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1 ME 217: Energy, Environment & Society Fall 2015 Wind power photo by Michael "Mike" L. Baird bairdphotos.com ME217 Energy, Environment & Society

2 Wind power in history Persia Greece Britain Netherlands ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 2/32

3 Modern wind turbines ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 3/32

4 Basic aerodynamics ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 4/32

5 Lift vs. drag ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 5/32

6 Near rotor vs. near tip ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 6/32

7 Inside a nacelle windspeed meters gearbox brake generator ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 7/32

8 At the base ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 8/32

9 Inside the tower ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 9/32

10 How much power is in the wind? ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 10/32

11 Example ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 11/32

12 Turbine efficiency the Betz limit ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 12/32

13 Turbine performance ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 13/32

14 Global atmospheric circulation ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 14/32

15 Local wind patterns ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 15/32

16 Effect of altitude ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 16/32

17 Ground friction ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 17/32

18 Example ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 18/32

19 Land or sea? ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 19/32

20 Wind resource assessment direct measurement sodar ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 20/32

21 How do we make money from wind? Characterize wind potential at the site spec out the turbines Secure a power purchase agreement Secure all necessary permits and transmission access Finance the project Build the plant Operate and maintain the plant ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 21/46

22 Time variability of wind speed ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 22/46

23 How to characterize wind speed? ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 23/46

24 Weibull distributions ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 24/46

25 Our data ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 25/46

26 The fitted Weibull distribution k = λ= ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 27/46

27 Now what? 136 x 1.5 MW General Electric wind turbines ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 28/46

28 Turbine power curve ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 29/46

29 GE 1.5 MW power curve ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 30/46

30 How do we calculate revenue? ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 31/46

31 Our revenue table ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 32/46

32 What goes into the cost of energy ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 33/46

33 Wind farm following terrain High Lonesome wind farm, New Mexico ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 34/46

34 Wind farm flat land Wind farm in West Texas ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 35/46

35 Tornado! On November 7, 2011, the Basehunters chase team of Isaac Pato, Kevin Rolfs, Scott Peake and Colt Forney tracked a tornado-producing supercell across southwest Oklahoma, documenting numerous tornadoes including one that impacted a large wind farm near Fort Cobb! ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 36/46

36 This time not so lucky! Damage done by tornado at Flat Ridge 2 wind farm in Kansas. ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 37/46

37 Typical farm layout ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 38/46

38 Turbine wake demonstration ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 39/46

39 Effect of wake ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 40/46

40 Q: where is electricity needed most? A: at the major population centers near the coasts Is wind available near there? ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 41/46

41 Offshore technology ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 42/46

42 Transitional depth concepts ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 43/46

43 Deepwater concepts ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 44/46

44 Small wind What is the wind resource like in Albuquerque? ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 45/46

45 Generation load match (or not) ME217 Energy, Environment & Society Wind power 46/46

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