CO 2 CAPTURE FOR GAS PLANT. Robin Irons E.ON Innovation Centre, CCS Millbank, May 2013

Transcription

1 CO 2 CAPTURE FOR GAS PLANT Robin Irons E.ON Innovation Centre, CCS Millbank, May 2013

2 Seven key investment decision parameters not exhaustive Parameter Efficiency O&M Cost CAPEX HSE Definition Impact of the technology on the electric efficiency of the power plant. Impact of the technology on operational and maintenance costs including fuel costs includes costs for e.g. solvent makeup or membrane replacement or system repair Capital expenditures, i.e. impact of the technology on investment costs Impact of the technology on health, safety and environment Capture rate Availability The fraction of the CO2 generated by the power plant that is actually captured. Impact of the technology on availability Operability Impact of the technology on the operability of the system i.e. on flexibility (acceptable steady-state operation over a range of conditions), controllability (ability to move to new steadystate set-points and to handle process disturbances), startup/shutdown characteristics and ability to handle equipment failures in a safe manner. Source ZEP Technology Task Force working paper 2

3 What is different between Coal and Gas Combustion Products? Flow/MW increases GT is a momentum device, requires high mass flow. Oxygen Concentration Increases 5%-15% Acid Gas Content decreases (SO2/SO3/HCl/NOx)

4 Is CCS on Gas Plant Cheaper or More Expensive than from Coal Plant?

5 Is CCS on Gas Plant Cheaper or More Expensive than from Coal Plant? YES

6 Is CCS on Gas Plant Cheaper or More Expensive than from Coal Plant? YES Higher cost / tonne of CO2 Lower % increase in Cost of Electricity

7 CCS technologies - capture Post-Combustion Flue Gas N 2, O 2, H 2 O CO 2 Separation Fuel Combustion Pre-Combustion N 2, O 2, H 2 O CO 2 CO 2 Fuel Gasification / Partial-oxidation and CO 2 Separation O 2 H 2 Combustion CO 2 compression, transport and storage Separation N 2 CO 2 (H 2 O) Oxyfuel Fuel Combustion Recycling (CO 2, H 2 O) N 2 O 2 Separation

8 CCS technologies - capture Post-Combustion Flue Gas N 2, O 2, H 2 O CO 2 Separation Fuel Combustion Pre-Combustion Fuel Gasification / Partial-oxidation and CO 2 Separation O 2 Combustion N 2, O 2, H 2 O Not favoured economically H 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 compression, transport and storage Separation N 2 CO 2 (H 2 O) Oxyfuel Fuel Combustion Recycling (CO 2, H 2 O) N 2 O 2 Separation

9 CCS technologies - capture Post-Combustion Flue Gas N 2, O 2, H 2 O CO 2 Separation Fuel Combustion Pre-Combustion N 2, O 2, H 2 O CO 2 CO 2 Fuel Gasification / Partial-oxidation and CO 2 Separation O 2 H 2 Combustion CO 2 compression, transport and storage Separation N 2 CO 2 (H 2 O) Oxyfuel Fuel Combustion Recycling (CO 2, H 2 O) N 2 O 2 Separation

10 Amine Capture Treated Gas Water wash cooler Reflux Drum Reflux drum Reflux Condenser CO 2 Product Absorber Stripper Trim Cooler Direct Contact Cooler (DCC) Flue Gas Blower Reboiler Steam supply Flue Gas Cooler Rich Solvent Lean/Rich Exchanger Lean Solvent

11 What does Amine Scrubbing look like? Same diameter as FGD vessel but a little shorter (30m rather than 45-50m) Larger diameter than FGD (needs lower velocities) and about 60m CO 2 Stripper Absorber Gas Reheater FGD Absorber Direct Contact Cooler 50-60m but much narrower than absorbers (pressurised)

12 Impacts on Amine Capture of Move to CCGTs Factor Pre-scrubber Size Unchanged Or could be omitted replaced by more Absorber Absorber Height Similar Absorber Diameter Larger (50%) Stripper Diameter Smaller (20%) Stripper Height Similar Compressor/Dehydrator Reduced (50%) Pipeline diameter Reduced Clustering Helps Pipeline Length Unchanged Pipeline Consenting Unchanged Storage Fixed Costs Largely Unchanged Storage revenue costs Some down some unchanged

13 Maasvlakte Power Plant 3

14 Amine Capture Treated Gas Water wash cooler Reflux Drum Reflux drum Reflux Condenser CO 2 Product Absorber Stripper Trim Cooler Direct Contact Cooler (DCC) Flue Gas Blower Reboiler Steam supply Flue Gas Cooler Rich Solvent Lean/Rich Exchanger Lean Solvent

15 Steam Ejector

16 Site Layout - Kingsnorth

17 Site Layout - Kingsnorth

18 Site Layout - Kingsnorth

19 Post-Combstion for Gas: A Simple end-of-pipe Technology? CCGT Sensitive to back pressure High Percentage of LP steam required for regeneration Heat Balance impact Acid gas reduction reduces amine degradation, but high O2 increases it Gas Recirculation would Reduce scrubber diameter and height Reduce O2 Content Increase Complexity Challenge GT design limits materials/heat transfer/combustors Require new (or heavily modified) generations of GTs

20 CCS Technologies for Gas - Key Features Capex Opex Technology Maturity Technology Acceptability to stakeholders footprint and scale will be important

21 QUESTIONS?