GEOG 401: Week 2 Earth s Energy Balance
|
|
- Katrina Tucker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GEOG 401: Week 2 Earth s Energy Balance Dr. John Abatzoglou Spring 2011 Lecture Goals (1) Understand the global balance of energy and associated fluxes of energy and energy types (2) Qualita@ve and quan@ta@ve understanding of the greenhouse effect (3) Ability to es@mate radia@ve Energy Balance for various planets (including EarthJ ) Sun: The UlFmate Source Source of energy for life, primary energy input to climate system 1. Solar input plays a first order effect on global temperature!!! 2. Solar input changes (solar cycles), but generally constant 1
2 Factors that determine planetary surface temperature Distance from the Sun (primary energy source) Energy permeates outward in 3- d space following area of sphere = 4 πd 2 Reflec@vity of the planetary body Albedo How the planet absorbs and retains energy Greenhouse Effect The Electromagne@c Spectrum Radia@on energy transmized as a wave Short waves, vibrate very fast, HIGH ENERGY Long waves, vibrate slower, LOWER ENERGY Basic RadiaFon Laws Wavelengths and intensity of radia@on are related to temperature of emi\ng body. 1. Wien s Law: warmer objects emit a higher propor@on of their energy at short wavelengths than cold objects. 2. Stefan- Boltzman Law: Warmer objects emit more intensely than cold objects. 2
3 Wien s Law emission wavelength and temperature λ max = a / T Where: λ max is wavelength of peak emized radia@on (in µm) a = 2898 µmk, constant T emizer temperature (in K) Recall that K = T C Sun s temperature is 6000K What s its wavelength? Earth s average temperature is around 280K Stefan - Boltzmann Law Energy emized is dependent on its temperature: I = σ T 4 Where: I = Black body energy radia@on σ = (Constant) 5.67x10-8 W/m 2 /K 4 T = temperature in Kelvin Example: Sun surface is 6000K, so I = 7 x 10 7 W/m 2 Solar vs. Terrestrial Radia@on Radia@on emized from the sun and emized from the Earth are in discrete wavelength bands 3
4 Solar energy reaching the Earth. 1. How much does the sun emit? - Use Stefan- Boltzman Law 2. How much radia@on is incident on a planar surface at the top of the Earth s atmosphere? - Use Inverse distance squared law 3. What is the emission temperature of Earth? Balance Thermal Out Solar In Energy In 1367 W/m 2 * Surface area = πr 2 Energy Out I = σ T 4 * Surface area = 4πr 2 Albedo Defined: The frac@on of light reflected by an object or a surface, ranges from 0 to 1 White objects have high albedos (~1) Black objects have low albedos (~0) Increasing albedo 4
5 Constant Gases (inert, passive) Nitrogen(N 2 ): 78% Oxygen (O 2 ): 21% Variable Gases (radia@ve) Water Vapor (H 2 O) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Methane (CH4) Ozone (O 3 ) Atmospheric Composi@on These are Greenhouse Gases and absorb long wavelength energy 5
6 Each molecule can absorb and energy at different wavelengths Two atom molecules absorb negligible longwave energy E.g., Nitrogen (N 2 ) and Oxygen (O 2 ) Three or more atom molecules absorb much more longwave energy E.g., Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), water vapor (H 2 O), methane (CH 4 ) Tri- atomic and greater molecules have rota@onal/vibra@onal modes excited by IR radia@on Proper@es of Greenhouse Gases (1) Their rela@ve ability to absorb thermal radia@on emized from the Earth s surface (2) Their quan@ty (3) Their longevity in the atmosphere (4) Their rela@ve natural and man- made sources and sinks Greenhouses Gases: Water Vapor Due to shear numbers, water vapor accounts for vast majority of current greenhouse effect Natural Sources: the hydrologic cycle Anthropogenic Sources: Warmer air can hold more water vapor (climate feedback) Current Concentra@on: 0-4% Atmospheric Life@me: measure of how long a molecule remains in atmosphere, on average. so its NOT well mixed in the atmosphere 6
7 Greenhouses Gases: Carbon Dioxide The Notorious CO2 Natural Sources: ocean, volcanoes. Anthropogenic Sources: Incomplete of fossil fuels, biomass burning Atmospheric years so it is well mixed in the atmosphere~ implies global coverage Greenhouses Gases: Methane Carbon containing molecule that is 25X more potent on a molecule- molecule basis than CO2 Natural Sources: peat bogs, soil Anthropogenic Sources: Industrial and auto emissions, agriculture (belch!) Current Concentra@on: 2 ppm Atmospheric Life@me: 10 years so its well mixed in the atmosphere The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse effect: the process of absorbing and trapping infrared radia@on emized from the planet s surface by the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect makes a planet s surface temperature warmer than it would otherwise be. The stronger the greenhouse effect, the warmer the surface (other factors being equal). Important Point: For an atmosphere to provide a greenhouse effect it must dis@nguish between shortwave and longwave radia@on On Earth, longwave radia@on (emized by the Earth s surface) is preferen@ally absorbed by greenhouse gases 7
8 Strength of the Greenhouse Yes, related to # of GHG, more GHG = stronger effect For a strong Greenhouse effect the amount of radia@on exi@ng the Earth- Atmosphere system should be significantly less than that exi@ng the Earth s surface Compare TOA vs. Surface Bigger Difference == More heat trapping Normalized blackbody emission spectra % radia@on abs in troposphere % radia@on abs in upper- atm Absorp@on by the atmosphere Radia@on emized Shortwave (sun) Longwave (Earth) Radia@on transmized through atmosphere AbsorpFon Profiles Atmospheric Windows Keeping Cool 8
9 Incoming Solar RadiaFon of shortwave by atmospheric gas molecules is fairly weak (ex. O3) As a result, the atmosphere is transparent to shortwave radia@on Sun s energy is either ScaZered (reflected away) or Absorbed ScaZering happens by bouncing off Par@cles in the atmosphere Earth s surface Outgoing Longwave RadiaFon Absorp@on of longwave radia@on by atmospheric gas molecules is fairly strong!!! Certain gases in the atmosphere capture longer wavelengths emized from Earth s surface The atmosphere is opaque to longwave radia@on (10% escapes directly to space) This acts to trap more heat within the Earth- Atmosphere system, inhibi@ng cooling. Note that the SAME AMOUNT OF RADIATION STILL IS EXPELLED BACK TO SPACE REGARDLESS OF THE GREENHOUSE EFEECT Energy Balance Atmosphere transparent to solar, opaque to infrared radia@on Energy balance at two levels, top of atmosphere and surface - TOA, same as emission temperature - Surface T A T S 9
10 1/18/12 Leaky Greenhouse Earth s Energy Balance Earth s Atmosphere Transparent to Solar RadiaFon Some is scazered by clouds, aerosols Absorp@on of UV in ozone shields Earth from harmful radia@on Opaque to Thermal RadiaFon Most is absorbed by atmosphere Atmosphere re- radiates energy back to surface Less than 10% of longwave energy emized from surface actually escapes to space, most is absorbed by atmosphere. 33 C warming by our Natural Greenhouse Effect = Reason for Life on our Planet 10
11 Forcing Defined: Change in net (both solar and thermal) for the Earth s climate system compared to a control state. Used to assess how perturba@ons may be driving climate change Control state: Earth s climate system prior to the I.R. Experiment: Earth s climate system today, or into the future with both natural and anthropogenic changes applied. Consider the following perturba@on: oceans turn milky white A decrease in net radia6on is termed a nega6ve radia6ve forcing and would cool the planet Sudden Removal of all Greenhouse Gases OUTPUT Thermal (sfc) INPUT Solar No GHG gases means that the only input is solar Imbalance: Now outgoing energy away exceeds incoming energy. Thus, average surface temperature starts to decrease. Sudden Removal of all Greenhouse Gases As surface cools, emission of radia@on decreases un@l balance is restored. At this point, cooling stops Average surface temperature = -18 C 11
12 1/18/12 Energy Budget The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect Theory +4W/m2 Forcing (a) Current top of atmosphere (TOA) balance (b) Increased GHG inhibits cooling, so thermal out to space (IMBALANCE) Warming since input>output (c) atmospheric column must warm to achieve balance, thus in the level of emission increasing in Last Words on the Greenhouse Effect Atmosphere radiates energy back to Earth s surface The strength of the greenhouse effect can be thought of as the difference in the amount of radia@on leaving the Earth s surface from that leaving the top of the atmosphere (Thermal SFC - Thermal TOA) Intensity of radia@on related to temperature of emi\ng object GHG higher in the atmosphere have a stronger effect Increased # GHG = stronger effect More heat trapped in Earth- Atmosphere system = stronger effect 1- layer model is a simplifica@on of atmosphere, reality is that GHG exist through atmosphere and radia@ve exchange occurs at mul@ple levels 12
Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming.
Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2010q1/111 Censored Spotted by Jennifer Le Today Review and Finish up The Greenhouse Effect - RG p 21-30 A rogues gallery of greenhouse
More informationWinter 2009: ATMS/OCN/ESS 588 The Global Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases. Course Goals
PCC 588 - January 6 and 8 2009 Winter 2009: ATMS/OCN/ESS 588 The Global Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases T,Th 12:00-1:20 pm OSB 25 Course Goals The course focuses on factors controlling the global cycle
More informationClimate: Earth s Dynamic Equilibrium
Climate: Earth s Dynamic Equilibrium review session CCIU April 30, 2016 High-school standard HS-ESS2-4 focuses on the role energy flows play in Earth s climate HS-ESS2-4 Use a model to describe how variations
More informationIntroduction. Introduction. Introduction. Outline Last IPCC report : 2001 Last IPCC report :
Introduction Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change Laurent Bopp LSCE, Paris When did the story start? ¾1827 Fourier hypothesizes greenhouse effect ¾1860 Tyndal identifies CO2 and water vapor as heat trapping
More informationChapter 4: The Global Energy System
Discovering Physical Geography Third Edition by Alan Arbogast Chapter 4: The Global Energy System The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Solar Energy Solar Energy as Radiation Electromagnetic energy transmitted
More informationGLOBAL Energy Flow Thru Atmosphere
GLOBAL Energy Flow Thru Atmosphere Global Atmo Energy Balance In a stable climate, Solar Energy IN = IR Energy OUT IR Out Ahrens, Fig. 2.14 Solar in The Natural Greenhouse Effect: clear sky O 3 8% CH 4
More informationSome resources (more websites later)
Some resources (more websites later) Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis at http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/reports.htm John Houghton Global Warming - the complete briefing Cambridge
More informationLecture 22: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
Lecture 22: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Required Reading: FP Chapter 14 (only sections that I cover) Suggested Introductory Reading: Jacob Chapter 7 Atmospheric Chemistry CHEM-5151 / ATOC-5151 Spring
More informationEarth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014
Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014 MRS 1 Due Tuesday Second exam will be postponed until after spring break The sun drives the climate of Earth http://www.spaceweather.com/images2002/18mar02/cme_c3_big.gif
More information1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse.
1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse. 5. A gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide would warm Earth s because carbon dioxide is a A) poor reflector of ultraviolet radiation B) good reflector
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Climate Forcings
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Climate Forcings DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 7: 10-16-13 Outline of This Topic Climate forcings Things that directly
More informationEnvironmental Engineering Atmosphere & pollution 2
Environmental Engineering Atmosphere & pollution 2 Global radiation Greenhouse effect Kyoto protocol David Zumr Dpt. of Drainage, Irrigation and Landscape Eng. 1/ insolation from the Sun Electromagnetic
More informationRadiative Forcing Components
Radiative Forcing Components Content Definition of Radiative Forcing Radiation Balance Climate sensitivity Solar forcing Forcing due to atmospheric gas Definition of Radiative Forcing In climate science,
More informationThe Greenhouse Effect
Name: Date: The Greenhouse Effect This document provides an overview of the earth's atmospheric "greenhouse effect" by briefly exploring the atmospheres of nearby planets and discussing our atmosphere's
More informationHow Can Thermal Effects Be Explained?
How Can Thermal Effects Be Explained? Lesson 6, Part 3: Climate Science The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect The Earth will maintain equilibrium (constant stable temperature level) if the energy coming in is.
More informationPlanetary Energy Balance
Planetary Energy Balance Overview of Planetary Energy Balance Energy coming into the Earth s atmosphere from the sun is always in balance with the energy leaving Earth s atmosphere going back out into
More informationGlobal Warming and the Hydrological Cycle
Global Warming and the Hydrological Cycle Climate Change Projections Wet regions will become wetter Dry regions will become drier Precipitation will occur less frequently Precipitation will be more intense
More informationEarth s Energy Budget
Earth s Energy Budget Compare and contrast the amount of energy coming from the Sun that is reflected, absorbed or scattered by the atmosphere, oceans, and land masses. Understanding the lingo Reflected:
More informationTODAY: TOPIC #6 WRAP UP!! Atmospheric Structure & Composition
TODAY: TOPIC #6 WRAP UP!! Atmospheric Structure & Composition There s one more thing to correct in our the depiction of incoming Solar....... the atmosphere is NOT totally TRANSPARENT to INCOMING Solar
More informationEarth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 2/28/2013
Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 2/28/2013 MRS 1 Due Tuesday The Earth s atmosphere has changed substantially over our planet s history First gases surrounding Earth were originally hydrogen and helium (during
More informationThe September Equinox is today: Sep 23rd! It s considered the traditional end of Summer and the beginning of Fall
More coming up in Topic #11 (class notes p 61) The September Equinox is today: Sep 23rd! It s considered the traditional end of Summer and the beginning of Fall The Sun s rays have greatest intensity right
More informationChapter 11: Atmosphere
To get you thinking This is our atmosphere. All life on Earth exists within this tiny protective blanket. Why is the atmosphere important to us? What do you think it does for us? Chapter 11: Atmosphere
More informationTopic # 7 ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Topic # 7 ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION All about the GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE, esp. GREENHOUSE GASES! Class Notes pp 37-41 OBJECTIVES: To understand: -- the VERTICALSTRUCTURE of the atmosphere
More informationTopic # 7 Part II ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Topic # 7 Part II ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION All about the GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE, esp. GREENHOUSE GASES! Class Notes pp 37-41 REVIEW: ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE The changes in temperature
More informationIs the greenhouse effect good or bad?
NAME 1. The diagram below represents energy being absorbed and reradiated by the Earth. Is the greenhouse effect good or bad? 5. Equal areas of which surface would most likely absorb the most insolation?
More informationGreenhouse gases. A snow-covered surface refl ects massive amounts of sunlight and therefore has a cooling effect on the climate.
A k t u e l N a t u r v i d e n s k a b 2 0 0 9 G R E E N H O U S E G A S E S 13 Greenhouse gases - and their impact on the climate The greenhouse effect is the best understood and well mapped of the mechanisms
More informationBasics of greenhouse gases and climate change
Basics of greenhouse gases and climate change Facts and theories We need to distinguish between what we know (facts), and what we think will happen (theories). In the subject of greenhouse gases and global
More informationGreenhouse Effect. How we stay warm
Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm The Sun s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space) How much solar radiation reaches Earth? The Earth s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming
More informationGlobal Warming Science Solar Radiation
SUN Ozone and Oxygen absorb 190-290 nm. Latent heat from the surface (evaporation/ condensation) Global Warming Science Solar Radiation Turbulent heat from the surface (convection) Some infrared radiation
More informationRadiative forcing of gases, aerosols and, clouds.
Lecture 23. Radiative forcing of gases, aerosols and, clouds. 1. Concepts of radiative forcing, climate sensitivity, and radiation feedbacks. 2. Radiative forcing of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. 3.
More informationClimate Change. Black-Body Radiation. Factors that affect how an object absorbs, emits (radiates), and reflects EM radiation incident on them:
Climate Change Black-Body Radiation Factors that affect how an object absorbs, emits (radiates), and reflects EM radiation incident on them: 1) Nature of the surface: material, shape, texture, etc. 2)
More informationEarth s Energy Budget Ac2vity
Earth s Energy Budget Ac2vity Instruc2ons: In the following ac2vity you will use pennies, or other stackable objects, to illustrate the text and graphics describing Earth s energy budget. You will read
More informationGlobal Climate Change. The sky is falling! The sky is falling!
Global Climate Change The sky is falling! The sky is falling! 1 Global Climate Change Radiative Equilibrium, Solar and Earth Radiation Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases Global Climate Change
More informationTananyag fejlesztés idegen nyelven
Tananyag fejlesztés idegen nyelven Prevention of the atmosphere KÖRNYEZETGAZDÁLKODÁSI AGRÁRMÉRNÖKI MSC (MSc IN AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) Calculation of greenhouse effect. The carbon cycle Lecture 11
More informationFINAL EXAM STUDYING JUMP START REVIEW. Some review from earlier in the semester and some Q s on more recent topics...
FINAL EXAM STUDYING JUMP START REVIEW Some review from earlier in the semester and some Q s on more recent topics.... The wavelength range of infrared 1. < 0.4 micrometers radiation. 2. > 0.7 micrometers
More informationAtmosphere, the Water Cycle and Climate Change
Atmosphere, the Water Cycle and Climate Change OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 16 April 2013 (Based on previous lectures by Barry Huebert) 2013 F.J. Sansone 1. The water cycle Outline 2. Climate and climate-change
More informationEnergy and the Earth. Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation.
S c i e n c e Energy and the Earth Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation. Energy transfer Heat is energy in transit from warmer
More informationAnswers to the Questions Posed by Judge Alsup
Answers to the Questions Posed by Judge Alsup Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois SF March 21, 2018 Date Name of Meeting 1 Addressing Some Questions for the Tutorial
More informationUnit 3 Lesson 1 Earth s Support of Life. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Living It Up What do living things need to survive? Earth is covered in living things. The basic necessities of life are air, water, a source of energy, and a habitat to live in. How do Earth and the sun
More informationOVERVIEW AND INTRO TO CLIMATE SCIENCE MIT SUMMER HSSP, 2016 WEEK 1
OVERVIEW AND INTRO TO CLIMATE SCIENCE MIT SUMMER HSSP, 2016 WEEK 1 COURSE OVERVIEW THIS IS GOING TO BE FUN (I HOPE ) JOSH S BACKGROUND MIT: 2 nd Year Ph.D. Student Researching Atmospheric Chemistry U.C.
More informationChapter 19 Global Change. Wednesday, April 18, 18
Chapter 19 Global Change Module 62 Global Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect After reading this module you should be able to distinguish among global change, global climate change, and global warming.
More informationHeating and Warming: Sensitivity of Earth s Climate to Atmospheric CO 2
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP Heating and Warming: Sensitivity of Earth s Climate to Atmospheric CO 2 Presented by: Scott Denning and Randy Russell September 24, 2012 6:30 p.m. 8:00 p.m. Eastern
More informationThursday Sep 25th SIT WITH YOUR GROUP TODAY! Topic # 6 Atmospheric Structure & Chemical Composition
Thursday Sep 25th SIT WITH YOUR GROUP TODAY! Topic # 6 Atmospheric Structure & Chemical Composition Self Test 4 & RQ-4 on The Laws of Thermodynamics are now posted. The readings that will prepare you for
More informationCase 3:17-cv WHA Document Filed 03/23/18 Page 1 of 14 EXHIBIT 4
Case 3:17-cv-06011-WHA Document 183-4 Filed 03/23/18 Page 1 of 14 EXHIBIT 4 Case 3:17-cv-06011-WHA Document 183-4 Filed 03/23/18 Page 2 of 14 Answers to the Questions Posed by Judge Alsup Don Wuebbles
More informationEnergy, power and climate change
Energy, power and climate change Energy degradation and power generation Thermal energy may be completely converted to work in a single process, but continuous conversion of this energy into work requires
More informationLinking air quality and climate policies and the aerosol issue
Linking air quality and climate policies and the aerosol issue Sandro Fuzzi Ins:tute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Na:onal Research Council Bologna, Italy ALPINE SUMMER SCHOOL Climate, Aerosols and
More informationThe Earth s Global Energy Balance
The Earth s Global Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Insolation over the Globe World Latitude Zones Composition of the Atmosphere Sensible Heat and Latent Heat Transfer The Global Energy System
More informationCONSENSUS SCIENCE A SUMMARY OVERVIEW Updated on 18 September 2012 by Hans Schreuder
CONSENSUS SCIENCE A SUMMARY OVERVIEW Updated on 18 September 2012 by Hans Schreuder From a UK government site: http://www.bis.gov.uk/go-science/climatescience/greenhouse-effect After gas molecules absorb
More informationGlobal Climatic Change. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 22 Ahrens: Chapter 16
Global Climatic Change GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 22 Ahrens: Chapter 16 Global Climatic Change! Review: Radiation balance! Enhanced greenhouse effect! human-induced change! Climate feedbacks Climatic change!
More informationThe Global Water Cycle
The Global Water Cycle Water Unusual properties Central role in biogeochemistry Agent in global weathering cycles Water Outline Most abundant molecule on earths surface (1) Water: Properties and importance
More informationLecture 2: Greenhouse Gases - Basic Background on Atmosphere - GHG Emission and Concentration Rise - California Regulation (AB32)
Lecture 2: Greenhouse Gases - Basic Background on Atmosphere - GHG Emission and Concentration Rise - California Regulation (AB32) METR 113/ENVS 113 Spring Semester 2011 February 15, 2011 Suggested Reading
More informationThree Connected Interactives
Three Connected Interactives Carbon Dioxide and the Carbon Cycle Earth s Energy Flows and Climate Impacts of Climate Change in the Pacific Region Climate Change: Causes and Impacts Human Activities More
More informationA MINI FINAL EXAM REVIEW: SOME PRACTICE QUESTIONS
A MINI FINAL EXAM REVIEW: SOME PRACTICE QUESTIONS FIRST -- The answers to the G-5 GROUP ACTIVITY on VOLCANISM & CLIMATE G-5 VOLCANISM & CLIMATE ACTIVITY #1. List 4 reasons why Tambora in 1815 resulted
More informationANSWER KEY TO THE PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON THE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
ANSWER KEY TO THE PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON THE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE -- 2013 1. Y (visible) 2. Z (infrared) 3. X (ultraviolet) 4. d (the absorption is occurring almost entirely in the infrared (LW) part
More information4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE. Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface
4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Carbon dioxide and water vapour are the most significant greenhouse
More informationSec on 3-4: Radia on, Energy, Climate
Sec on 3-4: Radia on, Energy, Climate Part 2 Learning outcomes list and describe the major natural and anthropogenic forcings of recent CC understand the effect of feedbacks on amplifying or dampening
More informationThe Greenhouse Effect
Name: #: Date: 5.8 The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect traps heat in the atmosphere. This helps the Earth remain warm enough for humans. Without the greenhouse effect, human would not be able to
More informationLecture 8: Anthropogenic Climate Change. Instructor: Prof. Johnny Luo. Acknowledge: IPCC
Lecture 8: Anthropogenic Climate Change Instructor: Prof. Johnny Luo Acknowledge: IPCC Energy Budget Fluid (atmosphere/ ocean) motions to redistribute energy Energy imbalance (forcing) and climate change
More informationToday. Terrestrial Planets. Atmospheres Climate. Factors affecting atmospheres. Earth, Venus, Mars. Greenhouse effect from planetary perspective
Today Terrestrial Planets Earth, Venus, Mars Atmospheres Climate Greenhouse effect from planetary perspective Factors affecting atmospheres EXAM NEXT TIME Why the sky is blue Atmosphere scatters blue light
More informationChapter 19: Global Change
1 Summary Of the Case Study Polar Bear population in the Antarctic going down because temperatures are going up and melting the caps. Polar bears are losing their habitat, they also can t get their food
More informationSea ice field at time of annual minimum extent. NASA
Sea ice field at time of annual minimum extent. NASA Climate Models & Climate Sensitivity: A Review Sea ice field at time of annual minimum extent. NASA Paul Kushner Department of Physics, University of
More informationHigh School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals. October 2011
1 High School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals October 2011 Current Climate 1. Earth climate is determined by a balance between absorbed sunlight and emitted infrared radiation. Because
More information2 Atmospheric Heating
CHAPTER 15 2 Atmospheric Heating SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How does energy travel from the sun to Earth? What are
More informationThe Greenhouse Effect
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT a short, but important, topic for passive heating and for climate change http://www.solcomhouse.com/globalwarming.htm Ball State Architecture ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 1 Grondzik 1 The
More informationEarth Sea and Sky National Science Olympiad, May 15, Team (school) Team Number. Team member 1. Team member 2
Earth Sea and Sky National Science Olympiad, May 15, 1999 Results Notebook Team (school) Team Number Team member 1 Team member 2 Important! Be sure to pick up a copy of the "handbook," where you will find
More informationWhy is carbon dioxide so important? Examining the evidence
Why is carbon dioxide so important? Examining the evidence In the light of new evidence and taking into account the remaining uncertainties, most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely
More informationENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge
ENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge GLOBAL WARMING Editorial Prof. B.N. Goswami (Director, IITM, Pune) Dr. G. Beig (ENVIS Co-ordinetor) Ms. Neha S. Parkhi (Program Officer) Mr. Rajnikant
More informationGLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB
GLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB A COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAM ON TEMPERATURE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISING After performing this computer simulation lab you will be able to: 1) understand the greenhouse effect
More informationPS: A list of respected organizations, institutions and authorities that perpetuate the myth.
Update on the Greenhouse Effect Poppycock Deception is near-total (Original version: http://www.ilovemycarbondioxide.com/pdf/greenhouse_effect_poppycock.pdf ) By Alan Siddons 27 March 2009 If glass lets
More informationRadiative Forcing and
Radiative Forcing and Feedbacks in Climate Change Júlio C. S. Chagas Entrenamiento en Modelado Numérico de Escenarios de Cambios Climáticos Cachoeira Paulista, 30 de Agosto 4 de Septiembre de 2009. Definitions
More informationGreenhouse Effect & Climate Change
Greenhouse Effect & Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Light energy from the sun (solar radiation) is either reflected or absorbed by the Earth. Greenhouse Effect When it is absorbed by the Earth (or something
More information2. Climate Change: Projections of Climate Change: 2100 and beyond
Global Warming: Science, Projections and Uncertainties Global Warming: Science, Projections and Uncertainties An overview of the basic science An overview of the basic science 1. A Brief History of Global
More informationGlobal Warming: What is the role of aerosol?
Global Warming: What is the role of aerosol? Barbara Wyslouzil, Sept. 10 2007 Outline Aerosols 101 The greenhouse effect Global temperature records The global warming problem How do aerosols play a role
More informationThe Science of Global Warming
The Science of Global Warming Global Warming can be understood qualitatively using the two concepts: Energy Balance Feedback Loops Two important Definitions Greenhouse effect: natural, beneficial consequence
More informationK39: The Key Evidence That Current Global Warming is Human-Caused
K39: The Key Evidence That Current Global Warming is Human-Caused Here are 13 lines of Evidence GW = AGW (Global Warming = Anthropogenic Global Warming) Evidence #1: A Warming Troposphere with a Cooling
More informationGuiding Questions. What is acid rain, how is it formed, and what are some of its impacts?
2201. The atmosphere is a combination of gasses, primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen with small amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides and many other trace
More information7th Grade. Climate and Weather. Slide 1 / 161 Slide 2 / 161. Slide 3 / 161. Slide 4 / 161. Slide 6 / 161. Slide 5 / 161. Global Climate Change
Slide 1 / 161 Slide 2 / 161 7th Grade Global Climate Change 2015-11-03 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 161 Global Climate Change Slide 4 / 161 Climate and Weather The Greenhouse Effect Global Climate Change Anthropogenic
More information7th Grade. Slide 1 / 161. Slide 2 / 161. Slide 3 / 161. Global Climate Change. Global Climate Change
Slide 1 / 161 Slide 2 / 161 7th Grade Global Climate Change 2015-11-03 www.njctl.org Global Climate Change Slide 3 / 161 Climate and Weather The Greenhouse Effect Global Climate Change Anthropogenic Causes
More informationFigure 1 - Global Temperatures - A plot from the EarthScience Centre at
GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is evidenced by a steady rise in average global temperatures, changing climate, the fact that snow cover has decreased 10% over the past half-century and that glaciers have
More informationRadiative forcing of climate change
Radiative forcing of climate change Joanna D. Haigh Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London Radiative forcing concept, definition and applications On a global and annual average, and
More informationEarth energy budget and balance
Earth energy budget and balance 31% total reflection (3% clouds. 8% surface) 69% absorption( 0% clouds, 49% surface) Reflection is frequency dependent but will be treated as average value for visible light
More informationChapter 19 Global Change
Chapter 19 Global Change Global Change Global change- any chemical, biological or physical property change of the planet. Examples include cold temperatures causing ice ages. Global climate change-changes
More informationClimate Change, Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols J Srinivasan J Srinivasan is a Professor at the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He was a lead author
More informationGREENHOUSE GASES 3/14/2016. Water Vapor, CO 2, CFCs, Methane and NO x all absorb radiation Water vapor and CO 2 are the primary greenhouse gases
GREENHOUSE EFFECT The earth is like a greenhouse The atmosphere acts like the glass which lets the sun s rays pass through. The earth absorbs this as heat energy and keeps it in, only letting a little
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN. Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science COMPOSITION OF AIR? COMPOSITION OF AIR? 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.93% Argon and other noble gases 0.04% carbon dioxide Variable amounts of water
More informationChemistry 471/671. Global Climate Change
Chemistry 471/671 Global Climate Change The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming These are NOT the same thing! To begin with, let s make the distinction 2 Earth Average temperature 15 C Average pressure:
More informationChapter 19 Global Change
Chapter 19 Global Change Global Change change - any chemical, biological or physical property change of the planet. Examples include cold temperatures causing ice ages. Global change - changes in the climate
More informationClimate Change 101 Series
1 CCAPS: Climate Change 101 Series, Topic 1. Greenhouse gases Climate Change 101 Series The blog-posts entitled Climate Change 101 Series are designed for the general audience and beginning students of
More informationEvidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change
Evidence and implications of anthropogenic climate change Earth s Climate has always been changing 1) Is climate changing now? Global Warming? Sea level rising IPCC 2007 Fig. 5.13 (p. 410) Recontructed
More informationConvection. L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Conduction. heat conduction. radiation
L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Heat transfer processes convection conduction Thermodynamics of the atmosphere Greenhouse effect and climate change Effect of the ozone layer Convection heat is transferred from
More information1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere
CHAPTER 22 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are the layers of Earth s atmosphere? How has Earth s atmosphere
More informationThe Atmospheric System 6.1
The Atmospheric System 6.1 What is the atmosphere? Layer of gas that surrounds our planet. The atmosphere is a dynamic system with inputs, outputs, storages and flows. Heat and pollutants are carried
More informationRadiation and Climate Change
Radiation and Climate Change Earth s Energy Balance Forcing and Feedback Implications for climate change including the global water cycle Introduction / Motivations Past societies e.g. Jared Diamond: Collapse
More informationComposition and Energy AOSC 200 Tim Canty
Composition and Energy AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Atmospheric composition cont. Energy transfer Lecture 03 Sept 5 2017 1 Today s Weather
More informationClosed Systems A closed system is a system in which energy, but not matter is exchanged with the surroundings.
2.2 Notes Objectives Compare an open system with a closed system. List the characteristics of Earth s four major spheres. Identify the two main sources of energy in the Earth system. Identify four processes
More informationGlobal Climate Change
Global Climate Change MODULE 11: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT 1: BIODIVERSITY Objectives Define terms. Understand global climate change. Describe the basic predictions of the global climate models. Understand
More informationL 18 Thermodynamics [3] Thermodynamics- review. electromagnetic spectrum. radiation. What produces thermal radiation?
L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Heat transfer processes convection conduction Physics of the atmosphere the ozone layer Greenhouse effect climate change Thermodynamics- review Thermodynamics is the science dealing
More informationGreenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases let short-wavelength radiation come into the Earth s atmosphere from the sun. However, they absorb and re-radiate Earth s long-wavelength radiation
More informationEarth s Climate from Space. Richard Allan Department of Meteorology University of Reading
Earth s Climate from Space Richard Allan Department of Meteorology University of Reading Earth s energy balance in space S πr 2 4πr 2 Outgoing Thermal Radiative Energy Absorbed Solar Radiative Energy
More informationClimate Change Vocabulary Global Challenges for the 21 st Century Tony Del Vecchio, M.Ed. Atmosphere
Atmosphere The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth. The Earth's atmosphere consists of about 79.1% nitrogen (by volume), 20.9% oxygen, 0.036% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of other gases. The atmosphere
More information