Renewable Energy Sources II: Alternatives Part II. Lecture #11 HNRS 228 Energy and the Environment
|
|
- Eric Spencer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Renewable Energy Sources II: Alternatives Part II Lecture #11 HNRS 228 Energy and the Environment 1
2 Hydroelectric Power Wind Power Chapter 5 Summary Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Biomass as Energy Geothermal Energy Tidal Energy Wave Energy Today s Focus Biomass Others 2
3 Recall Renewable Resources Renewable means anything that won t be destroyed by using it sunlight (the sun will rise again tomorrow) biomass (grows again) hydrological cycle (will rain again) wind (sunlight on earth makes more) ocean currents (driven by sun) tidal motion (moon keeps on producing it) geothermal (heat sources inside earth not used up fast) 3
4 Renewable Energy Consumption Energy Source QBtu (1994) Percent (1994) QBtu (2003) Percent (2003) Hydroelectric Geothermal Biomass Solar Energy Wind Total
5 Another look at available energy flow The flow of radiation (solar and thermal) was covered previously earth is in an energy balance: energy in = energy out 30% reflected, 70% thermally re-radiated Some of the incident energy is absorbed, but what exactly does this do? much goes into heating the air/land much goes into driving weather (rain, wind) some goes into ocean currents some goes into photosynthesis 5
6 The Renewable Budget 6
7 Outstanding Points from Fig. 5.1 Incident radiation is W this is 1370 W/m 2 times area facing sun ( R 2 ) 30% directly reflected back to space off clouds, air, land 47% goes into heating air, land, water 23% goes into evaporating water, precipitation, etc. (part of weather) Adds to 100%, so we re done but wait! there s more 7
8 Energy Flow, continued 0.21% goes into wind, waves, convection, currents note this is 100 times less than driving the water cycle but this is the other aspect of weather 0.023% is stored as chemical energy in plants via photosynthesis total is W; half in ocean (plankton) humans are 6 billion times 100 W = W this is 1.5% of bio-energy; % of incident power All of this (bio-activity, wind, weather, etc.) ends up creating heat and re-radiating to space except some small amount of storage in fossil fuels 8
9 iclicker Question With respects to energy, hydroelectric power represents A remnant electric power from storms B remnant water energy from chemical bonds C remnant energy of chemical bonding D remnant gravitational potential energy of precipitation E a form of fictitious energy 9
10 iclicker Question What is true about hydroelectric power generation since 1950? A It has always increased in MW produced B It has always decreased in MW produced C It has increased and decreased in total MW produced, but is now at a peak D It has both increased and decreased in total MW produced E The percentage of electric power produced by hydroelectric plants has generally increased over time 10
11 iclicker Question What is about the maximum efficiency of energy generation using the wind? A 20% B 40% C 60% D 80% E 100% 11
12 iclicker Question Which state generates the most amount of electricity derived from wind power? A Virginia B Alaska C Montana D California E Texas 12
13 Biomass Biomass is any living organism, plant, animal, etc W out of the 174, W incident on the earth from the sun goes into photosynthesis 0.023% this is the fuel for virtually all biological activity half occurs in oceans Compare this to global human power generation of W, or to W of human biological activity Fossil fuels represent stored biomass energy 13
14 Photosynthesis Typical carbohydrate (sugar) has molecular structure like: [CH 2 O] x, where x is some integer refer to this as unit block : C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) has x=6 Photosynthetic reaction: xco 2 + xh 2 O + light [CH 2 O] x + xo g 0.6 g 16 kj 1 g 1.07 g Carbohydrate reaction (food consumption) is photosynthesis run backwards 16 kj per gram is about 4 Calories per gram Basically a battery for storing solar energy usage just runs reaction backward (but energy instead of light) 14
15 Photosynthetic efficiency Only 25% of the solar spectrum is useful to the photosynthetic process uses both red and blue light (reflects green), doesn t use IR or UV 70% of this light is actually absorbed by leaf Only 35% of the absorbed light energy (in the useful wavelength bands) is stored as chemical energy the rest is heat akin to photovoltaic incomplete usage of photon energy Net result is about 6% 15
16 Realistic photosynthetic efficiency Location Plant Production (g/m 2 per day) Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency Potential Maximum 71 5% Polluted stream (?!) 55 4% Iowa cornfield % Pine Forest 6 0.5% Wyoming Prairie % Nevada Desert % 16
17 iclicker Question The photosynthesis reaction A takes in sugar and water and produces carbon dioxide and energy B takes in sugar and sunlight and produces sugar and energy C takes in sunlight and water to produce sugar and oxygen D takes in sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar and oxygen E takes in sunlight, oxygen and water to produce sugar and energy 17
18 iclicker Question Metabolic consumption of food is like photosynthesis in reverse in that A you use oxygen and water to produce energy and carbon dioxide B you use carbon dioxide and water to produce energy and oxygen C you use sugar and oxygen to produce energy and carbon dioxide D you use sugar and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water E you use sugar and carbon dioxide to produce energy and oxygen 18
19 How much biomass is available? Two estimates of plant production in book come up with comparable answers: grams per year 320 grams per m 2 averaged over earth s surface consistent with W photosynthesis U.S. annual harvested mass corresponds to 80 QBtu comparable to 100 QBtu total consumption U.S. actually has wood-fired plants: 6,650 MW-worth in 2002, burned equivalent of 200,000 barrels of oil per day 19
20 Ethanol from Corn One can make ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH: a common alcohol) from corn chop; mix with water cook to convert starches to sugars ferment into alcohol distill to separate alcohol from the rest 20
21 Does Ethanol as a Fuel Make Sense? We put more energy into agriculture than we get out (in terms of Caloric content) by about a factor of two at least in our modern, petrol-based mechano-farming sure, we can do better by improving efficiencies Estimates on energy return controversial: some say you get out 0.7 times the energy out that you put in (a net loss); others claim it s 1.4 times; often see numbers like means a net gain, but 83% of your total budget goes into production; only 17% of crop is exported as energy 21
22 Ethanol, continued Right now, using tons of fossil fuels to get ethanol and not clear we re operating at a net gain Why on earth are we trying? corn has worked its way into much of our foods high fructose corn syrup cow feed corn oil for cooking powerful presence in the halls of Congress the corn lobby is partially responsible for pervasiveness of corn in our diet (soft drinks) 22
23 iclicker Question Fructose is bad for your health. A True B False Sucrose is better for you than fructose. A True B False 23
24 Food For Thought Differences between glucose, fructose, and sucrose And then there is ethanol 24
25 Ethanol Issues, continued Energy is a high-payoff business, especially when the government helps out with subsidies thus the attraction for corn ethanol (which does get subsidies) Can supplant actual food production, driving up price of food there have been tortilla shortages in Mexico because corn ethanol is squeezing the market after all, we only have a finite agricultural capacity both land, and water are limited, especially water Ethanol from sugar cane can be 8:1 favorable Brazil doing very well this way: but corn is the wrong answer! but lookout rain forests: can actually increase CO 2 by removing CO 2 -absorbing jungle 25
26 iclicker Question The basic chemical formula for both glucose and fructose is C 6 H A True B False 26
27 iclicker Question Sucrose is a complex sugar made of glucose and fructose. A True B False 27
28 Quantitative Ethanol Let s calculate how much land we need to replace oil an Iowa cornfield is 1.5% efficient at turning incident sunlight into stored chemical energy the conversion to ethanol is 17% efficient assuming 1.2:1 ratio, and using corn ethanol to power farm equipment and ethanol production itself growing season is only part of year (say 50%) net is 0.13% efficient (1.5% 17% 50%) need 40% of J per year = J/yr to replace petroleum this is W: thus need W input (at 0.13%) at 200 W/m 2 insolation, need m 2, or (2,200 km) 2 of land that s a square 2,200 km on a side 28
29 What does this amount of land look like? We don t have this much arable land! And where do we grow our food? 29
30 Take Home Points Hopefully this illustrates the power of quantitative analysis lots of ideas are floated/touted, but many don t pass the quantitative test a plan has to do a heck of a lot more than sound good!!! by being quantitative in this course, I am hoping to instill some of this discriminatory capability in you 30
31 Other Renewable Resources Consult text and other books for more on the other renewable resources Note that there are few likely major players Restricted by location and development costs When considering most abundant renewable resources consider the approximate value of QBtu available annually compare to our consumption of 100 QBtu per year 31
32 Renewable Resources Review Solar (photovoltaic, solar thermal) get 100 QBtu/yr with < 2% coverage of U.S. land area Wind maybe 180 QBtu/yr worldwide, maybe 25 QBtu in U.S. Biomass if we divert 10% of the 40 TW global budget into energy, would net 4 TW, or 120 QBtu worldwide; maybe 7 QBtu in U.S., given about 6% of land area Hydroelectric 70 QBtu/yr feasible worldwide: twice current development 5 QBtu/yr max potential in U.S. 32
33 Geothermal Energy Geothermal: run heat engines off earth s internal heat could be as much as 1.5 QBtu/yr worldwide in 50 years limited to a few rare sites Binary-cycle Binary-cycle power plants use moderatetemperature water (225 ºF 360 ºF, or 107 ºC 182 ºC) from the geothermal reservoir. In binary systems, hot geothermal fluids are passed through one side of a heat exchanger to heat a working fluid in a separate adjacent pipe. The working fluid, usually an organic compound with a low boiling point such as iso-butane or isopentane, is vaporized and passed through a turbine to generate electricity. 33
34 Geothermal Energy Dry steam Use very hot (>455 F, or >235 C) steam and little water from the geothermal reservoir. Steam goes directly through a pipe to a turbine to spin a generator that produces electricity. This type of geothermal power plant is the oldest, first being used at Lardarello, Italy, in Flash steam Flash steam power plants use hot water (>360 ºF, or >182 ºC) from the geothermal reservoir. When the water is pumped to the generator, it is released from the pressure of the deep reservoir. The sudden drop in pressure causes some of the water to vaporize to steam, which spins a turbine to generate electricity. Both dry steam and flash steam power plants emit small amounts of carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and sulfur Generally 50 times less than traditional fossil-fuel power plants. Hot water not flashed into steam is returned to the geothermal reservoir through injection wells. 34
35 Tidal Energy Tidal: oscillating hydroelectric dams a few rare sites are conducive to this (Bay of Fundy, for example) can only generate when the tide is flowing in or out only for about 10 hours each day up to 1 QBtu/yr practical worldwide Tidal Energy System in France 35
36 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) use thermal gradient to drive heat engine complex, at sea, small power outputs 36
37 iclicker Question Are there any other alternative renewable energy resources? A Yes B No Don t forget that there is more to energy than meets the Earth 37
Renewable Energy Today
Chapter 18 Renewable Energy Today Renewable Energy energy from a source that is constantly being reformed. Many governments are planning to increase their use of renewable energy resources. This will reduce
More informationOverview of renewable energy
Overview of renewable energy Outline What is renewable energy? Renewable energy sources Renewable energy technologies: - Characteristics - Uses What is renewable energy? Energy that doesn t run out! Energy
More informationChapter 18 Renewable Energy
Chapter 18 Renewable Energy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Habitat loss, soil erosion, and air pollution are disadvantages of which renewable energy source? a. solar c. biomass fuel b. wind d. moving water C DIF:
More informationExplain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy.
Section 3 Conservation of Energy Objectives Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy. Give examples of how thermal energy is always a result of
More informationWORK Potential Kinetic
Energy What is energy? - Ability to do WORK - The transfer of energy is work, power is the rate at which energy is transferred. - There are many forms of energy (chemical, mechanical, nuclear, thermal,
More informationGENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT ???? Law of Conservation of Energy. Three Major Components THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Q1 GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT Unit Essential Question: How are Earth s energy resources used to generate electricity What are the advantages and disadvantages
More informationCh. 9 RTB - Energy Sources & Conversions
Ch. 9 RTB - Energy Sources & Conversions A. Types of Energy Sources 1. There are many different types of sources for energy 2. Energy comes from plants & Animals when living & Digested by another life
More informationRenewable Energy Alternatives
Renewable Energy Alternatives Reasons for Alternative Energy Fossil fuels won t last forever Renewable unlikely to run out Decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Less dependent on other nations
More informationNatural Resources. Mr. Dvorin Muir Middle School
Natural Resources Mr. Dvorin Muir Middle School NONRENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES HMMMM... What do you think nonrenewable resources are? Break it down... Nonrenewable? Resource? NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES
More informationSAMPLE PAGE. Sustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson
Page 38 Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption originated
More informationFebruary 19, Chapter 17: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Chapter 17: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy conservation - reducing or eliminating unnecessary waste of energy Energy efficiency - one way to conserve by using less to accomplish same task
More informationEnergy and the Environment. CHEN HONG Phone:
Energy and the Environment CHEN HONG E-mail: chong@fudan.edu.cn Phone: 021-65642526 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Oceans Vast natural reservoir: Receiving and Storing Solar Energy The oceans take in
More informationEPSc 116: Resources of the Earth. Lecture 15 on Ch. 6: Renewable Energy. Focal Points
EPSc 116: Resources of the Earth Lecture 15 on Ch. 6: Renewable Energy Focal Points What are the sources of renewable energy? How do we extract the energy from them and convert it to our use? What are
More informationPh 313, Fall 2018: Study guide for the final exam.
Major types of fossil fuels; their global distribution, and for how long the resources are expected to last. Major types of heat engines: piston steam, steam turbine, gas turbine, gasoline engine, Diesel
More informationPeriod 24 Solutions: Energy and Water
Period 24 Solutions: Energy and Water 24.1 The Earth s Water Cycle 1) Components of the Earth s water cycle a) What can happen to some of the water in lakes, rivers, oceans, and in the soil as the Sun
More informationChapter 16 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Case Study: Using Wind Power in New Ways for an Old Application Use of traditional wind power to propel cargo vessels had been pretty much abandoned due to expense and difficulty maintaining equipment
More informationRenewable Energy. Visible light. Cool air. Warm air. Condensation. Precipitation. Evaporation
Renewable Energy All renewable energy sources derive from the Sun. The Sun provides the energy that drives our weather systems and water cycle. It is the prime source of all energy on Earth and it is essential
More informationSUBJECT: Integrated Science TEACHER: Mr. S. Campbell DATE: GRADE: 7 DURATION: 2 wks GENERAL TOPIC: The Sun As The Main Source Of Energy / Fuels and
SUBJECT: Integrated Science TEACHER: Mr. S. Campbell DATE: GRADE: 7 DURATION: 2 wks GENERAL TOPIC: The Sun As The Main Source Of Energy / Fuels and their uses in the home. The Sun As The Main Source Of
More informationNatural Resources. Renewable Energy Resources. Renewable Energy Resources
Natural Resources Renewable Energy Resources What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement
More informationA is any natural material that is used by humans.
Chapter 5 Notes Energy Resources Section 1 Natural Resources Describe how humans use natural resources. Compare renewable resources with nonrenewable resources. Explain three ways that humans can conserve
More informationEnvironmental Science Sixth Edition
Environmental Science Sixth Edition Daniel B. Botkin Edward A. Keller 978--47-499-7 CHAPTER 19 Alternative Energy and the Environment Introduction Fossil Fuels supply about 9% of energy All others are
More informationRenewable Energy Sources. Lesson Plan: NRES F1-2
Renewable Energy Sources Lesson Plan: NRES F1-2 1 Anticipated Problems 1. What are renewable energy sources? 2. What are advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources? 2 Terms biomass biopower
More informationChapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation
Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation Overview of Chapter 13 Direct Solar Energy Indirect Solar Energy Wind Biomass Hydropower Geothermal Tidal High and Low Technology Energy Solution Direct Solar
More informationEnergy and Global Issues
Energy and Global Issues Chemical reactions Reactions that release heat are exothermic Reactions that absorb heat from surroundings are endothermic The energy involved in chemical reactions is measured
More informationChapter 14: Sources of Energy
Chapter 14: Sources of Energy Question 1 What is a good source of energy? A good source of energy would be one, 1. Which would do a large amount of work per unit volume or per unit mass 2. Which would
More informationAlternative Energy Resources. Environmental Earth Science Rev 2018, Spds 2011
Alternative Energy Resources Environmental Earth Science Rev 2018, Spds 2011 Energy Sources Sun is the ultimate source of most energy on Earth. The Sun s energy is transferred from photosynthetic organisms
More informationEnergy and Energy Resources
Energy and Energy Resources Energy Defined as the ability to do work or the ability to cause change. Two types of energy: Kinetic energy- energy of motion; anything that moves has kinetic energy, cars,
More informationCh 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability
Ch 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Module 38 Biomass and Water Module 39 Solar, Wind, Geothermal, and Hydrogen 4/16/18 Variation in Solar Radiation Potential Active Solar Energy captured from sunlight
More informationIntroduction to Bioenergy
1 Introduction to Bioenergy 1. Global Warming and Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle Carbon cycle Carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere,
More informationChapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation
Chapter 13 Renewable Energy and Conservation Overview of Chapter 13 Direct Solar Energy Indirect Solar Energy Wind Biomass Hydropower Geothermal Tidal High and Low Technology Energy Solutions Direct Solar
More informationName Class Date. The statements below are false. For each statement, replace the underlined term to make a true statement.
Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS The statements below are false. For each statement, replace the underlined term to make a true statement. 1. A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds
More informationActivity 3 Information sheet
Activity 3 Information sheet Type of energy Solar Where is it from Energy from sunlight is caught in solar panels and turned into electricity. Advantages The sun will always be there during our lifetime.
More informationUnit 2: Electricity and Energy Resources
9 9 Table of Contents Unit 2: Electricity and Energy Resources Chapter 9: Energy Sources 9.1: Fossil Fuels 9.2: Nuclear Energy 9.3: Renewable Energy Sources Fossil Fuels 9.1 Using Energy You can see energy
More informationChapter 4.2: Energy Sources. Energy
Chapter 4.2: Energy Sources Energy SOURCES OF ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Infinite supply NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Limited supply Part 1 Fossil Fuels NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FOSSIL FUELS Coal,
More information4/30/12. Chapter: Energy Sources
Table of Contents Chapter: Energy Sources Section: Section : Section : Using Energy You can see energy being used in many ways, throughout the day. Furnaces and stoves use thermal energy to heat buildings
More informationWhere will our energy come from? Ch. 16. All from the Sun
Where will our energy come from? Ch. 16 All from the Sun A problem: Dependence on imported oil Cost to the economy: 350 billion dollars per year (2011 prices) Transferred to foreign (hostile) oil producers,
More informationU. S. Energy sources over time
Energy Resources Includes food energy and sources of energy used to sustain the activities and structures of modern society Fossil fuels Alternative energy sources Hydroelectic Nuclear New renewables Earth
More informationDay 5: Energy (Greener)
Introduction Day 5: Energy (Greener) Before stating three alternative sources of energy and give their advantages and disadvantages, I believe I should say what is an alternative source of energy for me
More informationChapter: Energy and Energy Resources
Table of Contents Chapter: Energy and Energy Resources Section 1: What is energy? Section 2: Energy Transformations Section 3: Sources of Energy 1 What is energy? The Nature of Energy When an object has
More informationSection 2: Alternative Energy and Conservation
Section 2: Alternative Energy and Conservation Preview Bellringer Objectives Alternative Energy Tidal Power Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation Hydrogen A Future Fuel Source? The Challenge of Hydrogen Fuel
More informationSources of Energy acid rain Conventional non-conventional sources of energy Renewable non-renewable sources of energy Renewable sources
GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY 1. a good source of energy would be one large amount of work per unit volume or mass, easily accessible, (iii) easy to store and transport, and (iv) economical. 2. We can classify
More informationA Sustainable Energy Future?
Slide - 1 We should start by asking what we mean by sustainable energy? We need energy sources that won t run out. We need energy sources that won t degrade our planetary environment. Slide - 2 We need
More informationElectric Power Systems An Overview
Electric Power Systems An Overview Y. Baghzouz Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas Overview Power Generation Conventional and renewable power generation Power transmission
More informationWould / Does tidal power work? How does it work? In what ways is tidal power an improvement on wind and solar power?
APES Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Intro: Energy from the Moon? Would / Does tidal power work? How does it work? In what ways is tidal power an improvement on wind and solar power? What are
More informationBiomass. Coal. 10 Intermediate Energy Infobook Activities. Description of biomass: Renewable or nonrenewable: Description of photosynthesis:
Biomass Description of biomass: Description of photosynthesis: Ways we turn biomass into energy we can use: Who uses biomass and for what purposes: Effect of using biomass on the environment: Important
More informationSolar panels The Fizzics Organisation
Most solar panels installed on houses in the last few years convert the energy of sunlight directly into electrical energy. These are photovoltaic cells. Solar panels 3 This electricity can be used around
More informationLesson Plan Time Requirements: Objectives: Materials: Methods: Lesson Information: Clean, Green Power (Target: Grades 1-4)
Lesson Plan 050106 Clean, Green Power (Target: Grades 1-4) Time Requirements: 1. 30-minutes during science or reading time Objectives: 1. Create awareness for alternative energies 2. Create awareness for
More informationKS4 Physics. Renewable Energy. 1 of 44. Boardworks Ltd 2005
1 of 44 KS4 Physics Renewable Energy 2 of 44 Contents Renewable Energy Solar power Wind power Water power Thermal power Summary activities 3 of 44 Solar cells Solar cells (or photocells) turn light energy
More informationGraspIT AQA Energy Questions
A. Energy changes and energy stores part 1 Energy systems and energy changes 1. Describe the energy store changes when a rocket firework is lit, goes up in the air and then falls back to the ground. (4)
More informationIntroduction to Energy
Introduction to Energy Get Energized! What are two types of energy? Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy takes many different forms and causes many different effects. There are two general types
More informationALTERNATIVE ENERGY. Beyond Petroleum and Coal
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Beyond Petroleum and Coal http://geothermal.marin.org/geopresentation/sld121.htm Alternative Energy Sources Solar Biomass Rivers, winds and tides Geothermal Other fossil fuels Advancing
More informationFour Solar Systems Passive heating Active heating Photovoltaic Water heating
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Beyond Petroleum and Coal http://geothermal.marin.org/geopresentation/sld121.htm Alternative Energy Sources Solar Biomass Rivers, winds and tides Other fossil fuels Advancing Technologies
More informationLarge gas reserves are found in: The Arctic Islands Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta Eastern Canada offshore basin Western Canada
1 12. Natural Gas It is formed from the remains of plankton that fell to the bottom of the sea, which were changed into gases over millions of years Since natural gas is lighter than both oil and water
More informationENERGY To be or not to be sustainable?
ENERGY To be or not to be sustainable? AESc 210: Globalization Spring 2018 OUR AGENDA Physical concepts of energy Renewable and non-renewable energy types Issues with non-renewables Issues with renewables
More informationGraspIT AQA Energy Questions
A. Energy changes and energy stores part 1 Energy systems and energy changes 1. Describe the energy store changes when a rocket firework is lit, goes up in the air and then falls back to the ground. (4)
More informationAPPA 2017 Fuels 1. Energy Fuel Types Fuel consumption What fuels are we using? What are we using it for?
Barry Mielke, PE South Dakota State University Energy Fuel Types Fuel consumption What fuels are we using? What are we using it for? APPA 2017 Fuels 1 As defined by your science teacher, Energy is the
More informationSection 1. Electricity and Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Chapter 7 Earth s Natural Resources Section 1 Electricity and Your Community What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Compare energy resources used to generate electricity in the United
More informationChapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability. Monday, February 26, 18
Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Module 37 Conservation, Efficiency, and Renewable Energy After reading this module you should be able to describe strategies to conserve energy and increase energy
More information85% of energy is generated using fossil fuels. Nuclear, biomass and hydroelectric make up most of the rest.
EART 265 Lecture Notes: Energy 1. Energy Production 85% of energy is generated using fossil fuels. Nuclear, biomass and hydroelectric make up most of the rest. Fossil fuels Fossil fuel energy is derived
More informationRenewable Energies and Low-Carbon Society: Application of CGE Model to Toyohashi City in Japan
Renewable Energies and Low-Carbon Society: Application of CGE Model to Toyohashi City in Japan Yuzuru Miyata Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology and Shuai
More informationRefresh. What is non-renewable energy? What are some examples? What are some good things about renewable energy?
Refresh What is non-renewable energy? What are some examples? What are some good things about renewable energy? What are some bad things about renewable energy? Renewable Energy Sources https://sites.google.com/site/sciencesvn3e/home/chapter-4-using-energy-in-our-lives
More informationAlternative Energy. 1. Solar 2. Biofuels (biomass) 3. Nuclear. 4. Fuel Cells 5. Wind 6. Hydroelectric 7. Geothermal 8. Tidal (wave power)
Alternative Energy 1. Solar 2. Biofuels (biomass) 3. Nuclear a. Fusion b. Fission 4. Fuel Cells 5. Wind 6. Hydroelectric 7. Geothermal 8. Tidal (wave power) Solar Energy Solar energy uses energy from the
More informationUNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO
UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO 1. WHAT IS ENERGY? Definition: Energy is a physical quantity which produces a change or an effect Unit: International System Joule (J) Other Calorie (cal) 1cal =4,19J
More informationSection 1: Renewable Energy Today
Section 1: Renewable Energy Today Preview Bellringer Objectives Renewable Energy Solar Energy-Power from the Sun Passive Solar Heating Active Solar Heating Photovoltaic Cells Section 1: Renewable Energy
More informationALTERNATIVE ENERGY. Four Solar Systems. Solar. Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming. Alternative Energy Sources. Beyond Petroleum and Coal
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Beyond Petroleum and Coal Reading: STM Ch. 11, p. 249-257 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming February 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/spm2feb07.pdf Present
More informationMagma On the other hand, molten rock is under active volcanoes at accessible depths. The temperatures excess 650 o C.
Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is energy from the earth. It lies deep within the Earth. The respective available annual energy globally is 996,000 PJ/year (PJ=petajoule=10 15 J). Currently, especially
More informationPlanetary Energy Balance
Planetary Energy Balance Overview of Planetary Energy Balance Energy coming into the Earth s atmosphere from the sun is always in balance with the energy leaving Earth s atmosphere going back out into
More informationIn the U.S., fossil fuel combustion provides 70% of electricity 85% of total energy. Fossil fuels produce large amounts of CO 2
In the U.S., fossil fuel combustion provides 70% of electricity 85% of total energy Fossil fuels produce large amounts of CO 2 The supply of fossil fuels is finite, and may be running out (estimates vary)
More informationHow to Re-Use and Create Renewable Energy for Creating a More Environmentally Friendly and Ecologically Sustainable City
26 How to Re-Use and Create Renewable Energy for Creating a More Environmentally Friendly and Ecologically Sustainable City Dr. Sabina Akhtar Assistant Professor American University in the emirates (AUE)
More informationUNIT IV. 7. How can the generation of power be achieved in a single basin arrangement?
UNIT IV 1. What is principle of OTEC? The ocean water gets heated up naturally due to solar radiation. The temperature of water surface is higher than that of deep water. Significant amount of heat can
More informationFour Solar Systems Passive heating Active heating Photovoltaic Water heating
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Beyond Petroleum and Coal http://geothermal.marin.org/geopresentation/sld121.htm Alternative Energy Sources Solar Biomass Rivers, winds and tides Other fossil fuels Advancing Technologies
More informationENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Advanced Placement ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Renewable Energy STUDENT 2014 Renewable Energy The worldwide demand for energy has soared. Human population is increasing exponentially with the emergence of large
More informationCHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY
CHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY PREPARED BY NIKHIL V JONES 1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. ii) It should be easily available.
More informationENERGY. Energy. Power is energy over time. Power. Mechanical Energy. Types of Energy. Ability to do work Unit: Joule (J) J = (kg x m 2 )/s 2
Energy ENERGY Ability to do work Unit: Joule (J) J = (kg x m 2 )/s 2 Reading: Supplemental Text Materials Chapter 11: pages 225-238 Power Power is energy over time Energy over time Watts (W) 1 W = 1J/s
More informationENERGY. Reading: Supplemental Text Materials Chapter 11: pages
ENERGY Reading: Supplemental Text Materials Chapter 11: pages 225-238 Energy Ability to do work Unit: Joule (J) J = (kg x m 2 )/s 2 Power Energy over time Watts (W) 1 W = 1J/s Power is energy over time
More informationENERGY 1: RESOURCES. Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon
ENERGY 1: RESOURCES Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon Types of Energy Energy: the ability to do work (joules) (amt. of E to lift an apple 1m) Energy comes in many forms. FORMS of ENERGY: Thermal energy: energy from
More informationCard #1/24. Describe how thermal energy is passed on in terms of ions Using these ideas explain how a convection current occurs
Card #1/24 Card #2/24 Topic: Conduction Topic: Convection In what state of matter does conduction occur? In what states of matter does convection occur? Explain why it needs to be in this state? Define
More informationGenerating Electricity
Worksheet 3 Generating Electricity In most power stations, electricity is generated by burning fuels. Coal, oil and natural gas are the common fuels for generating electricity. Major parts of a power station
More informationENERGY FORMS & CONVERSION
1 ENERGY FORMS & CONVERSION 1.1 Energy sources and forms 1.2 Energy conversion 1.3 Energy storage and conservation Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: Knowledge, Understanding and Application
More informationChapter 9 Forms of Energy
Chapter 9 Forms of Energy 9.1 What is energy? Energy is the ability to make things move. It is all around us but sometimes we don t recognize it. In order to properly describe energy, we classify it according
More informationPetroleum Energy Source Expo
Petroleum How was petroleum formed? Where do we find it? Is petroleum renewable or nonrenewable? How do we get petroleum? How do we move it? How do we use petroleum? How does using petroleum affect the
More informationName Class Date. What is an energy resource? How do we use nonrenewable energy resources? What are renewable energy resources?
CHAPTER 5 4 Energy Resources SECTION Energy and Energy Resources BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is an energy resource? How do we use nonrenewable
More informationINTRODUCTION Energy in a complete sense, is hard to define. however to start with, the word energy may be understood as the capability to do work.
INTRODUCTION in a complete sense, is hard to define. however to start with, the word energy may be understood as the capability to do work. FORMS OF ENERGY Various forms of energy is shown in Fig 1.1.
More informationENVI.5720 Energy and Environment
ENVI.5720 Energy and Environment British thermal unit (Btu) = amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water at maximum density through one degree Fahrenheit. 1Btu = 1.055 10 3 joules tonne of oil
More information4th Grade. Energy and Natural Resources.
1 4th Grade Energy and Natural Resources 2015 11 18 www.njctl.org 2 Energy and Natural Resources Human Energy Use Click on the topic to go to that section Renewable Energy Non Renewable Energy Environmental
More informationOCEAN POWER. No pollution. Offshore Wind: Noise, Aesthetics, Birds, Radar, Ship Collisions
OCEAN POWER Advantages Renewable No pollution Disdvantages Expensive Offshore Wind: Noise, Aesthetics, Birds, Radar, Ship Collisions Future: Rapid development of offshore wind farms Increased use of other
More information08 Energy, Power and climate change review answers
08 Energy, Power and climate change review answers Power generation 1. Copy and complete: Thermal energy may be completely converted into work in a single process such as the adiabatic expansion of a gas
More informationNormal equatorial flow. Climate Variability. El Niño-Southern Oscillation Human-caused climate change Alternative Energy sources
Normal equatorial flow Climate Variability El Niño-Southern Oscillation Human-caused climate change Alternative Energy sources Vertical normal flow ENSO disruption of flow Vertical ENSO flow Normal vs.
More informationChapter 13. Achieving Energy Sustainability
Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Energy from the Moon Tidal energy Moon power Capture energy in moving water Clean source of energy Efficient source of energy Roosevelt Island First commercial
More informationGraham School. Name: P3 Questions. Class: Date: 58 minutes. Time: 58 marks. Marks: Comments: Page 1
P3 Questions Name: Class: Date: Time: 58 minutes Marks: 58 marks Comments: Page Q. Wind and tides are renewable energy sources that are used to generate electricity. (a) Complete each sentence by putting
More informationBiomass and Biofuels
Biomass and Biofuels PHYS 4400, Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy Instructor: Randy J. Ellingson The University of Toledo February 11, 2014 What is bioenergy? Photosynthesis: the primary energy
More informationTopic 6 National Chemistry Summary Notes. Fuels. Fuels and Combustion
Topic 6 National Chemistry Summary Notes Fuels LI 1 Fuels and Combustion Coal, oil, gas and wood can all be used as fuels. These fuels have energy-rich chemical bonds which were created using the energy
More informationExploring Energy Science Texts for Close Reading
Science Texts for Close Reading Solar Energy Solar energy is a way to harness sunlight for heating or electricity. There are different ways to convert sunlight into usable energy. Concentrated solar power
More informationWhat are the 3 ways in which energy can travel? Explain what. conduction is. Does conduction happen best in solids, liquids or gases?
What are the 3 ways in which energy can travel? Explain what conduction is What type of materials are good conductors and what type of materials are bad conductors (good insulators)? Does conduction happen
More informationREET Energy Conversion. 0 Introduction. Energy. the ability or capacity to do work
REET 3020 Energy Conversion 0 Introduction Energy can be defined as: Energy the ability or capacity to do work or the property of a system that diminishes when the system does work on any other system,
More informationSources of Electricity
Sources of Electricity S C I E N C E L I N K S 9 U N I T 4 T O P I C 4. 1 B R A I N P O P S : E N E R G Y S O U R C E S N U C L E A R E N E R G Y W I N D E N E R G Y S O L A R E N E R G Y F O S S I L F
More informationElectric Power Systems An Overview. Y. Baghzouz Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Electric Power Systems An Overview Y. Baghzouz Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas Overview Power Generation Conventional and renewable power generation Power transmission
More informationEnergy Vocabulary. Word Definition Memory Aid the ability to cause an object to 1. energy move, change, or work
the ability to cause an object to 1. move, change, or work 2. trade-off something that you do not want, but have to accept in order to have something that you want (disadvantage) 3. variable a changing
More informationIntroduction to Energy. Energy
Introduction to Energy Dossin Energy- What is It? Alternative Vs. Renewable Energy Energy- Two Main Forms Conservation of Energy Energy Efficiency Measuring Energy Using Energy RESOURCES Information copied
More information