Large-scale Integration of Distributed Energy Resources within Electric Power Systems. Danish Cell Controller Project Brief

Transcription

1 Large-scale Integration of Distributed Energy Resources within Electric Power Systems Danish Cell Controller Project Brief

2 Project Introduction Energinet.dk Owns/Operates High Voltage Electric Power System and Bulk Gas Transmission System in Denmark Re-designing the Danish power system to accommodate higher penetration of renewable and distributed energy while enhancing system controllability and reliability Spirae, Inc. Lead contractor for design, development, and pilot testing of the Cell Controller in Denmark Based in Ft. Collins, Colorado Operates Integrid Laboratory at Colorado State University Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory

3 Development from the late 1980s to present Primary Generation Local Generation Central power plant DCHP unit Wind turbine Growing the DG/Wind Carpet requires new approach to grid management Source: Energinet.dk

4 Cell Controller Project Drivers Barriers: Difficult to add further renewable power (intermittent or nondispatchable) to system without upgrading grid management strategy Protection relays trip local generators after distant faults on the highvoltage transmission grid Traditional under-frequency load shedding schemes disconnect both load and generation Uncontrolled VAR flows occur across Transmission and Distribution system boundaries Solution: Power management system (Cell Controller) that operates portions of the distribution system as fully controllable power plant utilizing local generation and load assets dispatchable by distribution utility 4

5 Transient Events Production in % of total installed capacity 120% % of installed capacity 100% 80% 60% 40% Wind Turbine Availability 20% 0% Wind speed [m/s] Wind Turbine Pole Switching Reactive Power Exchange Reverse Power Flow 5

6 DG Penetration and Cell Structure 400 kv 4 central CHP units (1488 MW) Cell 150 kv 6 central CHP units (2014 MW) Horns Rev offshore wind farm (160 MW) 60 kv 17 dispersed CHP units (569 MW) 34 wind turbines (41 MW) kv 475 dispersed CHP units (991 MW) 2180 wind turbines (1597 MW) 0,4 kv 260 dispersed CHP units (83 MW) 1860 wind turbines (576 MW)

7 Energinet.dk Cell Controller Project Slide # 7

8 Wind Turbines and CHPs 8

9 Synchronizer, Synch Condenser, and Secondary Load Controller 9

10 Hejnsvig Substation: Cell Nerve Center 10

11 VGen Performance: Overview 2008 Spirae, Inc. 11

12 Cell Controller Operations Model Agent Agent Dist Company B Cell Controller Architecture Layered control hierarchy using Agent Energinet.dk Dist Company A distributed agent technology and high speed fiber network Each agent consists either of an industry CPU, a high-end RTU, or intelligent meter Agent Cell Controller Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Substation Controller Asset Controller Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Level 0 ~ ~ ~

13 Validation at InteGrid Test and Development Lab The InteGrid Lab is hosted in Colorado State University s Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory in Fort Collins, CO Jointly Owned and Operated by Spirae and CSU

14 The InteGrid Lab Models Networks with Renewables and DG Transmission Connection Sub-station Distributed Generation Wind User Loads Major components in a power system Equipment in the Grid Simulation Lab (Scaled Model) Grid Interconnect Switchgear up to 1300 KW NG Gensets WT Sim 170 KW 125 KW 400 KW 0.8 PF

15 Technical Validation and Scalability Testing The InteGrid Lab is used to: Set up a physical model of distribution network with renewables and other embedded generation Implement Cell Controller Set up software simulation Validate model performance against lab performance Scale up the simulation to cover region of interest and evaluate performance of Cell Controller

16 Major Benefits Maximizes value of DER such as CHP plants and WTs by enabling them to provide grid reliability services Enables dynamic markets for ancillary services Turns intermittent resources into aggregated blocks that behave like conventional power plants Enables separation of the grid into self-sufficient islands in the event of major system disturbances Enables integration between DER and power system using market mechanisms Increases renewables penetration Offsets need for conventional resources to meet growth