Study on Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Replacement of PPC Cement (Fly Ash based) in Concrete

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1 IJSRD - ternational Journal for Scientific Reearch & Development Vol. 2, Iue 6, 214 ISSN (online: Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete Himanhu Jain 1 Sanjay Sarawat 2 Devanh Jain 3 1 ME Scholar 2,3 Aitant Profeor 1,2 Samart Ahok Technological titute, Vidiha (M.P, dia 3 Laxmi Narain College of Technology, Abtract Different material with pozzolanic propertie uch a fly ah. Condened ilica fume, blat furnace lag and rice huk ah have played an important role in the production of high performance concrete. During the late 2th century, there ha been an incr in the ue of mineral admixture by the c and concrete indutrie.the increaing need for c and concrete i filled by the partial replac for energy intenive Portland c. Pozzolanic material have long proven their trength in developing high performance concrete. Artificial pozzolana uch a upplary cing material in many ection of the globe.thi work evaluate the compreive trength of rice huk ah ( a a partial replac for PPC in concrete.the main objective of thi tudy i to find the optimum % (, 8, 1, 12, 14, 16 of ( a partial replac of c for M35 grade of concrete. And alo effect of uper platicizer on mechanical propertie. addition, reult how that RHA a an artificial pozzolanic material ha enhanced the durability of RHA concrete. Key word: Rice huk ah (, c replac, concrete durability, workability and durability I. INTRODUCTION Rice traw i one of the mot widely available agricultural wate in many rice growing nation around the globe. Globally, approximately 6 million load of rice paddy are produced each year. On average, 2% of the rice paddy i huked, giving an annual total production of 12 million ton [1]. majority of rice producing countrie much of the huk produced from proceing of rice i either burnt or dumped a wate [2]. Burning of RH in ambient atmophere leave a reidue, called rice huk ah. For every 1 kg of paddy milled, about 22 kg (22 % of the huk are produced, and when thi huk i burnt in the boiler, about 55 kg (25 % of RHA i generated [3]. Rice huk removal during rice refining, create a dipoal problem due to le commercial interet. Alo, handling and tranportation of RH are problematic due to it low denity. RHA i a big environmental threat cauing damage to land and the urrounding country where it i dumped. Thu, commercial uage of rice traw and it ah i the alternative olution to dipoal problem. thi paper we have hahed out a preliminary analyi of the numerou reported propertie and purpoe of rice traw and it ah. An effort ha been made to accumulate data and information from divere reearch work connected to RH and RHA. Bhopal (M.P, dia. II. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM A. Material Ued 1 C: Pozzolanic Portland c (PPC conforming to IS: 1489 (Part With pecific gravity Fine Aggregate: Natural river and conforming to Zone II a per IS 383 (198 wa ued. The finene modulu of and ued i 2.64 with a pecific gravity of Coare Aggregate: Cruhed granite coare aggregate conforming to IS: 383 (198 wa employed. Coare aggregate of ize 2 mm down having the pecific gravity of 2.8 and finene modulu of.2 wa applied. 4 Rice Huk Ah: Commercially available rice huk ah wa procured and ued in the experimental invetigation Phyical and Chemical proper- tie of rice huk ah obtained from Bhargav krii farm Jijajipur Vidiha, Madhaya Pradeh, dia. The ground ah wa removed for chemical and phyical exam to break on it performance a a pozzolanic material. 5 Superplaticizer: During thi invetigation Sulphonated Naphthalene (SNF baed Super Platicizer (SP wa applied. The uper platicizer ued for the urvey conform to IS 913 (1999. B. Mix Proportion The mixture proportion for the controlled concrete of M35 grade were arrived at from the trail mixe. Concrete mix of M35 grade wa deigned a per pecification of IS 1262 : 29, for water c ratio.43. thi method, five replac of c i.e. 8%, 1%, 12%, 14%, 16% ay CC, CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4, CC5 repectively, with rice huk ah ( are executed, wherea the total binder content remain the ame. The mix proportion conidered for each replac by replac method with RHA are preented in the table 1 below: % 8% Con crete grad e Ce men t (kg M35.92 Ri ce hu k (k g. 8 Fine aggr egate (kg Coar e aggr egate (kg Wa ter ( Lit er.4 3 Supe r plati cizer ( Liter.3 m % M All right reerved by 396

2 Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Iue 6/214/86 12% 14% 16% m M m M m M m Table 1: Mix Proportion of RHA mix C. Preparation of Tet Specimen The ingredient for variou mixe were weighed; required water wa added and mixed by uing a tilting drum type concrete mixing machine. Precaution were taken to enure uniform mixing of component. The pecimen were cat in teel mould and com- pacted on a table vibrator. The pecimen of 15cm 15 cm 15 cm ize of cube were put a per dian tandard IS: 516 (1959 according to which it i the ize to be ued for coare aggregate ize of up to 2 mm for the determination of compreive force at different age and for the durability propertie. Healing of the pecimen wa tarted a oon a the top urface of the concrete in the mold wa hard enough. Spreading wet gunny bag over the mold for 24 hour after the cating wa carried away in the initial healing. The pecimen were later demoulded and placed immediately in water tank for further curing. D. Curing: Healing of the pecimen done a per IS 516 : 1959, The tet pecimen hall be tored on the ite at a place free from vibration, under damp matting, ack or other imilar material for 24 hour +- ½ hour from the time of adding the water to the other component. The temperature of the place of torage hall be inide the range of 22 o to 32 o C. After the period of 24 hour, they hall be noted for later identification, taken away from the mold and, unle required for teting within 24 hour, tored in clear water at a temperature of 24 o to 3 o C until they are ent to the teting lab. They hall be committed to the teting laboratory well packed in damp and, damp ock, or other uitable material o a to arrive there in a damp condition not le than 24 hour before the time of the trial. On arrival at the teting laboratory, the pecimen hall be tored in water at a temperature of 2 o +- 2 o C until the time of the trial. A platter of the daily maximum and minimum temperature hall be kept both during the mentruation of the pecimen remain on the webite and in the laboratory, and tet conducted for the pecimen after, 14 and 28 day. E. Tet Conducted 1 Compreive Strength The compreive trength of RHA c wa determined uing 15mm concrete cube. The c component wa made by replacing 8,1,12,14 and 16% of pozzolana Portland c (PPC for one et of ample cube. Alo tandard mortar cube and concrete cube without RHA were cat in comparion. For mortar cube 1 part of c wa mixed with 3 part of and. For concrete cube a ratio of 1:1.6:2.9 for c: and: aggregate by weight wa ued. Approximately 45 concrete cube and 45 concrete cube were built with tandard and and well-graded aggregate, mixed by a mechanical mixer and compacted by mean of the tandard vibration machine. The cube were cured and cruhed for compreive trength for each mixture at different curing period. Compreive trength reult of mortar PPC/RHA in N/mm 2 2 Workability Slump tet wa ued to check on the reult of rice huk ah on the workability of concrete. The concrete wa produced with different portion of rice huk ah mixed with PPC. 3 Slump Cone Tet A mold in the form of a frutum of cone 3mm high, bae diameter of 2mm and a top opening diameter of 1mm wa ued. The cat wa et on a tranquil open and filled with concrete in three layer, each layer being tamped 25 time with a tandard 16mm diameter teel pole. The exce concrete at the top urface wa cratched off and the urface leveled by rolling the tamping rod. The cone wa then lowly aroe, and the unupported concrete allowed to ink. The drop-off in the pinnacle of the lumped concrete i recorded a lump in millimeter. Thi proce wa repeated for concrete with different portion of rice huk ah. 4 Standard Conitency The quantity of water required to give an RHA c pate of tandard conitence wa determined by uing the Vicat Apparatu. Thi quantity of water break the urine capacity of the pat for determination of etting time. Sample mixe of about 3g made from RHA and PPC at variou percentage were weighed. For each ample a known amount of water i added and mixed thoroughly for approximately 5 minute along a non-porou urface by way of two trowel avoiding lo of water or c. The pate wa tranferred directly to the mildew of the Vicat Apparatu, which had previouly been located on a lightly greaed plane gla bae-hell, and occupied in exce without compacting or vibrating. The exce material wa removed by a gentle awing motion with a traight edge. The Vicat apparatu wa calibrated with the plunger by lowering the plunger to ret on the bae plate to be ued and adjuting the arrow to read zero on the weighing machine. The plunger wa raied to the tandby poition. Immediately after leveling the pate, the oral cavity and the root-plate wa changed to the Vicat Apparatu and poitioned centrally under the piton. The diver wa lowered gently until it wa in contact with the pate. The plunger wa allowed to paue in thi place for two minute in order to avoid initial velocity. The moving part were then quickly releaed and the plunger allowed to penetrate vertically into the center of the pate. The plate wa read when penetration ceaed. The recorded cale reading indicate the pace between the bottom face of the piton and the root-hell. The water content of the pate wa determined which i expreed a a percentage by ma of the RHA c. The plunger wa cleaned and the procedure repeated with pate containing different water content until one wa et up to create a ditance between plunger and foot-plate of 6mm. The water content of thi tation wa calculated a a part of the volume All right reerved by 39

3 Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Iue 6/214/86 of the dry rice huk ah c and recorded a water taken for tandard conitence. Table 12 indicate the um of water called for when the RHA in the mix i changed. 5 Setting Time The etting time tet wa extended out in accordance with the dian Standard on concrete with PPC/RHA mixe at tandard conitence. III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Standard conitence The increaed need for water prompted tandard conitence tet to be performed. The outcome were ubequently employed in etting time tet. The increae fine in the concrete due to exce RHA i partly reponible for thi increaed demand for water. The trength lo caued by the high pecific urface area of micro-ilica can be overcome by adding uitable water reducer to the mixture. Table no. 2 and in figure 1 indicate the amount of water required for a tandard conitent concrete mix. The reult how increae water demand a % RHA i increaed. Thi corroborate the other finding on workability. But ince increae water/c ratio reduce trength of concrete. Optimum water content hould be hown o that the potency i not compromied Fig no. 2 tial Setting time of RHA mix Fig no. 3 Final Setting Time of RHA mix INITIAL SETTING TIME(MIN. FINAL SETTIN G TIME (MIN Name Mix ratio RHA: PPC Slump (mm CC : CC1 8:92 32 RHA: PPC Water content for tandard Cconitenc e % :1 8:9 2 1:9 12:8 8 14:8 6 16: Table No. 2 Required Water content for tandard Conitency of RHA mix B. Setting time The effect of RHA othe etting timeme of concrete with OPC/RHA mix i hown in table no. 4; final etting time and initial etting time in figure no. 3 and figure no. 2. The etting time were found to increae with increae amount of RHA. The reaction between c and water i exothermic. The liberation of heat and evaporation of moiture caue the tiffening of the pat and lower heat induced evaporation of water from the c/ RHA pate due to it lower c content and therefore accelerated increae in initial etting time and final etting time of mixture. [48] CC2 1:9 2 CC3 12:88 1 CC4 14:86 5 CC5 16:94 4 Table no. 3 Workability of RHA mix Setting time (Min. Mix ratio Mix RHA: PPC itial Final CC : CC1 8: CC2 1: CC3 12: CC4 14: CC5 16: Table 4: Setting time of RHA mix All right reerved by 398

4 Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Iue 6/214/86 Curing Day CC1 (8% Decreae in Percentage of Strength of Concrete CC2 (1% CC3 (12% CC4 (14% CC5 (16% Day Table 6: Decreae in the percentage of Compreive Strength of RHA mix C. Workability SLUMP IN(MM Fig no.4 Effect of RHA on workability of concrete The trength of pozzolanic and pozzolana c depend on the characteritic of the porcelain ued. The effect of RHA on the workability of concrete a indicated by the concrete lump i hown in table 3 and in figure 4.The graph how the concrete lump value decreae with increae amount of RHA. Thi i becaue of the addition of relatively high amount of ilica to pozzolana c increae the water demand remarkably; it reduce workability and the trength of the mixe. The negative influence of very fine ilica on trength ha alo been oberved in pate containing a pecial amount of colloidal ilica [4]. Thi ignifie that a le workable (Stiff mix i obtained when RHA i ued a a c blender. More water i therefore commanded to produce a viable mixture. The increae fine in the concrete due to exce RHA i partly reponible for thi increaed demand for water. [5] The trength lo caued by the high pecific urface area of micro-ilica can be overcome by adding uitable water reducer to the mixture. [4] So the addition of uper platicizer increaed the 28 day trength of tandard mortar by 35-8 %. D. Compreive trength Mot concrete tructure are deigned auming that concrete procee ufficient compreive force, merely not the tenile force. The compreive trength i the primary tandard for the ue of tructural deign. To examine the trength development of rice huk ah ( concrete in comparion to control concrete. Effect of compreive trength of concrete are given in table 5 and in Figure 5. Compreive trength tet were taken at the age of, 14, 28 day. The trial outcome are reported in table 5 for control concrete are in the table for RHA concrete repectively. thi tudy, RHA wa ued a pozzolanic material in combination with c. pozzolan contain ignificant amount of ilicate. From the reult it i found that the compreive trength of the product involving RHA for the different curing period wa more eminent than the compreive trength of the product without RHA for ame curing period. Maximum trength for the compoition i.e. cc1, cc2, cc3, cc4, cc5 wa obtained after 28 day curing. Even after day of curing the trength wa obtained near to that of conventional concrete. The main factor reponible for improv in compreive trength i the chemical hydration [6,]. Since RHA i patently hydraulic and undergoe hydration reaction in the preence of urine and calcium hydroxide, thi econdary pozzolanic reaction yield a dener microtructure becaue the CA (OH 2 i conumed and CSH pate i formed [8,9]. Another factor which lead to an increae in trength development i due to heterogeneou nucleation. Thi procedure enhance the chemical activation of the hydration of c. Therefore, increaing the quantity of the mineral admixture and refining it particle ize will promote heterogeneou nucleation due to availability of ite [6,1]. Compreive trength gain of compoite ha been aigned to the hydration and poroity [11]. Availability of purer water for the hydration reaction alo increae the compreive force. itially, the granulated RHA in contact with water react very fat and the hydration ceae becaue of the contitution of a flimy layer of ilica rich gel over the airfoil. the bearing of an activator (c, the tructure of the gel i broken down and product imilar to the one obtained hydration of pozzolana Portland c are formed. [12]. The value of compreive trength increae via the dynamic generation and ubmiion of aluminate hydrate. The other imported factor which aid in increaing the potency development i formed of alunimo-ferritetricalciumulfate and alunimo-ferrite-monocalciumulfate. The hardened tructure filled the mocropore thereby denifying the tructure, formation of calcium-ilicatehydrate, calcium alumonate-hydration reaction provide trength. RHA contain SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 which undergo upon addition of water to generate phae imilar to thoe found in c baed ytem [43] From the table no. 16 it i revealed that minimum compreive trength of N/mm2 wa found with 16% RHA and 84 % c after day of curing. Further decreaed in concentration of the RHA with c the compreive trength increaed. The increae in trength may be due to the contribution of pozzolanic activity of RHA. Thi indicated that the chemical el preent in the RHA are important el, which ignificantly contributed to attain trength of 25.8 N/mm2. After 14 day of curing the compreive trength of RHA product wa found to meaure the effectivene. The compoition with 16% RHA howed the minimum intenity level of 2 N/mm2 while maximum trength of N/mm2 wa obtained with a quantity of RHA (1%. The compreive trength after 28 day of curing wa found to be maximum when compared with the effectivene of the product obtained after day and 14 day curing. From the reult it i revealed that the maximum trength of N/mm2 wa obtained with 1% RHA. After 28 day of bringing around the hydration reaction i completed reulting in the compoition of the product and thereby increaing the force. The varying trend of the intenity of the RHA product after curing,14,28 day are hown in fig. no.19. Percentage increae in trength with repect to All right reerved by 399

5 Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Iue 6/214/86 control concrete trength (i.e. % replac at day, 14 day, 28 day are calculated and preented in table. From table no. the change in trength for M35 grade RHA concrete i preented on an individual bai and the following obervation are created, the maximum increae in the compreive trength of RHA concrete i.e., 3.52% ha occurred at 28 day with 1 % replac, wherea the compreive trength of RHA concrete i ground to be decreaed by 9.5% at day with 14% RHA replac. It can be clearly noticed that at the age of 28 day, there i gradual increae in the compreive trength of RHA concrete for all the replac level with regard to control concrete. Strength development of concrete for different percentage replac with RHA i preented in table 1 to19. each table, by what percentage the compreive trength increae with regard to old year i reported. From the above table it can be clearly experienced that, the trength i higher for control concrete (i.e. % replac for an initial period up to between -14 day up to 1% replac with Rice huk ah, and for 12% replac with RHA, the intenity level i approximate ame when compared to that of control concrete. The rate of trength development between day i maximum when c i replaced with 1% RHA. So, from the above table it i clear that the rate of intenity development i maximum up to the age of 28 day at all the replac level with RHA. PPC in the tructure indutry. The RHA ued in thi tudy i a pozzolanic material; it i rich in ilica (6.3%. The lo of ignition wa relatively high (14.6%. creaing RHA, finene increae and increaing it reponivene. An incr in the amount of RHA in the mix reulted in a dry and unworkable mixture unle SP i added. The incluion of Sp in RHA concrete while maintaining the water c ratio increaed the lump and improved the coheivene of the concrete. The compreive trength of the blended concrete with 1% RHA obtained N/mm 2 could be valuably replaced by RHA after 28 day curing. The compreive trength increae with curing time. The phyical effect of the RHA particle increae the compoite denity and micro tructural homogeneity by filling the micro pore, thereby denifying the tructure which in turn yield increae trength and decreae the poroity. Hence RHA improve the microtructure and trength of the hardened concrete. From the tudy conducted, it wa ditinctly hown that RHA i a pozzolanic material that hold the potential to be applied a partial c replac material and can lead to the utainability of the building tuff. IV. EFFECT OF PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASH ( ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE Figure no. 6 tand for the variation of compreive trength with the percentage of RHA for M35 grade concrete. Comparing between different replac i made poible if the water c ration i common. For better pictorial repreentation, the variation in -14 day and day are alo ymbolized in the kind of bar chart in the pattern 2. From the reult, it i found that compreive trength increaed with curing time. It found that the maximum intenity level wa held with 1% RHA replaced with c. It i let out from literature that c in combination with 1% RHA contribute highet trength. Formation of calcium aluminoilicate hydrate i mainly reponible for the effectivene and low well of the treated RHA, a good a for heavy metal immobilization. The increaed effectivene i attributed to the increaed amount of pozzolanic product formed due to increaed amount of aluminum oxide and ilica. [44] c and c ilicate mixture are all effective in chemically tabilizing metal wate. [45] high pecific urface area of calcium ilicate hydrate, aluminum, iron ilicate, calcium aluminium oxide hydrate, entrapped heavy metal ion and tabilized them chemically. RHA improve the microtructure and durability of the hardened concrete. The phyical force of the RHA particle increae the compoite denity and micro tructural homogeneity by filling the micro pore, thereby denifying the tructure which in turn give an increae trength and decreae the poroity. [46]. V. CONCLUSION The reult of the tudy indicate that in that repect are good propect of uing RHA a pozzolana in combination with Sample ID CC (% CC1 (8% CC2 (1%RH CC3 (12%RH Curin g Time (Day Day Day Day Day Comprei ve Load Area (q.m m Comprei ve trength (N/mm All right reerved by 4

6 Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Iue 6/214/86 CC4 (14%RH CC5 (16%RH CR L Day Day Table no.5 Compreive Strength of RHA mix Percentage increae between -day to 14 day Percentage increae between 14-day to 28 day % % % % % % Table - percentage increae in compreive trength of M35 grade rice huk ah concrete. Propertie of Concrete by Partial of Ordinary Portland C by Rice Huk Ah ternational Journal of Earth Science and Engineering ISSN , Volume 4, No 6 SPL, October 211, pp [4] Strength propertie of grade 3 Rice Huk Ah concrete Kartini, K.*, Univeriti Teknologi MARA, MalayiaMahmud, H.B, Univerity of Malaya, MalayiaHamidah, M.S, Univeriti Teknologi MARA, Malayia31t Conference on our world in concrete: 16-1 Augut 26, Singapore [5] G. L. Oyekan*, Univerity of Lago, Lago, Nigeria O. M. Kamiyo, Univerity of Lago, Lago, Nigeria effect of Nigerian rice huk ah on ome Engineering propertie of concrete and andcrete block 32ndConference on our world in concret tructure: Augut 2,Singapore. [6] J.Macik and A. Jacobon, Original contribution- Leachability of U and Cr. From Ld- lag/ Portland c tabilized ulphide oil, wate manag, 16 (1996 P [] P.Lawrence, M Cry,E. Ringot, Mineral admixture in moratra of type, amount and finene of fine contituent on compreive trength, c concrete Re. 35 (25 P [8] V. Johanen, P.J.Anderen, particle packing and concrete propertie. : J Spacing, S. Minde, editor, Material cience of concrete II. The American ceramic ociety inc;(1989 P [9] D.P.Bentz, influence of water c ratio on hydration kinetic inple model baed on patial conideration. C concrete Reearch,36(26 P [1] M. Mazloom, A.A. Ramezaniapour, J.J. Brook, Effect of ilica fume on mechanical propertie of hifg- trength concrete,c concrete comp 26,(24 P 34-5 [11] M.Cry, P. Lawrence, E. Ringot, Efficiency of mineral admixture in mortar quantification of the phyical and chemical effect of the fine admixture in relation with compreive trength. C concrete reearch, 26 (26P [12] Technology formation, Forecating and A Council; Department of Science and Technology Government of dia; REFRENCES [1] E.B. Ogunbode, I.O. HASSAN, R. B. Ia Department Of Building, Federal Univerity of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria 88An evaluation of compreive trength of concrete made with Rice Huk Ah obtained by open air burning. [2] M.B.G Sameer Kumar, D. Santoh Puhparaj, P.R.D Praad,K. Bipin Chandra Phan, G. Ramu A tudy of ue of Rice huk ah in concrete titute of Technology GitumUniverity25. [3] Pot graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, BIT Mera, Ranchi Study of the All right reerved by 41