Importance of experimental unit for Fluidised Circulating Coal Combustion (FCCC) in the process of capturing CO 2 from combustion gas streams

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1 4th UNI-SET Energy Clustering Event Universities in the Energy Transition: Focus on Sustainable Transport and Carbon Capture, Storage & Use Importance of experimental unit for Fluidised Circulating Coal Combustion (FCCC) in the process of capturing CO 2 from combustion gas streams Dr Mihaela Norişor, Lecturer, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest norishor_mihaela@yahoo.com Department of Energy Production and Use, Faculty of Power Engineering March 2017 Imperial College London 1

2 Greenhouse gases Coal for electricity generation is, and will be, a primary energy resource, but we need to focus more effort on lowering its impacts. At the global scale, the key greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are: Photo Source: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, IPCC 2

3 Carbon dioxide capture tehnologies Photo Source: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, IPCC 3

4 Circulating fluidized bed combustion with CO 2 capture Renewable Energy Sources and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Power Engineering 4

5 Auxiliary equipment used in the experimental study We can track the temperature variation The CO 2 emissions, dust, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen monoxide, Carbon monoxide, were recorded in a special software connected to the monitoring unit. The pollutant emissions were recorded before and after the CO 2 unit absorption. 5

6 Auxiliary equipment used in the experimental study Total Organic Compounds TOC Cub TESTO 350 XL gas analyzers We used the TOC analyzer in order to determine the CO 2 content in the amine solution. We used TESTO gas analyzers in order to monitor the pollutant emissions on the flue gas evacuation track. 6

7 CFBC with post-combustion CO 2 capture using chemical absorption - Burn coal, biomass - The fuel flow was of 10 kg/h; - Temperature 700 C C -Capture of SO 2, emissions using the NaOH (natrium hydroxide). -Absorption / desorption of CO 2 uses MEA, DEA, TEA -Uses the flue gas heat in the regeneration of the solvent 1. Blower; 2. Pre-firing using natural gas; 3. Ash evacuation screw conveyor; 4. Fuel feeding system; 5. Combustion chamber; 6. Recirculation system; 7. Cyclone; 8. Convective heat exchanger; 9. Cyclone; 10. Heat exchanger; 11. Flue gases MEA heat exchanger; 12. CO 2 expansion tank; 13.Reboiler; 14. Condenser; 15. Desorption column; 16. Economisers; 17. Desulphurization unit; 18. Absorbing column; 19. H 2 O-MEA heat exchanger; 20. Rich MEA solution tank; 21. NaOH solution tank; 22. Lean MEA solution tank; P1.Pump ф max; P2.Circulation pump NaOH &H 2 O; P3.Pump ф min; 7

8 Scheme of the CO 2 capture process made in HYSYS C C Reversible reaction with CO 2 CO 2 absorbtion: CO 2 + solvent = [solvent/co 2 ]solution Solvent regeneration: [solvent/co 2 ]solution + heat = CO 2 + solvent 8

9 Typical operating parameters For MEA (with 30% solution) operation: Absorber: CO 2 removal (40-60 C) Regenerator (Stripper): CO 2 release & solvent regeneration ( C) Efficiency: Up to 90% CO 2 removal from flue gas CO 2 product: 99% CO 2 purity Energy requirements: Sourced from the steam from turbine Photo Source: stacks.iop.org/erl/6/

10 Energy required, [GJ/tCO 2 ] The influence of the MEA concentration on the regeneration energy consumption of the solvent Solvent concentration (wt %) 90% Ɛ_CO2, T=90 C 92% Ɛ_CO2, T=90 C Increasing the MEA concentration in the aqueous solution over a value of 30% MEA leads to a significant decrease in the energy consumption for the solvent regeneration. The same decrease tendency was also noted when using a 92% efficiency of the CO 2 capture, the energy consumption decreasing from 5.6 GJ/t CO2 to 4.02 GJ/t CO2. 10

11 Conclusions: In Politehnica University of Bucharest are many project in progress regarding CO 2 capture. In the UPB are elaborate, Bachelor Degree, Master Degree, PhD Thesis in the field of CO 2 capture. CCS has so far been developing at a slow pace despite some technological progress, and urgent action is now needed to accelerate its deployment. 11

12 Thank you for your attention! Mihaela Norişor, Department of Energy Production and Use, FACULTY OF POWER ENGINEERING University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, district 6 Bucharest, CP