Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector. Carlos Clemente Cerri
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1 Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector Carlos Clemente Cerri
2 PRESENTATION PLAN Initial Considerations Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector Meat production Biofuel production Final considerations: carbon footprint
3 PRESENTATION PLAN Initial Considerations Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector Meat production Biofuel production Final considerations: carbon footprint
4 Emission Sources Fossil fuel burning Land use change and agriculture Fossil fuel burning Global GHG Brazil CO CH 4 N 2 O Global Ranking GHG in Brazil Only fossil fuel burning 17 Fossil fuel burning + 4 Land use change and agriculture
5 Relative Distribution (%) of CO 2 -eq emissions Deforestation Enteric fermentation Management of animal manure Extensive animal production Manure SOM decomposition (mineral soils) SOM decomposition (organic soils) Liming Rice production Burning of agriculture residues Sintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation Residues from harvesting Volatilization and subsequente N decomposition in the atmosphere Lixiviation and N runoff
6 Relative Distribution (%) of CO 2 -eq emissions Deforestation Enteric fermentation Management of animal manure Extensive animal production Manure SOM decomposition (mineral soils) SOM decomposition (organic soils) Liming Rice production Burning of agriculture residues Sintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation Residues from harvesting Volatilization and subsequente N decomposition in the atmosphere Lixiviation and N runoff
7 PRESENTATION PLAN Initial Considerations Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector Meat production Biofuel production Final considerations: carbon footprint
8 Expansion estimates in area (10 6 ha) for the next 10 years Soybean Mayze Others Sugarcane Oil crops 4,1 2,6 ~ 20 Mha Reforestation 4,1 How to associate agribusiness expansion and sustainability? MAPA,
9 Agricultural expansion X Pasture 172 million ha Pasture million X20 ha Pasture 152 million ha Expansion 20 million ha MAPA, 2007 Agriculture 78 million ha Native vegetation
10 Pasture Expansion Pasture 152 million ha Pasture 20 million ha 48 million ha Expansion for beef Xproduction X MAPA, 2007 Expansion 20 million ha Agriculture 78 million ha Native vegetation
11 PRESENTATION PLAN Initial Considerations Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector Meat production Biofuel production Final considerations: carbon footprint
12 CO 2 eq PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Emissions during planting and management PROCESSING Emission in the industry Emissions during transportation
13 CO 2 eq PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Emissions during planting and management PROCESSING Emission in the industry Emissions during transportation
14 Genetic improvement Rehabilitation of degraded pastures PHOTOSYNTESYS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Emissions during planting and management Crop-livestock integration Confinement
15 N 2 O CH 4 N 2 O CH 4 CO 2 Manure Extensive Confined / Semi-confined
16 N 2 O CH 4 Energy + CO 2 Biodigestor CO 2 Manure Extensive Confined / Semi-confined
17 PRESENTATION PLAN Initial Considerations Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector Meat production Biofuel production Final considerations: carbon footprint
18 CO 2 eq CH 4 CO 2 N 2 O CO 2 CH 4 CO 2 CH 4 CO 2 PHOTOSYNTESIS N 2 O CH 4 FERTI-IRRIGATION VINASSE Fonte de energia PLANTING MANAGEMENT HARVESTING N 2 O CO 2 CH 4 CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O BAGASSE SOLID RESIDUES MILL ENERGY TORTA DE FILTRO COMPOSTADA TRANSPORTATION
19 PLANTING Conventional Minimum cultivation MANAGEMENT Fertilizer Liming Plant protection Residue HARVESTING Burning (manual cut) No-burning (machinery)
20 Biodiesel Production and the Carbon Cycle Human Respiration Combustion CO 2 Photosynthesis Residues Dead roots Increase in SOM = increase in soil C stocks
21 AGRIBUSINESS GREENHOUSE GASES C R O P S Biomass ENERGY Biodiesel Etanol Biocombustível TEP OFFSET Crop residues C Decomposition Soil carbon sequestration Significant role FIXATION
22 PRESENTATION PLAN Initial Considerations Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector Meat production Biofuel production Final considerations: carbon footprint
23 WATER FOOTPRINT
24 CARBON FOOTPRINT?? kg de CO 2 1 kg de trigo?? kg de CO 2 1 xícara de café?? kg de CO 2 1 kg de arroz?? kg de CO 2 1 kg de miho?? kg de CO 2 1 kg de carne?? kg de CO 2 1 L de leite
25 PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION GREENHOUSE GAS BALANCE PROCESSING DISTRIBUTION
26 CARBON FOOTPRINT
27 Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector Carlos Clemente Cerri
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