife Pollinators/Insects Native Landscaping Natural/Human History & Conservation Lacustrine Habitats Source: Harmony, FL

41 Dynamic signs Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Source: Harmony, FL Program for Resource Efficient Communities

42 Web Site

43 Homeowner Brochure & Covenants Helps orient homeowners about the local issues Lets homeowners know about educational program (e.g., signs and Web site) Covenants help flavor the community

44 Longitudinal Study Harmony vs. Conventional (Results) Sufficient information to apply practices Improved environmental attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors Source: Harmony, FL

45 Other steps to engage residents Orientation as part of the sales procedure Workshops within the community Establishing nature clubs and restoration projects Monitoring activities (e.g., bird surveys) Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

46 Focused Effort On: Policymakers/planners Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

47 Policy Initiatives Crafting and gathering sustainability ordinances Conduct charrettes to help foster incentive-based policies Charrettes help promote partnerships between UF, developers, and planners Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

48 Policy Sticks Alternative zoning ordinances (overlays) Clustering requirements Urban service boundaries Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

49 Policy Carrots Transfer of development rights (TDRs) Sending to receiving areas Conservation Easements Other Incentives (tax breaks, fast tracking) Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

50 Policy Steps to successful incentive-based policies (research): Develop incentives with stakeholder input Good marketing and education campaign Built government capacity (make the policy mandatory for county developments) Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

51 Green Development Site design Construction Post-Construction

52 Summary Green development combination of decisions by citizens, developers, policymakers Design is not enough address construction and post-construction phases (policy!) Program for Resource Efficient Communities Dept. of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation wec.ufl.edu Program for Resource Efficient Communities

53 Program for Resource Efficient Communities Mark Hostetler

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