William V. Torre Center for Energy Research University of California - San Diego

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1 UCSD s Microgrid Microgrids: A Major Market Opportunity for PV and Storage NattBat - Intersolar William V. Torre Center for Energy Research University of California - San Diego July 10, wtorre@ucsd.edu

2 The Importance of Micorgrids Improved Reliability Self-sustaining islanding capability reduces chance of cascading system failure Overall system less vulnerable to massive system wide events (i.e. Superstorm Sandy) Enhances larger grid operation by balancing load and generation on a localized level Resolves renewable generation variability on a local level Enhances Integration of Renewable Generation Supports implementation of CHP with renewable generation on a localized level Reduce carbon footprint by maximizing efficiency of energy production and consumption on a local level Encourages third party investment in the local grid Reduces system losses by locating generating sources near customer loads 2

3 UC San Diego 42 MW Microgrid UC San Diego Operates a 42 MWpeak Microgrid Campus Quick Facts With a daily population of over 45,000, UC San Diego is the size and complexity of a small city. As a research and medical institution, we have TWO times the energy density of commercial buildings 12 million sq. ft. of buildings, $200M/yr of building growth Self generate 92% of annual demand 30 MW natural gas Cogen plant 2.8 MW of Fuel Cells installed 2.2 MW of Solar PV installed, with another 0.8 MW planned in

4 4 69 kv Interface with SDG&E

5 Central Utility Plant Provides 92% electricity and 95% of heating and cooling for most of the UCSD Campus Cogeneration system consists of two 13.5 Megawatt natural gas-fired turbine generators and a 3 MW steam generator 32 MW of emergency diesel gensets for islanded operations from the grid. 60,000Lb/Hr of Steam per unit, totaling 120,000 Lb / Hr produced as available waste heat, providing heating and cooling energy for the Chiller Plant and the Heating Plant. Awarded 1 of 3 Energy Star Awards by EPA in 2010 for achieving 66% efficiency (LHV) 5

6 Combination of Central and Distributed Microgrid Control Coordinated Control and Dispatch of Distributed Energy Resources To Maximize System Efficiency UCSD Campus Load and Generation Requirements 2 nd Life EV Battery Test Stand Sanyo 30 kw/ 30 kwh Energy Storage Master Microgrid Controller BMW B2U 108 kw/ 180 kwh ZBB 125 kw/ 300 kwh Flow Battery 6 Solar Forecasting For PV Resource Prediction Research R.A. de Callafon, Dept. of MAE, UCSD Maxwell 28 kw Ultra Caps

7 2.8 MW Fuel Cell UCSD Fuel Cell Attributes Provides 8% of Base Load Using Redirected Bio-Gas Adding CHP chilled water cooling to increase efficiency from 42% to 68% 7

8 3 MW of Rooftop PV Installed at UCSD 8 Nearly 100% Penetration of PV on architecturally suitable rooftops on campus

9 Energy Storage Projects at UCSD 30 kw, 30 kwh Sanyo/Panasonic Li-Ion battery energy storage system, integrated with 30 kw PV 35 kw, 35 kwh MCV Energy, Community Energy Storage 100 kw, 300 kwh, ZBB Zinc Bromine Flow Battery CSI Demand reduction demonstration 108 kw, 180 kwh BMW, demonstration of application of 2 nd use EV batteries, coupling to PV, and EV charging 2.5 MW, 5 Mwhr, SGIP Advanced Energy Storage, design underway 730 kw, 1460 kwhr SGIP PV Integrated, five off campus sites 30 kw, Maxwell Labs, Ultracapacitors, CPV smoothing of intermittency, coupled with solar forecasting 3.8 Million Gallon Thermal Energy Storage 9

10 10 UCSD Planned Energy Research Park

11 Deployment of Advanced EV Infrastructure 25 Ecotality Blink EVSE charging units 26 RWE Smart Chargers ISO Std 3 DC Fast EV Charging 11

12 One VIP Visitor Tour Per Week Regulators, 3 Ass t Sec of Navy, Industry, CEC, DOE, CPUC, SCAQMD, Conference Attendees, Journalist, et.al. 12

13 Summary of UCSD s Energy Storage Program Opportunity to conduct research and demonstration projects in a true microgrid operational setting Valuable research to aid integration of increasing levels of renewables Large diversified distributed resources and energy storage projects in university setting allows testing of communication, control, and integration issues Living laboratory for testing and determining the cost effectiveness and benefits for various distributed resource technologies Campus energy cost savings significant (approx. $ 800 K/mo.) Lab To Market emphasis 13