Solar in Minnesota. February 27, 2013

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Stephany Francis
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1 Solar Ready and Passive Solar in Minnesota February 27, 2013

2 Solar energy options Solar ready design principles Passive solar design principlesp Resources 2

3 Division of Energy Resources State Energy Office Providing sound information for 35+ years on: Energy conservation Energy efficiency Renewable technologies 3

4 When you design or build a home, how long will it last? 10 years? 100 years? Longer? 4

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6 Information technology Increasing fuel costs Electric vehicles More Solar! 6

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8 A builder can add value by: Building energy efficient i homes that t save $$ for decades Considering environmental impacts Anticipating future technology options and plan for them today! 8

9 Photo Credit: Dennis Schroeder 9

10 Photo credit: Solar Skies 10

11 Photo credit: Rural Renewable Energy Alliance 11

12 Photo credit: Rachel Wagner 12

13 Solar resource varies by: Time of day Season Local Weather Local Landscape Slide credit: Eric Buchanan, UM Morris 13

14 Is There Shading? Are there onsite obstructions Shading from adjacent land? A resource assessment quantifies the current solar resource profile 14

15 Solar is a resource for both urban and rural applications The resource varies seasonally by a factor of ~2 There is <15% difference in solar resource statewide 15

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17 Electric Vehicles Energy Storage Falling gprice of solar Rising conventional fuel costs Third party ownership 17

18 Today 1,100 installations = 13,000 kw 70% residential:15% of capacity 30% commercial: 85% of capacity Photo Credit: Westwood Renewables 18

19 13 Megawatts 1,100 systems 70% residential Photo Credit: Powerfully Green 19

20 Annual (k kw DC ) 6000 Minnesota's Solar Capacity and Annual Installations Non-profit Business Residential end-use sector unknown Cumulative Current capacity: 13,000 kw DC as of January 2013 Large installations: * St. John's University = 400kW (2009) * Mpls Convention Center = 600kW (2010) * IKEA = 1,014 kw (2012) * Slayton Solar = 2,000 kw (2013) Cumulati ive (kw)

21 Minneapolis Convention Center 600 kw capacity 3dl 3rd largest tpvi installation ti City of Minneapolis Xcel RDF Fund Developer: Best Power Int l 21 Photo Credit: City of Minneapolis

22 Cherokee Park United Church 21 kilowatts St. Paul, MN Photo Credit: SunDial Solar; Silicon Energy 22

23 40 Amp service 240 Volt outlet Conduit and wiring to the parking area Photo Credit: com/boulder county news 23

24 US Dept. of Energy Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Electrical Contractors Photo Credit: MN Dept. of Natural Resources 24

25 Most versatile end use Utility incentives widely available Photo Credit: James Gage Photo Credit: Powerfully Green

26 Fewer utility incentives Small market in MN 1897: 1/3 of homes in Pasadena had Solar Water Heating Photo Credit: Solar Skies 1941: SWH in ½ the homes in FL 26

27 Photo Credit: Powerfully Green 27

28 Photo credit: Applied Energy Innovations 28

29 Photo Credit: Conservation Technologies 29

30 Most efficient Most shade tolerant Photo credit: Energy Concepts Photo credit: Solar Skies

31 Photo credit: Rural Renewable Energy Alliance 31

32 Least expensive Simple to install Easy to maintain Photos credit: Rural Renewable Energy Alliance

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35 Building design and construction that enables straightforward installation of solar energy systems after the building is constructed 35

36 1. Orient and Design for solar benefit 2. Plan STRUCTURE for future solar equipment 3. Plan SPACE for future solar equipment 4. Make product and location choices to accommodate future solar equipment 5. Design for minimal building energy loads! 36

37 FACTORS Seasons Spaces ENERinfo Views Wind Overhangs Glare Heat Gain Heat Loss Adjacent features 37

38 Elements that can support solar: Window overhangs Deck railings Walls Roofs Photo courtesy Mike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies 38

39 Allowable load calculated by an engineer A single plane facing south 39

40 Allowable load calculated by an engineer A single plane facing south A steep pitch to shed snow and capture sunlight Latitude or rule of thumb 10:12 12:12 40

41 Allowable load calculated by an engineer A single plane facing south A steep pitch to shed snow and capture sunlight Latitude or rule of thumb 10:12 12:12 No roof vents, dormers, chimneys or obstructions that will shade the array 41

42 Allowable load calculated by an engineer A single plane facing south A steep pitch to shed snow and capture sunlight Latitude or rule of thumb 10:12 12:12 No roof vents, dormers, chimneys or obstructions that will shade the array Unshaded by trees or nearby buildings Minimum 60 clear to anything 20 taller than roof 42

43 Leave Space for SWH Equipment Mechanical room (min. 100 ft2) SWH tanks can be quite large in diameter tall 43

44 Chases Solar hot water needs space for insulated piping Create a path from mechanical space to attic for Solar Hot Water Have access to the space for later work 44

45 Electrical for solar electric PV: run ¾ flexible conduit from attic to terminate near electrical panel 2 diam. sleeve through the wall or rim Access to electrical panel Photo credit: Silicon Energy and Blue Horizon 45

46 Plumbing There are solar-ready water heaters Solar control module kit an add-on for a tank water heater Plan for building penetrations 46

47 Heating Hydronic systems are most adaptable Boiler can accommodate solar hot water 47

48 Efficient equipment Short mechanical and plumbing runs Solar- managed windows Super- insulated shell Building needs less energy Solar- oriented space plan 48

49 Building form, space plan and construction methods let the sun contribute desired heat, light, and ventilation. Uses no equipment; very cost effective 49

50 Considerations: Site constraints Building constraints Geometric constraints Existing obstacles Photo credit: Rachel Wagner Orient within 30 degrees of south 50

51 South-facing building facade, within 30 degrees Solar-oriented space planning Design for super insulated shell Window shading & cross ventilation Proper window glazing selection Design for daylight 51

52 N Morning spaces east/southeast Daytime spaces south Evening spaces west Utility spaces north Open plan 52

53 Favor open floor plan with living i areas to the south Allow heat to circulate throughout the living areas 53

54 Limited it direct sun in summer months Ample direct sun in winter months Roof overhangs = shading 54

55 OVERHANGS allow south windows to admit lower altitude winter sun while shading higher summer sun Know your solar altitude Solar altitude in Duluth: Dec. 21 = 19.5 degrees Jan. 21 = 23 June 21 =

56 Many options: Integral Roof Overhangs Trellis or pergola elements Sun-shades (awnings) Decks 56

57 Calculated south facing glass: usually 9-12% of floor area High SHGC > 0.4 Low U-value < 0.3 Usually, in our climate, triple pane glazing Be careful with westfacing glass 57

58 Designed for natural daylight Reduced d use of artificial i lighting Proper shading & cross ventilation eliminate need for AC 58

59 Brought to you (in this house) by the SUN: Space Heat...Light. Ventilation. Electricity.Hot Water Using what the SUN can provide 59

60 Rural Renewable Energy Alliance, Pine River Solar Skies, Alexandria tenksolar, Bloomington Silicon Energy, Mountain Iron SolarPod, Eagan And others (3M, Silent Power, Back Up Power Systems, Despatch, Northfield Automation, Cardinal Glass, etc...) 60

61 1. Solar Ready Building Design Guidelines mn.gov/commerce/energy/images/solar-ready-building.pdf 2. Solar Ready Construction Specification Report mn.gov/commerce/energy/images/solar-ready-construction.pdf 61

62 1. ENERGY STAR Solar Ready Photovoltaic (PV) Specification 2. Solar Water Heating (SWH) Specification 62

63 Questions?

Course Title: A Place in the Sun: Why We (Still) Need Solar-Optimized Design. Speaker Name/s: Rachel Wagner

AIA Provider: Provider Number: Northeast Sustainable Energy Association G338 Course Title: A Place in the Sun: Why We (Still) Need Solar-Optimized Design Course Number: BE1528 Speaker Name/s: Rachel Wagner