CFD-assisted Process Intensification for Biomass Fast Pyrolysis in Gas-solid Vortex Reactor Technology
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1 CFD-assisted Process Intensification for Biomass Fast Pyrolysis in Gas-solid Vortex Reactor Technology Shekhar R. Kulkarni, Arturo Gonzalez Quiroga, Patrice Perreault, Geraldine Heynderickx, Kevin M. Van Geem, Guy B. Marin
2 Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Short gas residence time Effective heat transfer Fast removal of bio-oil vapours & rapid condensation
3 Multiphase Chemical Reactors Drag Centrifugal Gravity Gas-Solid Vortex Reactors Drag G S - Gas flow restrictions - Dilute beds Fluidized Bed Reactor G Process intensification in terms of heat & mass transfer Gas-Solid slip velocities Packed beds Short Gas Residence time
4 GSVR LCT CFD Cold-Flow GSVR Hot-Flow GSVR Reactive GSVR
5 Reactive GSVR Tailored Design Pa Top View m s -1 Uniform velocity across slots Pressure drops ~ 9 kpa (slots) ~ 20 kpa (total) Front View Reduced backflow due to profiled bottom plate
6 CFD Simulations Parameter Full Geometry Pie Geometry Air inlet temp (K) 289 Air inlet flow (kg s -1 ) Aluminium loading (kg) Aluminium density (kg m -3 ) 2700 Aluminium dp (m) Aluminium feeding Via UDF ( < r < m) Turbulence model Re-Normalization Group k-ε Shear Stress Transport k-w Time step (s) 2 X Full Geometry ~ 2.5 x 10 6 cells Pie Geometry ~ 0.25 x 10 6 cells ANSYS FLUENT v18.0 Eulerian Eulerian
7 Full vs Pie Geometry Comparison Pie-geometry can be chosen for computational ease. Biomass Fast-Pyrolysis Reactive Simulations
8 Fast Pyrolysis Lumped Reaction Mechanism Bio-oil Gas v.cellulose a.cellulose (36 %) Char_c + Gas Simulation Settings Parameter Value N2 inlet temp (K) 842 Biomass (dry) v.hemicellulose (47 %) a.hemicellulose Bio-oil Char_h + Gas Gas N2 inlet flow (kg hr -1 ) 18 Biomass loading (kg) Biomass feed temp (K) (batch feed) 842 v.lignin (17 %) a.lignin Bio-oil Char_l + Gas Gas Time step (s) 10-4 Turbulence model k-ε RNG Primary phase Gas Mixture Secondary phase I Biomass Phase Biomass Phase dp = 0.5 mm Char Phase dp = 0.2 (0.3 mm) Secondary phase II Interphase interactions Char Phase Drag: Gidaspow Heat Transfer: Gunn Xue, Qingluan, T. J. Heindel, and R. O. Fox. "A CFD model for biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidized-bed reactors." Chemical Engineering Science 66, no. 11 (2011):
9 Key Results (Results scaled for the full reactor configuration) Time required for complete conversion ~ 8 sec Slot ~ 4-5 kpa Bed ~ 1-2 kpa Product Distribution Previous (2D) Simulations 1 Current (3D) Work Char % % Bio-oil % % Pyrolysis Gas % % 1 Ashcraft, Robert W., Geraldine J. Heynderickx, and Guy B. Marin. "Modeling fast biomass pyrolysis in a gas solid vortex reactor." Chemical engineering journal 207 (2012):
10 Process Intensification : Diameter based Segregation Biomass dp = 0.5 mm ρ = 450 kg m -3 - Density ratio of 0.9 & dp ratio of 2.5 show positive radial segregation - Streamlines near the outlet indicate likeliness of char exiting the reactor as rather than biomass Char dp = 0.2 mm ρ = 500 kg m -3 - Segregation is transient and char bed moves radially outwards as biomass reacts. - To sustain segregation and reduce char residence time in reactor, continuous biomass feeding could be implemented. Solids v.f. profiles displayed at axial plane: z = 0.01 m
11 Fast Pyrolysis Advanced Reaction Mechanism v.cellulose a.cellulose Levoglucosan, Glyoxal, Acetaldehyde, Hydroxymethylfurfural, Permanent Gases Biomass (dry) v.hemicellulose a.hemicellulose - 1 a.hemicellulose - 2 Formaldehyde, Xylan, Permanent Gases Char v.lignin Lignin - C Lignin - H Lignin - O Phenol, Acrylic Acid, pcoumaryl, Permanent Gases Biomass Phase Gas-Phase Char-Phase Permanent Gases : N2, H2, CO, CO2, CH4, etc 1. Ranzi, Eliseo, et al. "Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis." Energy & Fuels 22.6 (2008):
12 Advanced Kinetics Scheme : Preliminary product fields Biomass v.f. Levoglucosan v.f. Char v.f. Simulation settings same as mentioned previously Gas Temp Biomass Temp Solids v.f. profiles displayed at axial plane: z = 0.01 m
13 Concluding Remarks Lumped and advanced kinetic mechanisms implemented successfully in the CFD of GSVR. Pie-geometry suitable for running qualitative reactive simulations. 3D Simulations indicate transient radial char and biomass segregations within a range of biomass to char particle diameter ratios process intensification favorable for fast pyrolysis. Char, bio-oil yields lower than those in previous (2D) reactive simulations, indicating strong influence of end-wall effects. Future Work Reactive simulations with realistically shaped biomass particles Validation of reaction UDF with simulations in a fluidized bed. 13/73
14 Acknowledgements
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