Appendix D Example M&V Plans

Transcription

1 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Appendix D Example M&V Plans 1

2 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Example M&V Plans Several example M&V Plans are included in this Appendix for further guidance. 1. M&V Plan Template 2. VSD Installation M&V Plan 3. Constant Speed Chiller Replacement M&V Plan 4. Variable Speed Chiller Replacement M&V Plan 5. Calibrated Simulation M&V Plan 2

3 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Measurement & Verification Plan Template This template may be used by Project Sponsors for submitting a measure specific M&V plan. Each item should be addressed. If an item does not apply, briefly state the reason why. Use additional sheets as necessary. See the LNSPC Program Procedures Manual for more information on the requirements of an M&V plan. 1. Project Description: State the M&V method and chapter from the Procedures Manual which will be followed. Describe the energy efficiency measure and how it will save energy. Include a description of any variables which affect energy consumption, such as outside temperature, time of day, etc. 2. Assumptions: State all substantive assumptions for the before and after retrofit energy consumption for the Project (the fan s load varies with temperature, the estimated annual hours of operation are 4,000, etc.). 3. M&V Activities: Describe all activities for measuring and verifying the energy consumption both before and after installation. This will include equipment surveys, baseline and post-installation metering. State how the baseline energy values will be adjusted by using post-installation parameters. 4. Calculations and Adjustments: State how the energy savings for the Project will be calculated, including any calculations for the baseline and post installation energy consumption. Show any adjustments to meet the minimum efficiency standards and all relevant equations. 3

4 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual 5. Metering Plan: Describe all metering activities including any sampling that will be employed to reduce the number of metering devices, the type of metering that will be employed (power, flow, etc.), the equipment that will be used, how the equipment will be calibrated, the specific equipment which will be metered and the length of time metering will be conducted. 6. Accuracy and Quality Assurance: Describe any accuracy requirements that will be met (such as sampling will achieve a confidence and precision of 90/20) and all activities to assure that metered data is accurate over the term of the Agreement. 7. Reports to be Prepared: Describe any reports that will be prepared and the format of all data that will be submitted to show energy savings on this Project. 8. Schedule: State the schedule for performing all metering, analysis and reporting on this Project. Show expected dates for submitting PIR and ASR. 9. Project Budget: Provide an estimated budget to perform the M&V activities on this Project. Include the cost of all metering equipment. Do not include normal Project costs outside of measuring and verifying the energy savings. 4

5 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Example Measurement and Verification Plan for a VSD Installation Project Method VSD-B-02, Performance Curves January 1, 2000 Prepared for California s 2000 Large Non-Residential Standard Performance Contract Program Prepared by: Schiller Associates 1333 Broadway, Suite 1015 Oakland, CA (510) This document is provided for informational purposes only. Any mention of a product within this document has been made for demonstration purposes only and does not represent an endorsement or warranty in any way by the Utility Administrator or Schiller Associates of a manufacturer s product. 5

6 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Measure-Specific Measurement & Verification Plan for a VSD Project Employing Method VSD-B-02, System Performance Curves A. Brief Overview This document is an example plan for measuring and verifying the energy savings associated with the installation of variable speed drives (VSDs) on air handlers using system performance curves to estimate energy savings. The plan is based on Method VSD-B-02 found in Chapter 14 of the 2000 Large Non-Residential Standard Performance Contract (LNSPC) Program Procedures Manual. Every effort has been made to present the key issues which should be covered in an M&V plan, in a complete yet concise manner. Readers should refer to the LNSPC Program Procedures Manual for more information on the activities, accuracy requirements and procedures referenced herein. The remainder of this example plan is organized into the following sections: Section B Provides a Project description and defines key variables that effect energy savings. Section C Defines key assumptions Section D Indicates M&V activities and the parties responsible for conducting the M&V Section E Defines the savings calculations and any baseline adjustments Section F Specifies the monitoring activities, equipment, calibration, locations and metering period Section G Defines the level of accuracy to be achieved Section H Indicates how quality assurance will be maintained Section I Indicates the reports to be prepared Section J Shows the schedule of M&V activities Section K Estimates the budget for the M&V activities 6

7 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans B. Project Summary An office building located in San Luis Obispo, California, will retrofit 14 supply and return HVAC fans that currently have inlet guide vanes with variable speed drives. Both the inlet guide vanes and the variable speed drive are used to control the airflow. The building typically operates seven days per week with reduced occupancy during evenings and weekend hours. In addition to offices, there are various labs, research areas, storage areas, lounge areas and a health center that operate on different schedules. Building staff indicate that no changes in occupancy, occupancy hours or use are anticipated during the two year term of the LNSPC Program. This is not a VAV conversion. The building s HVAC system currently operates as a variable air volume system, and no chiller plant or boiler plant savings are expected from this retrofit. The VSDs will be controlled to maintain supply duct static pressure as the VAV boxes modulate. Project activities consist of removing inlet vane dampers, linkages and actuators and installing VSDs, relays and power monitoring/transmission equipment. No changes will be made to the building s HVAC system zone VAV boxes or controls. Table 1 presents a summary of the building and the estimated size of the VSD retrofit project. Square Footage of Building Table 1: VSD Project Summary Annual Building Energy Consumption Projected Annual kwh Savings Percent of Total Use 225,000 15,600, ,000 5% Only variable load fan systems (those with inlet vanes ) will be retrofitted with VSDs. The existing fan motors will be replaced with high efficiency motors that are compatible with VSDs. The existing motors do not meet the State of California s Title-20 minimum efficiency requirements. Energy savings will be adjusted to take into account the minimum efficiency standards. C. Assumptions This M&V plan was written with the following assumptions: 7

8 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual 1. The office building plans no major building projects, such as building additions, or changes which would significantly alter the current building occupancy rate or schedule. 2. The ventilation operating schedule will not change because of this Project. 3. System performance curves relating a fan s energy consumption and air flow rate from ASHRAE Standard 90.1 are applicable for the fans being retrofitted. 4. The EMS will call for the same percent air flow from the fans both pre and post retrofit to maintain the static pressure set points regardless of inlet vanes or VSDs controlling the air flow rate. 5. For the purposes of estimating energy savings, the fans were assumed to operate a total of 8,760 hours. The actual energy savings will be verified with metering, and will not be dependent on the assumed number of hours of operation. D. M&V Activities The Project Sponsor has identified all fans as backward inclined with inlet vanes controlling the air flow rate. Nameplate data from all the existing motors is included in the PA submittal. The existing motors are TEFC and rated at 1760 RPM. The motors efficiencies do not meet the State of California s Title-20 minimum efficiency requirements. Therefore, the baseline energy consumption will be adjusted to account for the minimum standards. The Project Sponsor will continuously monitor a sample of motors kw at 15 minute intervals with a True RMS meter during the post installation phase of the Project. The ASHRAE 90.1 system performance curves shown in the LNSPC Program Procedures Manual will be used to estimate the energy savings for any post installation air flow rate. With the assumption that this Project will not affect the system demand for air flow, the baseline kw demand and energy savings can be determined for any post installation metered kw with the method illustrated below for a sample fan. The maximum kw demand for Fan S-1 adjusted to meet Title-20 minimum efficiency requirements is 29.1 kw (See Section E for the spot reading and Title-20 adjustment). Using the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 equation and coefficients, the following system performance curves were developed for Fan S-1 with both inlet vanes and a VSD. 8

9 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Figure 1: Pre and Post kw vs. % CFM It is easy to see that the kw savings for any air-flow rate (as a percent of the maximum air flow rate) is represented as the space between the two curves. The savings for any air flow rate can also be plotted as a curve. This curve is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Fan S-1 kw saved vs. % CFM 9

10 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Energy savings will be calculated in a four-step process: 1. The post installation continuous monitoring system will record the average motor kw for every 15 minute time interval. 2. The kw will be converted to a percentage of the maximum kw value for the fan. The VSD system performance curve will be used to estimate the percent maximum CFM (CFM %MAX ) for that kw. This will be performed in a graphical method. See Section E for a description of this process. 3. The CFM %MAX determined in step 2, will be input into the baseline quadratic equation, which will yield the estimated baseline kw as a percent of the maximum kw value for the fan. This number will be converted to a kw value. 4. Once the baseline and post installation kw values are known, a subtraction of the post installation kw from the baseline kw will yield the average kw savings for the 15 minute time period. Multiplying the kw savings by 0.25 hours (15 minutes in decimal form) will give the energy (kwh) savings for the 15 minute period. The Project Sponsor will make use of the office building s existing ACME Energy Management System (EMS) for recording VSD power consumption. Additionally, instantaneous, spot and continuous power monitoring equipment will be used. See Section F for more information on the specific equipment that will be used. For this Project, the overall M&V approach includes the following components: Inventory of Equipment. Surveys have been conducted to document existing (baseline) motors and motor controls (e.g., motor starters and inlet vane dampers). These are submitted with this M&V Plan in the Project Application. Metering Baseline Equipment. Spot metering has been conducted on all baseline motors to determine the maximum power demand when the inlet vanes are wide open. Metering data will be submitted with this M&V plan. Metering Post-Installation Equipment. For the continuous monitoring over the term of the program, the POWERSAV kw Sensor/Transmitter will be used to monitor the post installation demand of a sample of the affected fan motors. The kw Sensor/Transmitters will be calibrated with the same kw meter used to establish the baseline and post installation regression relationships. The EMS system will record the 10

11 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans kw demand of the sample of motors (output by the kw Sensor/Transmitter). Data will continuously be read and stored every 15 minutes throughout the term of the LNSPC Program. The Project Sponsor will download data from the EMS on a monthly basis and will take corrective action if the monitoring equipment is not operating properly. All data will be submitted to the Utility Administrator in a Microsoft Excel format for inspection and review. E. Calculations and Adjustments Baseline Demand Adjusted to the Minimum Standards Spot power (kw) readings have been taken with the inlet vanes fully open. These readings represent the maximum kw consumption of each fan. The readings and the adjusted value to bring them up to the minimum efficiency requirements are listed in Table 1. 11

12 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Table 1: Maximum Baseline Motor Demand Motor I.D. HP Spot kw Reading Rated Efficiency Minimum Efficiency Adjusted kw S % 93.0% 29.1 S % 93.0% 28.8 S % 93.0% 29.6 S % 93.0% 29.3 S % 93.0% 35.4 S % 93.0% 29.0 S % 93.0% 36.0 R % 91.0% 14.9 R % 91.0% 15.0 R % 91.0% 15.0 R % 91.0% 15.1 R % 92.4% 20.8 R % 91.0% 14.5 R % 92.4% 21.4 The spot kw readings were adjusted to meet the Title 20 baseline power consumption with the following equation from the Procedures Manual: where: η kw base = kw Exist Exist η min std kw base = the energy demand for the Title 20 baseline motor kw exist = the average of the monitored energy demand or spot measurement for the existing motor η min std = the efficiency of the baseline motor taken from Title 20 minimum efficiency standards η Exist = the efficiency of the existing motor taken from nameplate data Usage Groups 12

13 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans The motors will be assigned to four usage groups based on motor horsepower. The monitoring results for operating hours, and kw demand for a group will be averaged together to obtain an operating profile for each group. This operating profile will be employed for each motor in that group whether it will be monitored or not. The average maximum kw for each usage group adjusted to meet the Title-20 minimum efficiency requirements is listed in Table 2. Table 2: Average Maximum kw per Usage Group Usage Group Maximum kw 20 hp hp hp hp 35.7 Performance Curves and Coefficients The following equation and coefficients from ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and the 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual will be used to relate demand (kw) and air flow rate (CFM) for the building s backward inclined fans with inlet vanes and VSDs. kw + 2 % MAX = A + B( CFM % MAX ) C( CFM % MAX ) where: kw %MAX = Fraction of the full load (kw) demand CFM %MAX = Fraction of the full load (CFM) flow 13

14 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Fan Type Control Type Air foil or backward inclined inlet vanes Any variable speed drive Table 3: ASHRAE 90.1 Coefficients A B C Minimum Turndown (%CFM) Minimum Input (%Power) 30% 48% 20% 10% At any level at or below the minimum turndown, the minimum input power will be used (a constant percent of the maximum power input). Solving for the Roots of the Quadratic Equation During the post installation phase of the Project, kw will be recorded at 15 minute intervals. The value for kw %MAX is easily found by dividing the kw for any 15 minute period by the maximum kw found from the spot readings. To find the baseline kw, CFM %MAX will need to be backed out of the quadratic equation for a fan with a VSD. This can be performed by solving for the roots of the quadratic equation. Solving the quadratic equation for its roots yields the following equation: With the use of this equation, there are two possible answers for CFM %MAX for any kw %MAX,. Therefore, in order to automate the process of determining savings during the post installation period, a lookup table needs to be built which contains only the correct results for CFM %MAX. This is done manually, and a judgement is made as to which answer is correct by observing a graph of kw %max vs. CFM %MAX. Table 4 shows this look up table solving for CFM %MAX in one-hundredth of a percent intervals of kw %max. 14

15 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Table 4: CFM %MAX Look-Up Table kw %MA CFM %MA kw %MAX CFM %MA kw %MAX CFM %MA kw %MAX CFM %MA X X X X X Because of the minimum turndown limitations, at any kw %MAX equal to or less than 0.1, the corresponding CFM %MAX is considered equal to

16 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual To determine savings, the recorded post installation kw is divided by the maximum kw found through spot readings to get the post installation kw %MAX. With kw %MAX known, CFM %MAX is found with the look-up table. The baseline performance curve equation is used to determine the baseline kw %MAX. The baseline kw %MAX is multiplied by the maximum kw to get the baseline kw. The demand savings for the monitored period are then found by subtracting the post installation kw from the baseline kw. Estimated Energy Savings The estimated energy savings for each fan has been obtained by estimating the time at different air flow rates. The assumed fan operating schedule is listed below. Table 5: Assumed Fan Loading Hours %CFM Table 6 contains a summary of the estimated energy savings per fan in this Project. 16

17 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans ID Num. Table 6: Estimated Energy Savings Supply AHUs Motor Hp Estimated Savings (kwh) Return AHUs ID Num Motor Hp Estimate d Savings (kwh) S ,000 R ,000 S ,000 R ,000 S ,000 R ,000 S ,000 R ,000 S ,000 R ,000 S ,000 R ,000 S ,000 R ,000 The total estimated energy savings for this Project are 850,000 kwh with an estimated incentive payment at $0.08 per kwh of $68,000. Post Installation Calculation of Energy Savings The calculations described below will be performed each year of the Agreement. The results will be reported in the Annual Savings Report (ASR) and will form the basis of payments. Energy Savings for each time interval (¼ hour) will be calculated by determining the power reduction for that time interval and multiplying by the time interval, using the following equations: kwh Savings (per 15 minute time interval) = [0.25 X [kw Savings in that time interval] kwh Savings annual = Sum(kWh Savings for all time intervals in the year) where: kwh Savings annual = annual energy savings [kwh] 17

18 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual kw Savings = (kw baseline - kw post ), the demand savings during a given metering time interval. kw baseline = the kilowatt demand the baseline motor would have required if the VSD had not been installed. The baseline kw will be obtained from a motor s baseline system performance curve. Percent of the maximum air flow rate is used as an input to the performance curve equation. kw post = the kilowatt demand of the motor with the VSD during the post installation time interval [kw] as recorded by the EMS. F. Metering Plan Table 7 presents the monitoring approach the Project Sponsor will use as the basis to estimate energy and demand savings associated with the VSD installation projects. To establish baseline energy use, spot metering was conducted. Continuous metering (using the kw Sensor/ Transmitter and EMS) will include continuous kw readings throughout the performance period. All equipment will have been calibrated within the past year, or it will not be used. 18

19 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Table 7: Monitoring Approach Objective of Monitoring Time Period Type of Monitoring / Duration Type of Measurement Monitoring Equipment Estimate Baseline kw Baseline Spot reading at full load conditions Instantaneous measure of 3-phase kw True RMS meter Estimate Post- Installation kw and confirm EMS accuracy Post- Installatio n Spot reading Instantaneous measure of 3-phase kw True RMS meter and multi-meter, (same equipment used in baseline measurements) Estimate postinstallation kw. Also, verifies operating hours. Continuo us Post- Installatio n Continuous monitoring (throughout performance period) kw at 15-minute intervals kw Sensor and EMS calibrated with true RMS meter In addition to the metering, the status of the installed equipment (physical condition and continued operation) will be observed and changes will be reported in the Annual Savings Reports (ASRs). Annual calibration checks of the EMS and kw Sensor/Transmitters will be conducted at a range of operating points and reported to the Utility Administrator at the end of performance year one. The remainder of this section addresses measurement and monitoring points, types of metering equipment, and metering equipment calibration. 1. Measurements and Monitoring Points Table 8 presents the equipment inventory for the office building VSD retrofit Project. 19

20 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Table 8: Equipment Inventory for Office Building VSD Retrofits Supply AHUs Motor Applications Return AHUs ID Num. Motor Hp Location ID Num Motor Hp Location S-1 40 NE Roof R-1 20 NE Roof S-2 40 NW Roof R-2 20 NW Roof S-3 40 SE Roof R-3 20 SE Roof S-4 40 SW Roof R-4 20 SW Roof S-5 50 E Roof R-5 30 E Roof S-6 40 W Roof R-6 20 W Roof S-7 50 Ctr Roof R-7 30 Ctr Roof These motors will be grouped into usage groups based on rated horsepower and a sample of these motors will be continuously monitored. The Project Sponsor used the lighting sample size calculator for a single building, with a cv=0.5 and an 90/20 confidence and precision level. The sample size calculator yielded the follow number of motors to be monitored in each usage group. Table 9: Sample of Motors to be Monitored Usage Group Sample Size 20 hp 2 30 hp 1 40 hp 3 50 hp 2 Total 8 The motors to be continuously will be randomly selected and submitted to the Utility Administrator in the PIR for review. 2. Metering Equipment Metering equipment will include true RMS meters, the ACME True RMS kw Sensor/ Transmitters, and the EMS system. The Project Sponsor will install the ITT POWERSAV kw Sensor/Transmitters to continuously monitor each motor s kw during the post installation period. The kw Sensor/Transmitter will send output to the EMS, which will record the data. The attached specifications for the POWERSAV kw Sensor/Transmitter demonstrates that it s accuracy and repeatability meets the LNSPC Program requirement 20

21 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans of ±3% of actual reading. Cut-sheets and specification of all the monitoring equipment are included with this M&V plan. Instantaneous measurements of motor power draw will be made using a Fluke Model 40 true RMS meter with an accuracy at or greater than ± 3% of reading. The same Fluke Model 40 meters will be used to make the instantaneous measurement for the motors before and after installation of the VSDs. Measurements of post-installation kw use will be recorded at 15 minute intervals by the Project Site s EMS system. 3. Metering Equipment Calibration All metering equipment will be calibrated at least once a year using National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable instrumentation. G. Accuracy Requirements Accuracy requirements for all power monitoring devices are specified as being within ± 3% of true reading. H. Data Gathering and Quality Control The Project Sponsor will check recorded kw data on a monthly basis. Any anomalies in the data will be investigated immediately, and any data reporting problems will be corrected. A log of all data reporting problems and corrections will be kept for review by the Utility Administrator. The Project Sponsor will provide documentation on the actual implementation of the metering plan, including specifics related to any change in the type of metering equipment, monitoring points, the monitoring schedule, and the data collection procedures. This information will be reported along with estimates and calculations of energy savings in the Annual Savings Report. I. Reports to be Prepared The Project Sponsor will submit a Project Application (containing this M&V plan), a Post Installation Report and yearly Annual Savings Reports following the guidelines and using the forms provided in the LNSPC Program Procedures Manual. All monitoring data will be submitted in electronic format for review by the Utility Administrator. 21

22 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual J. Schedule Table 10 presents tasks and schedule required to implement the measurement and verification plan. Table 10: Tasks for Implementing the M&V Plan Task Responsible Scheduled Completion 1. Take spot measurements of baseline equipment kw Project Sponsor 8/00 2. Submit Project Application Project Sponsor 10/00 3. Accompany Utility Administrator on preinstallation inspection Project Sponsor 10/00 4. Give approval to proceed Utility Administrator 12/00 5. Complete installation of VSDs Project Sponsor 3/01 6. Notify Utility Administrator and calibrate EMS kw meters with spot monitoring equipment. 7. Submit Post-Installation Report - including a sample data file from the EMS system and sample savings calculations 8. Accompany Utility Administrator on post installation inspection. 9. Utility Administrator approval of the postinstallation report. Project Sponsor 3/01 Project Sponsor 4/01 Project Sponsor 4/01 Utility Administrator 5/ Submit first of two ASR reports Project Sponsor 5/02 22

23 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans I. Project Budget Table 11 below estimates the cost of the M&V activities for this Project incremental to what is required for the performance contract between the building owner and the Project Sponsor. Table 11. Project Incremental M&V Costs First Year Labor Tasks Rate Annual Hours Total Cost Develop an implementation plan and coordinate schedule $90 16 $1,440 Develop data collection protocol $90 8 $720 Spot meter baseline motors $65 8 $520 Data Analysis $90 16 $1,440 Post installation spot metering and calibrate EMS $65 8 $520 Subtotal (1st year) 56 $4,640 Second Year Post installation spot metering $65 8 $520 Data Analysis $90 16 $1,440 Sub-total (2nd year) 24 $1,960 Equipment Costs $4,000 Grand Total 80 $10,600 LNSPC Program Incentive = $68,000 M&V Cost = $10,600 23

24 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Example Measurement and Verification Plan For a Constant Speed Chiller Replacement Project (Option CH-B-01) January 1, 2000 Prepared for California s 2000 Large Non-Residential Standard Performance Contract Program Prepared by: Schiller Associates 1333 Broadway, Suite 1015 Oakland, CA (510) This document is provided for informational purposes only. Any mention of a product within this document has been made for demonstration purposes only and does not represent an endorsement or warranty in any way by the Utility Administrator or Schiller Associates of a manufacturers product. 24

25 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Site Specific Measurement & Verification Plan Chiller Replacement Project: Continuous Demand Metering A. Project Summary An owner of a 250,000 square foot office complex, located in San Jose, is considering participating in the Large Non-Residential Standard Performance Contracting Program. A central chilled water plant cools the facility with a 15 year old 700 ton centrifugal chiller. The owner of building is planning to replace the older chiller with a new, high efficiency unit and receive an incentive under the LNSPC Program. The unit under consideration has been rated with an ARI nominal efficiency of 0.55 kw/ton. Since the efficiency of the new equipment is regulated by Title 24, the baseline efficiency for purposes of estimating savings under the program is taken from Section 112, Table 1-C of the California Energy Efficiency Standards. For a 700 ton water cooled chiller, the efficiency under the 1995 standard is 4.7 COP which is equivalent to kw/ton. B. Assumptions This M&V plan was written with the following assumptions: 1. The office building plans no major building projects, such as building additions, or changes which would significantly alter the current building occupancy rate or schedule. 2. The operating schedule will not change because of this Project. 3. Only chiller usage will be monitored, so no attempt will be made to characterize the operation of the baseline chiller other than nominal efficiency. C. M&V Activities All M&V activities associated with the Project will be conducted by Douglas Engineering, the acting Project Sponsor. The proposed method for conducting the M&V is Option B, continuous post-installation metering. Since the baseline efficiency for the chiller is defined by Title 24, no pre-installation metering will be required. M&V activities are composed of a pre-installation inspection to verify that the efficiency of the old chiller is below Title 24 standards, a post-installation inspection to verify the efficiency of the installed chiller, post-installation monitoring of chiller electricity consumption, estimation of baseline energy consumption and generation of M&V reports. 25

26 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Pre-Installation Inspection: In addition to validating assumptions used in the savings calculations, the pre-installation inspection will verify that the existing chiller efficiency is below the baseline specified by Title 24. The best source of information for the existing efficiency is the ARI certification, which accompanied the existing chiller, discounted for age and degradation. Post-Installation Inspection: After the Project has been installed and commissioned, the Utility Administrator will conduct an inspection to verify that the chiller installed is consistent with what was proposed. Post-Installation Monitoring: Post-installation monitoring of chiller electricity consumption will be conducted for the entire M&V period. This monitoring will be accomplished using an ACME Inc, self contained, three-phase, true RMS kw logger. The logger will log and time stamp the data at 15 minute intervals. The logger will be downloaded monthly and the data validated and stored. In the event that there is a significant gap in the data due to a logger failure, the process to replace the missing data with interpolated or averaged data will be clearly documented. Estimation of Baseline Chiller Consumption: Using the monitored, post-installation data described above, the baseline energy use will be computed using a simple ratio estimate as discussed below. D. Calculations and Adjustments The calculations described below will be performed each year of the Agreement. The results will be reported in the Annual Savings Report (ASR) and will form the basis of payments. As previously mentioned, the proposed chiller is rated with an ARI nominal efficiency of 0.55 kw/ton. From the Title 24 Standards, the baseline chiller has a nominal efficiency of kw/ton. To estimate the baseline load, we will first compute the ratio of baseline full load efficiency to the rated full load efficiency of the proposed chiller. This ratio is then used to scale the monitored M&V load data to represent baseline usage for the same interval. Table 1: Proposed and Baseline Chiller Statistics 26

27 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Chiller Efficiency (kw/ton) Full-Load kw Baseline Proposed Using the nominal efficiencies for both the proposed and baseline chiller, the ratio is computed as divided by to yield This can be interpreted as saying that the baseline chiller would have consumed 36 percent more electricity than the proposed chiller. Table 2 below provides a template to illustrate how monthly savings calculations will be estimated when actual M&V data are available. 27

28 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Table 2: Template for Computing Monthly Savings Time Measured kw for June (Illustrative) Estimated Baseline (kw) Estimated Savings (kw) Weekday Hours for June kwh Savings for June 0: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Total: 47,180 The illustrative load data represent the average load for weekdays in the month of June. The monthly savings is estimated as the product of the total savings for the average day 28

29 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans and the number of days in the month. A similar process, conducted for each month, will yield savings estimates to be aggregated into an annual savings estimate. It is important to note that this method of savings estimate assumes identical operating and performance characteristics for the basecase and proposed chillers. That is, the only characteristic used to leverage the usage from one unit to another is the full load efficiency. For this reason, the method is only applicable for units that do not use variable speed drives on the compressors for unloading. E. Metering Plan The electrical demand of the proposed (new) chiller will be monitored to support the required M&V activities. This three phase load will be monitored using an ACME true RMS kw meter. Specifications for the ACME meter are attached. Current Transducers will be placed on Breakers 1, 3 and 5 of switch-gear SG-1. These breakers are the A, B and C phases of the 460 volt service that supplies the chiller. No other devices draw power from these breakers. The ACME meter will record electrical consumption at 15 Minute intervals for the duration of the monitoring period. This logger is capable of storing 41 days of 15 minute data using a fifteen minute interval. Data will be downloaded and stored on the first working day of each month to ensure that the logger does not run out of memory. F. Accuracy Requirements The ACME logger will be calibrated at the time of installation and then checked for calibration every 6 months. This will be accomplished using a Powersite true RMS meter calibrated at the factory to ±2 percent of reading. G. Data Gathering and Quality Control The data will be collected using quality control procedures for checking the measurements for reasonableness. Any and all missing intervals will be replaced either by interpolation or use of average values. The administrator will be notified of any data substitution because of missing data, and the method employed to substitute the data. H. Reports to be Prepared Following the approval of the PA associated with this M&V plan, a Post-Installation Report will be produced documenting that the equipment specified in the PA was installed and is functioning as expected. Annual Savings Reports, following the guidelines and 29

30 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual using the forms provided in the LNSPC Program Procedures Manual, will be generated and submitted following completion of the year long data collection activities. Savings estimates will be provided in spreadsheet form, following the template provided in Table 2, above. In addition to the reports, all monitoring data will be submitted in electronic format for review by the Utility Administrator. I. Schedule Table 3 presents tasks and schedule required to implement the measurement and verification plan. Table 3: Tasks for Implementing the M&V Plan Task Responsible Scheduled Completion 1. Approval of PA Utility Administrator 2. Install & commission new chiller Owner and the Project Sponsor 8/00 10/00 3. Install logger & begin monitoring activities Project Sponsor 10/00 4. Develop Post-Installation Report Project Sponsor 11/00 5. Conduct Post-Installation Inspection Utility Administrator 11/00 6. Complete first year M&V data collection Project Sponsor 10/01 7. Submit first year Annual Savings Report including all logger data in electronic format. Project Sponsor 11/01 G. Project Budget Table 6 below estimates the cost of the M&V activities for this Project incremental to what is required for the performance contract between the building owner and the ESCO. 30

31 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Table 4. Project M&V Costs First Year Labor Tasks Rate Annual Hours Total Cost Develop an implementation plan and coordinate schedule $90 40 $3,600 Purchase ACME logger & CT s $1,500 Install logger $880 Monthly downloads & data validation $65 12 * 6 $4,680 Savings analysis & report generation $90 40 $3,600 Subtotal (1st year) 152 $14,260 Second Year Monthly downloads & data validation $65 12 * 6 $4,680 Savings analysis & report generation $90 32 $2,880 Sub-total (2nd year) 128 $7,560 Grand Total 304 $ 21,820 LNSPC Program Incentive = $166,267 (see pre-installation submittal) M&V Cost = $21,820 M&V Cost as percent of Incentive = 13.1% 31

32 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Example Measurement and Verification Plan For a Variable Speed Chiller Replacement Project (Option CH-B-02) January 1, 2000 Prepared for California s 2000 Large Non-Residential Standard Performance Contract Program Prepared by: Schiller Associates 1333 Broadway, Suite 1015 Oakland, CA (510) This document is provided for informational purposes only. Any mention of a product within this document has been made for demonstration purposes only and does not represent an endorsement or warranty in any way by the Administrator or Schiller Associates of a manufacturer s product. 32

33 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Site Specific Measurement & Verification Plan Chiller Replacement Project: Continuous Demand and Cooling Load Metering A. Project Summary An owner of a 250,000 square foot office complex, located in San Jose, is considering participating in the Large Non-Residential Standard Performance Contracting Program. The facility is cooled by a central chilled water plant with a 15 year old, 1,000 ton centrifugal chiller. The owner of the building is planning to replace the chiller with a new, high efficiency, variable speed drive unit and receive an incentive under the LNSPC Program. The unit under consideration has been rated with an ARI nominal efficiency of 0.55 kw/ton. Since the minimum efficiency of chillers is regulated under Title 24, the minimum Title 24 efficiency will be used as the baseline for the savings calculations. From Section 112, Table 1-C of the California Energy Efficiency Standards, the minimum efficiency for a 1,000 ton water cooled chiller is a COP 4.7, which is equivalent to kw/ton. B. Assumptions This M&V plan was written with the following assumptions: 1. The office building plans no major building projects, such as building additions, or changes which would significantly alter the current building occupancy rate or schedule. 2. The operating schedule will not change because of this Project. 3. Since the proposed chiller will be operated with a variable speed drive, estimation of the baseline efficiency will be accomplished using operating curves established by the California Energy Commission in conjunction with monitored data. State points to be monitored include the chilled water supply and return temperature, chilled water flow and condenser water supply temperature. C. M&V Activities Measurement and Verification (M&V) activities associated with the Project will be conducted by Douglas Engineering, the acting Project Sponsor. The proposed method for conducting the M&V is Option CH-B-02, continuous post-installation metering. Since the baseline efficiency for the chiller is defined by Title 24, no pre-installation metering will 33

34 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual be required. M&V activities are composed of a post-installation inspection to verify the efficiency of the installed chiller, post-installation monitoring of chiller operating conditions, estimation of baseline energy consumption and generation of M&V reports. Post-Installation Inspection: After the Project has been installed and commissioned, the Utility Administrator will conduct an inspection to verify that the chiller installed is consistent with what was proposed. Post-Installation Monitoring: Post-installation monitoring of chiller electricity consumption will be conducted for the entire M&V period. This monitoring will be accomplished using the existing building energy management system (EMS). The EMS will log and time stamp the data at a 15 minute interval, saving the data weekly to disk. In the event that there is a significant gap in the data due to a sensor failure, the process to replace the missing data with interpolated or averaged data will be clearly documented. Estimation of Baseline Chiller Consumption: Using the monitored, post-installation data described above, the baseline energy use will be computed. This estimation is a multi-step process that will compute the baseline energy use based on the chilled water supply temperature, condenser water return temperature and estimated part load ratio1. D. Calculations and Adjustments The calculations described below will be performed for each year of the Agreement. The results will be reported in the Annual Savings Report (ASR) and will form the basis of payments. As previously mentioned, the proposed chiller is rated with an ARI nominal efficiency of 0.55 kw/ton, with a variable speed drive to provide unloading capability. From the Title 24 Standards, the baseline chiller has a nominal efficiency of kw/ton, without a variable speed drive. To estimate the baseline load, a series of calculations will need to be carried out using the CEC approved chiller characteristics. 1 The relationships used in the estimation of baseline chiller kw come from the March 1995 Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Approval Manual from the California Energy Commission. Publication Number P

35 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Table 1: Proposed and Baseline Chiller Statistics ChillerEfficiency (kw/ton)drive TypeFull-Load kw Baseline0.748Constant748 Proposed0.550Variable550 To compute the baseline energy consumption, the following calculations need to be carried out: Calculate the current cooling load in tons Calculate the current chiller capacity Calculate the current part-load ratio (PLR) Calculate the correction to input power for the PLR Calculate the correction to input power for current chilled water supply and condenser water return temperatures Calculate the electrical demand for the current time period The following notation is applicable to Equations 1 through 6 below: Tons i Current cooling output from chiller CHWF Chilled Water Flow (Gallons Per Minute) ECWT Entering Chilled Water Temperature (Return Temperature, F) LCWT Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (Supply Temperature, F) CWT Condenser Water Temperature ( F) 500 Conversion from GPM to pounds per hour (Eqn. 1) 1 Btu per pound-degree Fahrenheit (Eqn. 1) 12,000 Conversion from BTUH to tons (Eqn. 1) CAP nom Cap i PLR i kw nom Nominal capacity of chiller Current capacity of chiller Current Part-Load Ratio Nominal or full load chiller demand (kw) 35

36 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual kw i PLR Adj Temp Adj Current chiller demand (kw) Adjustment to input power due to part load Adjustment to input power due to chilled and condenser water temperatures Step 1 Calculate cooling load: The cooling load will be computed based on the flow and temperature data collected with the EMS. Equation 1 below will be used to compute the tons of cooling currently being provided by the chiller. Equation 1: Step 2 Calculate current capacity: The current capacity of any chiller is a function of the nominal capacity and the current chilled water and condenser water temperatures. The equation is bi-quadratic, with the coefficients defined by the CEC. Equation 2: a = b = c = d = e = f = Where: Step 3 Calculate current Part-Load Ratio: The current part-load ratio is simply the ratio of current tons to current capacity. Equation 3: 36

37 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans Step 4 Calculate the part load adjustment to the nominal chiller kw: This adjustment accounts for both the change in performance due to off peak loading as well as the off peak loading itself. The result of this equation is a multiplier to be used with the chillers nominal, full load demand, to estimate consumption at the given part load. Equation 4: Where: a = b = c = Step 5 Calculate the ambient adjustment to the nominal chiller kw: This adjustment factor accounts for the change in nominal chiller performance as a function of condenser and supply water temperatures. Equation 5: Where: a = b = c = d = e = f = Step 6 Calculate the current baseline chiller kw: Using the part-load and temperature adjustment factors, calculate the current chiller demand as the product of nominal chiller demand, PLR Adj and Temp Adj. Equation 6: Note that the above equation produces the average baseline kw for the interval associated with the data collected. Given that data are logged during a fifteen minute time interval, 37

38 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual the average kw estimated would need to be multiplied by 0.25 hours to convert to kwh. For M&V purposes, average hourly values for temperatures and flows will be computed using the four 15 minute data points contributing to each hours worth of data. Table 2 below, shows one day of chiller operation including illustrative data from the EMS, calculated adjustment factors and estimates of baseline chiller demand. Note that the data from this example are assumed to be hourly average values calculated from the four 15 minute observations associated with each hour. The current load data includes the demand of the proposed chiller, condenser and supply water temperatures. Calculated values include the current capacity, PLR as well as the PLR and ambient adjustment factors. Based on the nominal baseline demand and the adjustment factors, the baseline kw for the given conditions is estimated. Finally, the last column in the table shows the hourly savings. Table 2 serves as a template for presenting the results in the first and second year Annual Savings Reports. Post- Installation Calculation of Energy Savings The calculations described below will be performed each year of the Agreement. The results will be reported in the Annual Savings Report (ASR) and will form the basis of payments. Energy Savings for each time interval (hour) will be calculated by determining the power reduction for that time interval and multiplying by the time interval, using the following equations: kwh Savings = kw Savings (This is true since the time interval is 1 hour) kwh Savings annual = Sum(kWh Savings for all time intervals in the year) where: kwh Savings annual = annual energy savings [kwh] kw Savings = (kw baseline - kw post ), the demand savings during a given metering time interval. 38

39 Appendix D: Example M&V Plans kw baseline = the kilowatt demand the baseline chiller would have required if the new chiller had not been installed, as calculated by the procedure presented above. kw post = the kilowatt demand of the new chiller during the post installation time interval [kw] as recorded by the EMS. E. Metering Plan Metering of all plant parameters will be accomplished using the energy management system. Parameters to be monitored are the chiller demand, chilled water flow, condenser water temperature and chilled water supply and return temperatures. Chiller Demand: The chiller demand will be monitored using solid core current transducers installed at the time of chiller installation. These transducers will be installed on breakers 1, 3 and 5 (the A, B and C phases) of switch-gear SW-1. Calibration of these sensors will be accomplished using an ACME true RMS kw meter. Calibration of this parameter will be carried out once per year. Data will be recorded on a 15 Minute interval. 39

40 California s 2000 LNSPC Program Procedures Manual Hour of Day New kw Current Data Output (Tons) Condens er Temp (Deg. F) Table 2: One day illustrative data Supply temp (Deg. F) Current Capacity (Tons) Part Load Ratio Calculated Values Part Load Adjustment to EIR Ambient Adjustment to EIR Baseline Demand (kw) Savings (kw)